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1、北京2019中考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解（十） 專(zhuān)題十八 閱讀理解 第10講 閱讀理解解題方法指導(dǎo) 教學(xué)目標(biāo) 1. 掌握北京中考閱讀理解CD篇的命題規(guī)律； 2. 掌握北京中考閱讀理解CD篇的解題方法； 3. 掌握北京中考閱讀理解CD篇的高頻詞。 名師點(diǎn)撥 北京中考閱讀理解CD篇命題規(guī)律總結(jié) 閱讀理解能力的培養(yǎng)是中學(xué)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的一項(xiàng)重要任務(wù)，也是中考的一項(xiàng)重要內(nèi)容。中考閱讀理解主要考察學(xué)生的語(yǔ)篇閱讀能力、分析和判斷能力。要求學(xué)生能較快地通過(guò)閱讀理解短文大意，獲取其中的主要信息，能做出正確判斷，然后根據(jù)試題的要求從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳答案。

2、近年來(lái)逐漸顯現(xiàn)出文章易懂，但選題較難的趨勢(shì)，要求閱讀速度為每分鐘約40-50詞。 北京中考閱讀理解CD篇的閱讀材料的選取一般遵循三個(gè)原則：1. 閱讀量約在350-450字之間；2. 題材廣泛，包括日常生活類(lèi)、人生百味類(lèi)、科普環(huán)保類(lèi)、教育類(lèi)和社會(huì)現(xiàn)象類(lèi)等；3. 體裁多樣，以議論文和說(shuō)明文為主。 北京中考閱讀理解CD篇考察的主要內(nèi)容是：1. 考查把握文章的事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)的能力；2. 考查依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容和考生應(yīng)有的常識(shí)進(jìn)行推理和判斷的能力；3. 考查根據(jù)上下文猜測(cè)生詞的含義的能力；4. 考查推斷作者意圖和態(tài)度的能力；5. 考查掌握所讀材料的主旨和大意的能力。 建議：平時(shí)閱讀理解要加強(qiáng)科普類(lèi)、議

3、論類(lèi)文章的閱讀，做題方法不要只停留在機(jī)械尋找信息上，注重文章寫(xiě)作結(jié)構(gòu)、主旨大意、觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的理解上，閱讀英文原著，不要局限于中考試題。 北京中考閱讀理解CD篇解題方法指導(dǎo) 一、閱讀理解解題步驟 第一步 快速瀏覽全文，了解文章大概。 瀏覽時(shí)要注意以下句子：每段的開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾，重要的情節(jié)句子，如果遇到未學(xué)或不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞或不理解的句子，可以根據(jù)上下文猜測(cè)，切不可停留而放慢速度。 第二步 瀏覽問(wèn)題，明確要求。 把文章后每個(gè)題目?jī)?nèi)容看明白，這樣又能輔助進(jìn)一步理解文章的主要內(nèi)容，具體做題時(shí)就能對(duì)號(hào)入座，找到文章中確切表達(dá)所要回答問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵句子。 第三步 通篇尋讀，確定段落。 也就是帶

4、著問(wèn)題去讀，找到要回答問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵詞、句或意群，以及任何有關(guān)答題的信息，用鉛筆畫(huà)下來(lái)，以便為下一步答題做好充分準(zhǔn)備。 第四步 逐條分析，對(duì)號(hào)入座。 把需要回答的問(wèn)題和尋讀中找到的信息逐條分析，對(duì)號(hào)入座。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，出題者問(wèn)題設(shè)計(jì)都是按照文章內(nèi)容自上到下順序設(shè)計(jì)的，根據(jù)難度先解決容易的，最后解決深層次的理解題。 第五步 復(fù)讀全文，驗(yàn)證答案。 全部題目做完后，必須再仔細(xì)閱讀一遍全文，進(jìn)一步加深對(duì)文章理解，核實(shí)所選答案是否正確。 二、閱讀理解解題技巧 題型 題型一：細(xì)節(jié)理解題 解釋 本類(lèi)試題主要考察學(xué)生對(duì)閱讀材料中的某一特定細(xì)節(jié)或文章的主要事實(shí)的理解能力。問(wèn)題包括詢問(wèn)人（who

5、）、物（what）、時(shí)間（when）、地點(diǎn)（where）、原因（cause）、結(jié)果（effect）、文中的數(shù)據(jù)（data）等。新聞、說(shuō)明文、廣告信息等常?？疾爝@些細(xì)節(jié)。 設(shè)題方式 1. Which of the following statements is true/false? 2. Which of the following is (not) mentioned? 3. According to the passage, when( where, why, how, who, etc)…? 解題技巧 1. 細(xì)心審題，直接就題找答案 2. 變通理解，間接轉(zhuǎn)述找答案 3.

6、多點(diǎn)歸納，綜合事實(shí)找答案 典題練習(xí) 1. Auggie lives with his parents and sister in New York. He is a normal boy in many ways. He rides a bike and likes playing with his Xbox. But Auggie has deformities(畸形）of the face and looks very different from other children. At the start of the book, he tells us "My name is Aug

7、ust. I won't describe what I look like. Whatever you're thinking, it’s probably worse. " In the street, people look at Auggie and are frightened.（北京東城一模C篇） How is Auggie different from other boys? A. His name is special. B. His face shape is not normal. C. He doesn’t go to school. D.

8、He likes playing with his Xbox. 2. It’s not a joke, nor have the Canadians gone mad. They are using these chickens to see if the West Nile virus (病毒) is still around. The virus infects birds, so the chickens have a chance of catching the virus and fall ill. The West Nile virus is spread among hum

9、ans. It killed seven people in New York last year.（北京海淀一模C篇） Why are Canadian officials placing chickens along the border? A. To help clean up the border. B. To see if the virus is still around. C. To protect the chickens from falling ill. D. To make sure that the birds can fi

10、nd food. 3. Few of us have heard of Nils Bohlin, but whenever we take a car journey his invention makes us safer. Found in almost every modem car, the three-point seat belt reduces our chances of death or injury (傷害）by at least 50% . While feeling thankful to this engineer from Volvo, you may al

11、so wonder how he came up with such a great idea.（北京朝陽(yáng)一模C篇） Three-point seat belts reduce chances of death or injury by at least_________. A. 10% B. 30% C. 40% D. 50% 參考答案：B B D 題型 題型二：推理判斷題 解釋 推理判斷題著重考察學(xué)生的邏輯思維能力，即要求學(xué)生根據(jù)文章的邏輯關(guān)系進(jìn)行推理判斷。此類(lèi)題目難度大，涉及面廣，如人物的性格、心理，故事的結(jié)局、寓意，文章的出處、體裁，作

12、者的傾向、態(tài)度等。 設(shè)題方式 1. It can be inferred from the text that_____. 2. From the text we know that _____. 3. With which of the following does the author agree? 4. The passage is probably taken from a _____. 解題技巧 1. 通過(guò)文章陳述的事實(shí)進(jìn)行推斷 2. 根據(jù)文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，動(dòng)作和語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行推斷 3. 根據(jù)作者的意圖和態(tài)度進(jìn)行推斷 典題練習(xí) 1. However, s

13、omehow it seems rude or perhaps makes people feel that you're upset to say to people “ I'm going to go and spend some time by myself. ” And often when we are spending time ‘a(chǎn)lone’ , we are actually connected with a piece of electrical equipment. We try to make something into a or a Tweet to attract

14、 our friends, or we scroll (滾屏) through nosing into other people’s lives or seeing what friends are up to. We judge ourselves and other people by the photos they put online, so we can tell how much fun they are having compared to us. This is an age when we can get so much surface information about

15、other people's lives, but being wrapped（包裹） up in what other people are doing or always thinking about other people’s recognition (認(rèn)可) of us can be quite unhealthy. Perhaps these days forget about the simple pleasure of spending time just for us.（北京東城一模D篇） The writer agrees . A. It’s important to

16、 know what other people think of us B. its harmful to always compare ourselves with others C. technology helps us to judge and improve ourselves D. technology helps us to know about other people clearly 2. “Perfectionist kids are often driven by parents.” As a parent, see whether you are pushi

17、ng your child to feel like she can't make a single mistake. Do you talk about top schools every day? Do you make a huge deal out of a grade that isn't an A? “You can ask your child, ‘Why do you think you have to get straight A's?”, Frank says. There's more to life. Parents can offer their children o

18、pportunities to have fun. “Model hard work, relaxation, laughter, and joy,” he says.“It's not what you say to kids, it's how you live.”（北京東城二模D篇） What suggestion does the writer give to the parents of perfectionist children? A. Choosing top schools for their children. B. Doing something enjoyable

19、 with their children. C. Preventing their children from making mistakes. D. Offering a lot of help with their children's study. 3. While there are clearly both advantages and disadvantages when it comes to Apple’s latest invention, I personally like my single-purpose watch that simply tells me

20、the time! What about you? Would you be interested in having a smart watch?（北京海淀二模C篇） From the passage, we can learn that the writer _______. A. worries about the safety of the smart watch B. thinks highly of the progress of technology C. introduces the newest kind of smart phones D. prefers

21、 single-purpose watches that tell the time 參考答案：B B D 題型 題型三：詞義猜測(cè)題 解釋 單詞的猜測(cè)能力是閱讀理解能力的主要組成部分，是考查對(duì)文中關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)的理解。而且，所考察的詞或短語(yǔ)的意義往往不停留在字面上，要根據(jù)文中語(yǔ)境來(lái)判斷。 設(shè)題方式 1. The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means ______. 2. The word“…”most likely means _____. 3. Which of the following is c

22、losest in meaning to the word _____. 解題技巧 1. 通過(guò)因果關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義 2. 通過(guò)同義詞和近、反義詞的關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義 3. 通過(guò)構(gòu)詞法猜測(cè)詞義 4. 通過(guò)定義或釋義說(shuō)明來(lái)猜測(cè)詞義 5. 通過(guò)描述猜測(cè)詞義 6. 用知識(shí)和生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)猜測(cè)詞義 7. 根據(jù)上下文的指代關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義 典題練習(xí) 1. These days there are lot of possibilities to be always connected to family and friends. Now that I have just moved lo France, t

23、his can be very convenient. I can ring my sister who lives in Los Angeles on Viber, or I can Skype my parents or friends back in England for a chat. However, sometimes the convenient and dependability of technology can be intrusive.（北京東城一模D篇） What does the underlined word “intrusive” probably mean?

24、 A. Interruptive B. Helpful. C. Unsatisfactory. D. Important. 2. In all these cases to keep up good neighborliness, some understanding between the neighbors is important. Small differences can be easily patched up or worked out. Try to be friendly and the problem will not be difficult to s

25、olve. Care can at times play a good part and help the neighbors in a small or big way. Nobody is perfect and it is better not to speak ill of your neighbors. A cheerful word, a nod or a small talk will strengthen the feeling of good neighborliness. What does the sentence “Small differences can be

26、easily patched up or worked out.” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? （北京海淀一模D篇） A. Praising others can help to be good neighbors. B. Unimportant disagreement can be easily solved. C. One can easily make good use of small arguments. D. Nobody can be perfect enough to speak ill of others. 3. Both

27、 companies and individuals（個(gè)人）can benefit from telework. One benefit for companies is that it can save money. It can also help improve morale. This is because workers who have choices about how they work are often happier. If workers are happier, they are likely to do better jobs. This is good for t

28、he company. As for individuals, they can save money by cutting down their transportation costs. They also save time because they do not have to go to the office every day. Depending on how often they work from home, telecommuters can save between 15 and 25 workdays every year.（北京東城二模C篇） What does t

29、he underlined word “morale” probably mean? A. Health. B. Abilities. C. Spirits. D. Wealth. 參考答案：A B C 題型 題型四：主旨大意題 解釋 考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章主題或中心思想的領(lǐng)會(huì)和理解能力。 設(shè)題方式 1. 問(wèn)標(biāo)題：What is the main topic of the passage? / The best title for the passage is _____. 2. 問(wèn)中心：The first paragraph is main

30、ly about the _____. / The passage is mostly about _____. 3. 問(wèn)目的，態(tài)度：The author wants to tell _____. / The purpose of this article is to _____. 解題技巧 1. 瀏覽文章首尾段和各段開(kāi)頭，抓住主旨段或主旨句 2. 瀏覽全文，抓住關(guān)鍵字眼，把握主旨 3. 以掌握主旨為前提，處理推斷作者語(yǔ)氣及寫(xiě)作意圖 典題練習(xí) 1. Is this a smart invention or technology gone too far? While the Ap

31、ple watch is stylish in appearance, I can’t help but question certain aspects（方面）of the new device. Is it a positive thing to be able to receive messages through a watch, or is this another way of letting technology upset our social lives?（北京海淀二模C篇） What is probably the best title for this passage?

32、 A. The Apple Watch：The Latest Invention B. The Apple Watch：Smart and Fashionable C. The Apple Watch：Technology Gone Too Far? D. The Apple Watch：A Convenient Way to Exercise? 2. Having said all that, I also think that spending too much time by yourself can separate you from others. I suppose

33、it is important to find a good balance between spending valuable time by yourself and with other people.（北京東城一模D篇） What’s the best title for the passage? A. Is technology really good for us? B. How can we keep in touch with others? C. What is the best way to enjoy ourselves? D. Do w

34、e spend enough time truly by ourselves? 2015 has been decided to be the Year of Festivals in Malaysia—so there’s never been a better time to visit Malaysia than now. Just turn the page to see some of the important events taking place over the next 12 months. And for more information on traveling

35、to Malaysia, please visit www.tourism.gov.my. （北京朝陽(yáng)二模C篇） What is the writer’s purpose in the passage? A. To encourage us to visit Malaysia. B. To report some interesting festivals. C. To share his own experience. D. To introduce a foreign country. 參考答案：C D A 語(yǔ)篇練習(xí) 北京中考閱讀理

36、解CD篇分類(lèi)練習(xí) 日常生活類(lèi) （北京中考C篇） Are You Right Handed or Left Handed? Which hand do you use when write? About 8 to 15 percent of people are left handed. They often have to use tools that are designed for right-handed people. So it is difficult for left-handers to use most tools. If you are right hand

37、ed, try this experiment: Take a knife with your left hand and try cutting a potato into pieces. Don’t be surprised if you feel awkward（別扭的）. In the past, people thought it was strange to use the left hand. Young students looked down upon their left-handed classmates. Some children were even pun

38、ished for using their left hand to write. But these days parents and teachers have accepted that. In almost every school in the world, left-handed students can use their left hand to write. What causes people to be left handed or right handed? Experts have searched long and hard on this. They c

39、onclude（得出結(jié)論） that left-handed people are left handed for the same reason that right-handed people are right handed. One out of every ten people just is a left-handed people are right handed. One out of every ten people just is a left-hander. It’s simply like the color of our eyes – some people have

40、 brown eyes, while some others have black eyes. However, may researchers think that left-handers and right-handers are different in some aspects. Right-handers are more talkative and outgoing than left-handers. Many right-handed people understand spoken words better. For example, after they lis

41、ten to directions to a supermarket, they can find it easily. Right-handers are good at organizing people, too. They are also better basketball guards. Just ask Yao Ming. Research shows that left-handers are creative and artistic. Many famous performers, like Jim Carrey and Paul McCartney, are l

42、eft handed. Many left-handers learn better visually（在視覺(jué)方面）. In art, both Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo were left handed. In music, Ludwig van Beethoven was left handed. In science, you find Newton and Einstein. The left-handed people are also really good at tennis and other single sports. If y

43、ou prefer one hand, but you are still good at writing with the other, you are mixed. Research shows mixed-handers can remember everyday things better than other people. What did you eat for lunch two weeks ago? If you’re mixed handed, you can probably remember. 1. If right-handers cut up potatoes w

44、ith their left hand, they will . A. get hurt B. give up cutting C. feel awkward D. change their tools 2. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A. Causes of being left handed. B. Encouragement to left-handers C. Punishment for using the left hand. D. Changes in opinions on left-hande

45、rs. 3. According to the passage, right-handers . A. learn better visually B. are good organizers C. are better at single sports D. give clear directions to others 4. From the passage, we can learn that left-handers . A. may be more talkative and outgoing B. are ordinary people like

46、right-handers C. might remember everyday things better D. no longer need to use right-handed tools 北京中考D篇 Should Children Be Allowed to Get Bored? Children need time to stand and stare. They should be allowed to get bored to that they can develop their ability to be creative. Children are ex

47、pected by their parents to be reading a textbook all the time. However, research shows that it may hamper the development of their imagination, while boredom can give them opportunities to develop creativity. Boredom is often linked with loneliness, but a writer named Meera Syal said boredom had he

48、lped her in developing her mind. She told researchers about her childhood. Having few things to do, Syal often talked with her neighbors. She also tried to do things like learning to bake cakes. “But importantly, I Thought and wrote a lot, because I was bored,” Syal said. She kept a diary, filling h

49、er time with short stories and poems she made up. Grayson Perry, an artist, grew up in a family with little money. He enjoyed himself by making up stories, drawing pictures for his stories and reading many books in the library. Bored but free, he spent hours looking out of the window, watching the

50、changing clouds and seasons. Perry filled up his free time with what he liked. He became creative, because he could think freely. Dr. Belton is an expert on the effects of emotions on learning. “Boredom could be an uncomfortable feeling,” she said. “But some young people cannot deal with that bored

51、om creatively. So sometimes they may break a classroom window, or drive a car out for a mad race.” Usually, when children have nothing to do, they would turn on the TV, the computer, or the phone. Their time on these things has increased, yet they need to have time to think about their experiences

52、through play or just watching the world around them. It is this kind of thinking that can inspire the imagination. On the other hand, the TV or phone may cut short the thinking process. That can be harmful to the development of creativity. “For developing the ability to be creative,” Dr. Belton adv

53、ised, “perhaps we need to stand and stare, and stay off-line from time to time.” 1. What does the word “hamper” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Slow down. B. Keep up with. C. Go beyond. D. Give rise to. 2. The writer talks about Syal and Perry to . A. stress the great differenc

54、es between them B. introduce a popular writer and a famous artist C. suggest good ways of going through boredom D. show effects of boredom on developing creativity 3. What can we learn from the passage? A. Boredom provides children with space to think freely. B. It’s much better for children t

55、o be busy than be bored. C. Boredom helps children deal with difficulties properly. D. It’s boring for children to think about their experiences. 北京東城一模C篇 Wonder is a book about a ten-year-old boy called August, or Auggie, who feels normal but looks very different. What’s Wonder about? Auggi

56、e lives with his parents and sister in New York. He is a normal boy in many ways. He rides a bike and likes playing with his Xbox. But Auggie has deformities(畸形）of the face and looks very different from other children. At the start of the book, he tells us "My name is August. I won't describe what I

57、 look like. Whatever you're thinking, it’s probably worse. " In the street, people look at Auggie and are frightened. Auggie has never been to school because he has spent a lot of time in hospital. His mother teaches him at home. But now he’s ten, she thinks he should go to school. At first, Auggie

58、 doesn’t want to go. He worries that other students will look at him and say terrible things. But when he visits a school with his mum, he likes the head teacher and decides to go. Auggie’s first year at school has good times and bad times. He makes some good friends but other children are rude to h

59、im. At the end of the year, Auggie goes on a school trip and a frightening event there changes things completely. Is it a good book? Wonder is an excellent book, It tells an exciting story that makes you feel many different emotions. It is easy to like Auggie. He has a good sense of humour, so the

60、 book has a good mix of funny and sad moments. But the book isn’t just about Auggie. We also learn what life for his sister, and his friend, Jack. Wonder is popular with people of all ages. Pre-teens, teenagers and adults all love the book. A bestseller Wonder is RJ Palacio’s first book. On her we

61、bsite, she explains that she had the idea for Wonder after seeing a girl with deformities on the street one day. Many schools use the book to start discussions about bullying, friendship and being different. The book is very popular and has won prizes. Many people are looking forward to seeing what

62、RJ Palacio writes next. 1. How is Auggie different from other boys? A. His name is special. B. His face shape is not normal. C. He doesn’t go to school. D. He likes playing with his Xbox. 2. Why doesn’t Auggie want to go to school at first? A. Because he has to stay in hospital

63、. B. Because his mother teaches better than teachers. C. Because he doesn’t think he should go to school. D. Because he is afraid other students may make fun of him. 3. What can we know about the book? A. It tells the story of a real family. B. Many schools use it to educate students. C. Adul

64、ts like the book more than children. D. The emotions of the story are hard to understand. 北京西城一模C篇 As kids, we learn how to write, maybe play a musical instrument and draw. So why don’t we learn to code(編碼) computer programs too? What coding has in common with writing, playing music and creatin

65、g art is that it lets you bring your ideas to life. Coding is all about creativity and that’s why I love it. Creating with code Coder Dojo helps young people around the world to learn computer programming for free. When I went to my first Coder Dojo class in Dublin City University in Ireland, at

66、age nine, I didn’t know anything about coding or even what it was. But I remember making my very first web page that first day, and being surprised that I could create such a thing. It was a great feeling that I think every young person should experience! By going to Coder Dojo every week, I learned how to make websites, apps and games. One of my apps is called Auto-Journalist. It can help journalists(記者) and interviewees do interviews even if they are both really busy or live i