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1、 Unit 4 Helping people around the world 李仕才 一、閱讀理解。 When it's five o'clock，people leave their office.The length of the workday，for many workers，is defined by time.They leave when the clock tells them they're done. These days，the time is everywhere：not just on clocks or watches，but on cellphones

2、 and computers.That may be a bad thing，particularly at work.New research shows that clock-based work schedules hinder morale(士氣)and creativity. Clock-timers organize their day by blocks of minutes and hours.For example：a meeting from 9 a．m.to 10 a．m.，research from 10 a．m.to noon，etc.On the other ha

3、nd，task-timers have a list of things they want to accomplish.They work down the list；each task starts when the previous task is completed.It is said that all of us employ a mix of both these types of planning. What，then，are the effects of thinking about time in these different ways？Does one make us

4、 more productive？Better at the tasks at hand？Happier? In experiments conducted by Tamar Avnet and Anne-Laure Sellier，they had participants organize different activities—from project planning，holiday shopping，to yoga—by time or to-do list to measure how they performed under “clock time” vs.“task time

5、”．They found clock-timers to be more efficient but less happy because they felt little control over their lives.Task-timers are happier and more creative，but less productive.They tend to enjoy the moment when something good is happening，and seize opportunities that come up. The researchers argue th

6、at task-based organizing tends to be undervalued and under-supported in business culture.Smart companies，they believe，will try to bake more task-based planning into their strategies. This might be a small change to the way we view work and the office，but the researchers argue that it challenges a w

7、idespread characteristic of the economy：work organized by clock time.While most people will still probably need，and be，to some extent，clock-timers，task-based timing should be used when they are performing a job that requires more creativity.It'll make those tasks easier，and the task-doers will be ha

8、ppier. 1．What is the way people often do their work according to the author? A．They give priority to the most urgent task on hand. B．They set a time limit for each specific task. C．They combine clock-based and task-based planning. D．They accomplish their tasks one by one. 2．What did the resear

9、chers find in their experiments on clock-timers? A．They tend to be more productive. B．They seize opportunities as they come up. C．They always get their work done in time. D．They have more control over their lives. 3．What is the researchers' opinion about today's business culture? A．It does not

10、 support the strategies adopted by smart companies. B．It attaches more importance to work efficiency than to workers' lives. C．It aims to bring employees' potential and creativity into full play. D．It does not lay enough emphasis on task-based practice. 4．From the passage，we can conclude that __

11、______. A．it is important to keep a balance between work and life B．task-based timing is preferred for doing creative work C．performing creative jobs tends to make workers happier D．a(chǎn) scientific standard should be adopted in job evaluation 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇對(duì)時(shí)鐘型和任務(wù)型兩種工作方式的研究報(bào)告。 【難句分析】While most peopl

12、e will still probably need，and be，to some extent，clock-timers，task-based timing should be used when they are performing a job that requires more creativity. 分析：本句中While引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，意思是“雖然”，相當(dāng)于although；when they are performing a job是when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句；that requires more creativity是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是a job。 譯文：雖然大多數(shù)

13、人仍然很可能在某種程度上需要或者成為時(shí)鐘計(jì)時(shí)型的人，但是他們?cè)谧鲂枰鄤?chuàng)造力的工作時(shí)還是應(yīng)當(dāng)使用任務(wù)型的時(shí)間安排。 1．C　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“It is said that all of us employ a mix of both these types of planning”可知，人們采用了這兩種方式的復(fù)合型工作方式，因此選項(xiàng)C“他們把時(shí)鐘型和任務(wù)型的計(jì)劃結(jié)合起來(lái)”是正確的。選項(xiàng)A、B和D的信息在文中無(wú)處可尋，所以都是錯(cuò)誤的。give priority to...意為“給……以優(yōu)先考慮”；on hand意為“在手邊”；set a time limit for...意為“

14、給……設(shè)定時(shí)限”。 2．A　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“They found clock-timers to be more efficient but less happy because they felt little control over their lives.Task-timers are happier and more creative，but less productive”可知，采用時(shí)鐘計(jì)時(shí)型工作方式的人效率更高，采用任務(wù)計(jì)時(shí)型工作方式的人更開心，但是效率較低。所以選A。 3．D　考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第五段首句“The researchers argue that

15、task-based organizing tends to be undervalued and under-supported in business culture”可知，研究人員認(rèn)為任務(wù)型的工作方式在商業(yè)文化中往往被低估并且缺乏支持。故選項(xiàng)D“它(商業(yè)文化)沒(méi)有充分強(qiáng)調(diào)任務(wù)型的實(shí)踐”正確。 4．B　考查推理判斷。根據(jù)末段中的“task-based timing should be used when they are performing a job that requires more creativity”可知，在做需要更多創(chuàng)造力的工作時(shí)還是應(yīng)當(dāng)使用任務(wù)型的工作方式。故選B項(xiàng)。根

16、據(jù)第四段中的“Task-timers are happier and more creative, but less productive”和末段的末句“It'll make those tasks easier, and the task-doers will be happier”可知，文中講述的是采用任務(wù)計(jì)時(shí)型工作方式的人更開心，且更有創(chuàng)造力，但并不意味著做有創(chuàng)造力的工作會(huì)讓人們更開心，所以選項(xiàng)C是錯(cuò)誤的；選項(xiàng)A和D的內(nèi)容在文中沒(méi)有提及，是主觀臆斷，因此也是錯(cuò)誤的。 二、單項(xiàng)填空 1.Nowadays, few people develop the habit of keeping

17、a supply of oil-lamps in the house in case of power _______. A. failure B. absence C. lack D. drop 【答案】C 【解析】 句意： 如今， 很少有人為了防能源短缺， 養(yǎng)成保存油燈供應(yīng)的習(xí)慣。 lack 缺少； failure 失?。?absence 缺席；drop 落下。故 C 正確。 2.Fitness is important in sport, but of at least _______ importance are skills. A. fair B. reasonable

18、 C. equal D. proper 【答案】C 【解析】 句意： 強(qiáng)健的身體在體育運(yùn)動(dòng)中很重要， 但是至少同樣重要的還有體育技能。 fair 公平的； reasonable 合理的；equal 相等的，平等的；proper 合適的。 3.Most of the people present at the meeting think poorly of the proposal, which they think will ________ the worsening of the environment. A. adapt to B. refer to C. subscribe

19、 to D. contribute to 【答案】D 【解析】句意：大多數(shù)與會(huì)者都不看好這一提議，他們認(rèn)為它會(huì)導(dǎo)致環(huán)境的惡化。contribute to“導(dǎo)致， 是……的原因之一”，符合句意。adapt to 適應(yīng)；refer to 參與，指的是；subscribe to 訂閱，贊同。 4.A great part of the information I have was _______ by looking up something and finding something else on the way. A. requested B. acquired C. exchan

20、ged D. presented 【答案】B 【解析】requested 要求；acquired 獲得；exchanged 交換；presented 提出，提供。句意：我的大部分知識(shí) 都是這樣獲得的：在尋找某個(gè)資料時(shí)意外的獲得了另外的資料。 5.Chinese president Xi Jinpin said that China attaches great importance to _______ relations with the United Kingdom, and that deepening the China-U.K. relationship is the fu

21、ndamental _______ of both countries and people. A. strengthening; benefits B. extending; profits C. expanding; interests D. developing; aspects 【答案】C 【解析】句意：中國(guó)國(guó)家主席習(xí)近平說(shuō)中國(guó)注重發(fā)展與英國(guó)的關(guān)系，同時(shí)加深中英關(guān)系也是兩國(guó)及其人 們的根本利益所在。第一空：strengthen 加強(qiáng)；extend 延伸，expand 擴(kuò)張，發(fā)展；develop 發(fā)展。 第二空上：benefits 好處，益處；profits 利潤(rùn)；inte

22、rests 利益；aspects 方面。 6.—Must I finish the report tonight? —It’s not _______. You can do it next week. A. important B. serious C. urgent D. nervous 【答案】C 【解析】important 重要的；serious 嚴(yán)肅的，認(rèn)真的；urgent 緊急的；nervous 緊張的。句意：我必須今晚 完成報(bào)告嗎？不著急。你可以下周做。 7.As there is less coal and oil, scientists are explorin

23、g new ways of making use of _______ energy, such as sunlight, wind, and water for power and fuel. A. primary B. alternative C. instant D. unique 【答案】B 【解析】primary 初級(jí)的；alternative 可供選擇的；instant 立刻的；unique 獨(dú)特的。句意：由于煤和油較 少，科學(xué)家們正在探索更好的辦法來(lái)利用可供選擇的能源，如太陽(yáng)能，風(fēng)和風(fēng)能來(lái)發(fā)電。 8.Every possible means _______, but

24、it seems that nothing will prevent the situation from getting worse. A. has tried B. have tried C. has been tried D. have been tried 【答案】C 【解析】every possible means 每一種可能的方法，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式，且 means 與 try 之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān) 系，故 C 項(xiàng)正確。句意：每一種可能的方法都被試過(guò)了，但好像沒(méi)有什么能阻止這種狀況的每 況愈下。 9.Now that the banks are back on their f

25、eet, we expect extraordinary _______ from them to help rebuild the economy. A. commitment B. appointment C. instrument D. requirement 【答案】A 【解析】 commitment 承諾， 許諾； appointment 任命， 約會(huì)， 職務(wù)， 職位； instrument 儀器， 樂(lè)器； requirement 要求。句意：現(xiàn)在，銀行業(yè)恢復(fù)了往日的神采，我們希望銀行能夠做出重大承諾來(lái)幫助重振國(guó) 家的經(jīng)濟(jì)。 10.Many people have ap

26、plied for a job with our company, but we only have one or two _______ positions at the moment. A. empty B. vacant C. permanent D. adequate 【答案】B 【解析】考查形容詞。empty 空的，空洞的，空閑的，無(wú)效的；vacant 空閑的，空虛的，空缺的；permanent 永久的；adequate 充分的。句意：許多人申請(qǐng)我們公司的崗位，但是我們目前僅僅有一兩個(gè)空缺 的崗位。故答案選 B。 11.In our childhood, we were

27、 often _______ by Grandma to pay attention to our table manners. A. demanded B. reminded C. allowed D. hoped 【答案】B 【解析】demand 命令；remind 提醒；allow 允許；hope 希望。句意：在我們小時(shí)候，奶奶經(jīng)常提醒我們 注意餐桌禮儀。 12.It was foolish of him to _______ his notes while taking such an easy test, and as a result, he got punished.

28、 A. refer to B. speak of C. cheat in D. take out 【答案】A 【解析】refer to 提到，談到，查閱，參考；speak of 談到，講到；take out 清除，獲取，把……帶出去， 邀請(qǐng)(某人)外出。句意：對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)在這樣簡(jiǎn)單的考試中看筆記本真是愚蠢。結(jié)果他受到了懲罰。 13.When I was in high school, Dad retired and _______ a food stand on the street near my school. A. took up B. set up C. brought up D

29、. picked up 【答案】B 【解析】set up 建立，搭建。take up 從事；bring up 提出；pick up 拾起，學(xué)會(huì)。句意：我上高中時(shí)爸爸退 休了，在我學(xué)校附近的街上擺了一個(gè)食品攤。 14.—Why haven’t you finished your work? —The computer system _______ suddenly when I was searching for information on the Internet. A. broke down B. broke out C. broke up D. broke in 【答案】A

30、 【解析】句意：“你為什么沒(méi)有完成你的工作的??？”“當(dāng)我在網(wǎng)上搜索信息的時(shí)候，電腦系統(tǒng)突然出 毛病了?！眀reak down 發(fā)生故障，符合句意。 15.You know, he doesn’t _______ money. His unhappiness is for _______ courage to face the fact. A. lack of, lack B. lack, lack of C. lack, shortage of D. lack of, a shortage of 【答案】B 【解析】lack 作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后面直接跟名詞；for lack of 意

31、為“缺少”，其中 lack 為名詞。句意：你是 知道的，他并不缺錢。他的不快樂(lè)是因?yàn)槿狈γ鎸?duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)的勇氣。 16.—Do you think he is the only person for the job? —I’m not quite sure but he’ll prove _______ to the task. A. equal B. essential C. special D. superior 【答案】A 【解析】equal 相當(dāng)?shù)模?力量、勇氣、能力等方面)能勝任的；essential 重要的，本質(zhì)的；special 特別的， 專門的；superior 優(yōu)秀的。

32、be equal to (doing) sth.“能勝任”。句意：“你認(rèn)為他是這個(gè)工作的唯 一人選嗎？”“我不十分肯定。但他終會(huì)勝任這份工作的?！? 17.The success of Beijing Olympic Games _______ the growth of economy in China. A. refers to B. sticks to C. appeals to D. contributes to 【答案】D 【解析】refer to 參考；stick to 堅(jiān)持；appeal to 吸引；contribute to 有助于。句意：北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)的成功舉辦 有助于

33、中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長(zhǎng)。 18.As more of China’s growing legions of millionaires _______ acquire a taste for fine wine , their demand looks set to maintain the momentum of rising prices for some years to come. A. require B. absorb C. acquire D. attain 【答案】D 【解析】acquire a taste for sth.喜歡，青睞。句意：隨著越來(lái)越多的中國(guó)百萬(wàn)富翁對(duì)紅酒的青

34、睞，這種需求 基本上保證了未來(lái)幾年紅酒價(jià)格上漲的勢(shì)頭。 三、完形填空。 I started serving the homeless when I was eight years old. I didn’t know these people would make such a big difference in my 1 ． Twice a month I go to the church and help get things ready for 2 . When the gate is opened，people come in 3 to get drinks. The

35、y take their seats while breakfast is 4 ， and then we begin to 5 . We each take two plates and carry them 6 the line as the plates are 7 . Each person receives several kinds of foods. I walk to the tables and 8 the plates before them. After I’ve served them，I ask if they need 9 else and brin

36、g them whatever they ask for. When I first started serving，I was a little 10 . At first I stayed close to my mom most of the time，but after I got to know these strangers，I 11 that they were friendly people. And the 12 of them was often nicer than the outside.I realized that there was no 13 to

37、 be scared. After serving for a few months，I started to 14 seeing the same people each week. All of these people make my day much 15 . The past two years has made a big 16 in my life. I do this 17 it is the right thing to do. When I serve people，I want them to know that someone 18 them and t

38、hat they matter. Serving makes me happy, but even more 19 ，it teaches me to love and 20 others and helps make the world a better place. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文是一篇記敘文?！拔摇蓖ㄟ^(guò)自己八歲跟隨媽媽到教堂做慈善活動(dòng)的親身經(jīng)歷，感悟到了人生的意義。 1．A.study　　　　　　　 B．work C．family D．life D　解析：首先空處所在句是全文的主旨句，又根據(jù)文章最后一段第二句可知，這些人對(duì)“我”的人生(life)產(chǎn)生了巨大的影響。故選D

39、項(xiàng)。 2．A.breakfast B．brunch C．lunch D．dinner A　解析：根據(jù)下文的breakfast可知，此處應(yīng)該是為早餐(breakfast)做準(zhǔn)備工作。故選A項(xiàng)。 3．A.secretly B．quickly C．slowly D．separately B　解析：根據(jù)生活常識(shí)可知，肯定是快速地(quickly)進(jìn)教堂來(lái)取飲料。故選B項(xiàng)。 4．A.ordered B．enjoyed C．prepared D．tasted C　解析：根據(jù)空處所在句句意可知，我們準(zhǔn)備早飯時(shí)，他們坐下來(lái)。故選C項(xiàng)。 5．A.eat B．serve C．l

40、eave D．try B　解析：根據(jù)第一段的“I started serving the homeless”可知，我們侍候無(wú)家可歸者，為他們提供飯菜。故選B項(xiàng)。 6．A.before B．beyond C．a(chǎn)bove D．a(chǎn)long D　解析：此處表示：我們每個(gè)人拿兩個(gè)盤子，沿著座位給他們端上食物。before“在……面前”；beyond“超出……的范圍”；above“在……上方”；along“沿著……旁邊”。故選D項(xiàng)。 7．A.emptied B．washed C．filled D．dried C　解析：根據(jù)句意可知，當(dāng)盤子被盛滿(filled)食物的時(shí)候我們才把盤子

41、端給無(wú)家可歸者。故選C項(xiàng)。 8．A.make B．set C．fix D．show B　解析：根據(jù)空前的“I walk to the tables”可知，“我”應(yīng)該是把盤子放置(set)在他們的餐桌上。故選B項(xiàng)。 9．A.nothing B．everything C．what D．a(chǎn)nything D　解析：根據(jù)空處所在句句意可知，“我”詢問(wèn)他們是否還有其他需要。故選D項(xiàng)。 10．A.surprised B．embarrassed C．scared D．puzzled C　解析：根據(jù)上下文可知，剛開始時(shí)“我”有點(diǎn)害怕(scared)。下文的“to be scare

42、d”也是提示。 11．A.realized B．a(chǎn)dmitted C．claimed D．swore A　解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，隨著“我”對(duì)這些人的深入了解，“我”意識(shí)到他們是友善的。realize“意識(shí)到”；admit“承認(rèn)”；claim“聲稱”；swear“發(fā)誓”。故選A項(xiàng)。 12．A.past B．inside C．surface D．front B　解析：根據(jù)空后的“nicer than the outside”可知，空處應(yīng)用outside的反義詞inside。故選B項(xiàng)。 13．A.way B．doubt C．reason D．wonder C　解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)

43、境可知，這些人都很友好，“我”沒(méi)有理由(reason)感到害怕。故選C項(xiàng)。 14．A.get tired of B．take charge of C．get down to D．look forward to D　解析：根據(jù)上文“我”情感的變化可知，做了幾個(gè)月后，“我”每周都期待(look forward to)與這些人見(jiàn)面。get tired of“對(duì)……厭倦，厭煩”；take charge of“負(fù)責(zé)”；get down to“著手”。故選D項(xiàng)。 15．A.better B．further C．busier D．easier A　解析：根據(jù)上文“我”每周期待與這些人見(jiàn)面

44、可推知，“我”的生活每周因他們變得更好(better)。故選A項(xiàng)。 16．A.success B．difference C．profit D．fortune B　解析：此句與文章第一段第二句中的“make such a big difference”呼應(yīng)，故選B項(xiàng)。 17．A.because B．if C．once D．though A　解析：根據(jù)上下文邏輯關(guān)系可知，空處前后有因果關(guān)系。故選A項(xiàng)。 18．A.relies on B．goes after C．cares about D．looks for C　解析：care about“在乎，關(guān)心”；rely on

45、“依靠，依賴”；go after“追求，追逐”；look for“尋找”。此處表示“我想讓他們知道有人關(guān)心他們并且他們很重要”。故選C項(xiàng)。 19．A.necessarily B．interestingly C．honestly D．importantly D　解析：importantly “重要地”，necessarily “必要地”，interestingly “有趣地”；honestly “誠(chéng)實(shí)地”。根據(jù)空前的“Serving makes me happy, but even more”可知，importantly更符合語(yǔ)境，故選D項(xiàng)。 20．A.respect B．forg

46、ive C．inspire D．protect A　解析：forgive“原諒”；inspire“激發(fā)”；protect“保護(hù)”。由語(yǔ)境可知，只有respect符合，故選A項(xiàng)。 四、短文改錯(cuò)。 May I have you attention，please？I had something important to tell you.Our school will organize a visit the National Museum of China on Saturday morning，December 10.The National Museum of China，where

47、 lies to the east of Tian’anmen Square，covers an area of about 70，000 square meter.We will gather at a school gate and starting out at 7：30 in the morning.Our visit starts at 8 o’clock but it will last three hours.Please take up your notebooks and pens with you.In addition，during the visit，please ke

48、ep quietly. Do remember 7：30，Saturday morning at the school gate.That’s all.Thank you. 答案： May I have attention，please？I something important to tell you.Our school will organize a visit the National Museum of China on Saturday morning，December 10.The National Museum of China， lies to the east

49、of Tian’anmen Square，covers an area of about 70，000 square .We will gather at school gate and out at 7：30 in the morning.Our visit starts at 8 o’clock it will last three hours.Please take your notebooks and pens with you.In addition，during the visit，please keep . Do remember 7：30，Saturday morning at the school gate.That’s all.Thank you. 12