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1、 Understanding each other 李仕才 一、閱讀理解。 Flaubert had it that “one way of tolerating existence is to lose oneself in literature as in an unending party”．It turns out that reading doesn't only help us to tolerate existence，but actually lengthens it. A recent study by Yale University researchers，pub

2、lished online in the journal Social Science & Medicine，concluded that “book readers experienced a 20 percent reduction in the risk of death over the 12 years of follow-up compared to non-readers”． The data was obtained from the study sponsored by the National Institute on Aging.The study looked at

3、3,635 subjects，all older than 50，whom the researchers divided into three groups：those who didn't read books，those who read up to 3.5 hours a week and those who read more than 3.5 hours a week. The findings were remarkable：on average，book readers survived almost two years longer than those who didn'

4、t crack open a book.The more the subjects read，the longer they lived，but as little as 30 minutes a day was still beneficial in terms of survival. Accounting for factors such as education level，income and health status，the study found that those who read more than 3.5 hours weekly were 23 percent le

5、ss likely to die during that 12-year period.Those who read up to 3.5 hours—an average of a half hour a day—were 17 percent less likely. “In other words，just like a healthy diet and exercise，books appear to promote a significant survival advantage，” the authors concluded. Why or how that's_the_case

6、 remains unclear；the research showed only an association between book reading and longevity，not a causal relationship.But the findings are not so surprising.Other recent research showed that reading novels appears to increase both brain connectivity and sympathy. 1．Why does the author mention Flaub

7、ert's words in the first paragraph? A．To stress the value of reading. B．To compare reading with a party. C．To introduce the study on reading. D．To support the findings of the study. 2．From the text，what can we learn about the study? A．No similar study on reading has been carried out. B．The pr

8、ocess of the study lasted more than ten years. C．It shows readers live two years longer than non-readers. D．It shows time spent on reading increases one's love for it. 3．What do the underlined words“that's the case”probably mean? A．Reading books enables people to live longer. B．Reading is simil

9、ar to a healthy diet and exercise. C．Reading books is closely associated with longevity. D．Reading increases brain connectivity and sympathy. 4．Where can we most probably read this text? A．https：// B．https：// C．https：// D．http：//www.thebookbag.co.uk/Book_Recommendations. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，閱讀和長(zhǎng)壽有一定的

10、聯(lián)系，閱讀者的平均壽命比不讀書(shū)的人長(zhǎng)將近兩歲。 【難句分析】The study looked at 3 , 635 subjects，all older than 50，whom the researchers divided into three groups：those who didn't read books，those who read up to 3.5 hours a week and those who read more than 3.5 hours a week. 分析：該句為主從復(fù)合句。句中whom the researchers divided into thre

11、e groups為whom引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句；who didn't read books以及who read up to 3.5 hours a week和who read more than 3.5 hours a week都為who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞those。 譯文：這項(xiàng)研究調(diào)查了3 635名年齡超過(guò)50歲的實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象，研究人員將他們分為三組：從來(lái)不讀書(shū)的人，每周閱讀3.5小時(shí)的人，每周閱讀超過(guò)3.5小時(shí)的人。 1．C　考查推理判斷。文章第一段引用福樓拜的名言說(shuō)明讀書(shū)的作用，接著第二段介紹了耶魯大學(xué)關(guān)于讀書(shū)與死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)之間關(guān)系的研究。據(jù)此可以判斷，引用福樓拜的名言旨在介紹對(duì)閱

12、讀的作用的研究，故C項(xiàng)正確。 2．B　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段最后一句中的“book readers experienced a 20 percent reduction in the risk of death over the 12 years of follow-up compared to non-readers”可知，在12年的跟蹤調(diào)查中發(fā)現(xiàn)，與不讀書(shū)的人相比，閱讀者的死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)降低了20%。據(jù)此可知，該項(xiàng)調(diào)查持續(xù)了十多年，故B項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)文中沒(méi)有提及；C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在two years longer than nonreaders，與第四段的第一句“The findings were re

13、markable：on average，book readers survived almost two years longer than those who didn't crack open a book”中的almost表述不符；D項(xiàng)文中沒(méi)有提及。 3．A　考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)上文中的“books appear to promote a significant survival advantage”及上文所述的研究結(jié)論“讀書(shū)可以延長(zhǎng)壽命”和該句“Why or how that's_the_case remains unclear；the research showed only an

14、association between book reading and longevity，not a causal relationship”可知，閱讀為什么以及以什么方式延長(zhǎng)讀者壽命，人們?nèi)匀徊磺宄?。?jù)此可知，畫(huà)線詞指代研究表明的“讀書(shū)可以延長(zhǎng)壽命”，故A項(xiàng)正確。 4．C　考查文章出處。通讀全文可知，本文主要說(shuō)明了閱讀和長(zhǎng)壽有一定的聯(lián)系，閱讀者的平均壽命比不讀書(shū)的人長(zhǎng)將近兩歲，閱讀能增強(qiáng)大腦的功能。據(jù)此可以判斷，本文屬于健康話題，因此最可能摘自健康網(wǎng)站，故C項(xiàng)正確。根據(jù)A項(xiàng)https：// /b/books/coming-soon可知，該網(wǎng)站介紹即將出版的新書(shū)；根據(jù)D項(xiàng)http：//w

15、ww.thebookbag.co.uk/Book_Recommendations可知，該網(wǎng)站主要推薦書(shū)籍。 二、單項(xiàng)選擇。 1.—I’m afraid I can’t go to the cinema with you. I’ve got a bad headache. —Oh, I am sorry. _______ take a couple of aspirins and lie down for a bit? You’ll be all right in half an hour. A. Why won’t you B. Why didn’t you C. Why don’

16、t you D. Why you not 【答案】C 【解析】Why don’t you 表示建議。句意： “我恐怕不能和你一起去看電影啦！我頭疼得很厲害。 ” “呵，對(duì)不起??！那你為什么不服用兩片阿司匹林躺會(huì)兒呢？半小時(shí)后你就會(huì)好的。 ” 2.If you have let yourself go, you should consider _______ something about it for the sake of your health.And I consider the advice of mine _______ you. A. to do, to benefit

17、 B. to have done, benefiting C. doing, to benefit D. doing, benefiting 【答案】C 【解析】第一個(gè) consider 作“考慮”解，后面應(yīng)該跟動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)。第二個(gè) consider 作“認(rèn)為”解，后面應(yīng)該跟不定式做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。句意：你以前要是對(duì)自己不管不顧，你現(xiàn)在就應(yīng)該為了自己的健康而考慮一下做些什么了。我認(rèn)為我的這條建議對(duì)你是有益處的。 3.He’s _______ is known as a “bellyacher” . He’s always complaining about some thing.

18、A. who B. whom C. what D. which 【答案】C 【解析】what is known as 意思是“大家所熟悉的，所謂的” 。what is known as a “bellyacher”在句中作表語(yǔ)，用于說(shuō)明 he 的身份、職業(yè)等。句意：他是那種大家所熟悉的牢騷滿腹的人總是怨這怨那。 4._______ here yesterday, he could have seen Jackie Chen. A. If Bob has come B. If Bob came C. Had Bob come D. If Bob should come 【答案】C 【

19、解析】句意：要是鮑勃昨天在這兒，他可能會(huì)看到成龍。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) yesterday 可知是對(duì)過(guò)去事實(shí)的假設(shè)，故用過(guò)去完成式，用 If Bob had come...，省略為 Had Bob come。 5.—Why didn’t Tom give you one of his stamps? —I didn’t want one, he would have given me one if I _______. A. did B. Would C. will D. had 【答案】D 【解析】根據(jù) would have given 可推測(cè)本句表示對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬， 所以 if 從句中應(yīng)使

20、用過(guò)去完成時(shí)(had done)， if I had 是 if I had wanted one 的省略形式。 6.If Susan _______ for ten more minutes at the party last night, she might have met Johnny Depp, the famous Hollywood star. A. stayed B. would stay C. had stayed D. would have stayed 【答案】C 【解析】句意：如果昨天晚上 Susan 在聚會(huì)上多停留十分鐘，她可能就遇見(jiàn)了好萊塢著名的明星，John

21、ny Depp。此處是 if 引導(dǎo)的非真實(shí)條件句，與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，所以條件句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)。 7.Grace doesn’t want to move to New York because she thinks if she _______ there, she wouldn’t be able to see her parents very often. A. lives B. would live C. has lived D. were to live 【答案】D 【解析】由 doesn’t want to move to New York 可知 Grace 還沒(méi)有去紐約，所以

22、句子應(yīng)該是對(duì)將來(lái)的虛擬。對(duì)將來(lái)的虛擬 if 條件狀語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)有三種形式：were to do /should do/did(were)，由此可知答案為 D 選項(xiàng) were to live。句意：格瑞斯不想移居到紐約，因?yàn)樗J(rèn)為如果住到那兒的話，她就不能夠經(jīng)?？吹剿母改噶?。 8.Sorry, I am too busy now. If I _______ time, I would certainly go for an outing with you. A. have had B. had had C. have D. had 【答案】D 【解析】根據(jù)上下文可知，這是對(duì)現(xiàn)在

23、情況的虛擬，if 從句用過(guò)去式，主句用 would+原形。句意：對(duì)不起，我現(xiàn)在太忙了。要是有時(shí)間的話，我肯定會(huì)和你一起去郊游的。 9.Were it not for the debt, we _______ a happy life. A. are living B. would live C. were living D. will live 【答案】B 【解析】省略 if 連接詞的條件狀語(yǔ)從句，因此助動(dòng)詞 were 提前放在句首。根據(jù) were 可以判斷這個(gè)句子是對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況進(jìn)行假設(shè)的虛擬句，因此主句用“would+動(dòng)詞原形” 。故選 B。句意：要不是負(fù)債的話，我們(現(xiàn)在)會(huì)過(guò)著幸福

24、生活的。 10.If you _______ the failed experiences, you would not have made such a mistake in your homework. A. refer to B. have referred to C. referred to D. had referred to 【答案】D 【解析】表示假設(shè)的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，用在對(duì)過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假定上，從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí) had+過(guò)去分詞，主句用would/should/might/could+have+過(guò)去分詞。refer to 是一個(gè)固定結(jié)構(gòu)，意思為查閱、參考。該句意思為：如果你參

25、考一下這些失敗經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)的話，你就不會(huì)在你的作業(yè)中犯下如此的錯(cuò)誤。 11.After arriving in New York, the Chinese college student found it rather hard to _______ living on his own. A. rely on B. bring up C. depend on D. adjust to 【答案】D 【解析】句意：到達(dá)紐約后這個(gè)中國(guó)大學(xué)生發(fā)現(xiàn)他獨(dú)自一個(gè)人生活很難適應(yīng)。adjust to 適應(yīng)；rely on 依靠；撫養(yǎng)，撫育；depend on 依靠，以……而定。 12.The projec

26、t manager as well as his team members hasn’t been _______ to us so far, which undoubtedly puts us at a disadvantage. A. popular B. consistent C. similar D. familiar 【答案】D 【解析】familiar 熟悉的；popular 流行的，受歡迎的；consistent 一致的；similar 類似的，相似的。句意： 到目前為止那個(gè)項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理和他團(tuán)隊(duì)的成員都不為我們所了解，這毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)讓我們處于劣勢(shì)。 13.Japan is fa

27、cing an aging population, with the population _______ from the current 127 million to 90 million. A. expecting to shrink B. expected to shrink C. expecting to have shrunk D. expected to have shrunk 【答案】B 【解析】“expect”與“the population”存在邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞；人口的縮減是將來(lái)的事，故用動(dòng)詞不定式。句意：日本正面臨人口老齡化的問(wèn)題，預(yù)計(jì)人口從目前的

28、1.27 億縮減至 9 千萬(wàn)。 14.Effective management and sincere apology will help to _______ the customers’ negative impression on the travel agency. A. bring about B. turn around C. account for D. set off 【答案】B 【解析】bring about 造成，引起，導(dǎo)致；turn around(使)好轉(zhuǎn)；account for 說(shuō)明(原因、理由等)，導(dǎo)致，引起；set off 出發(fā)，(使)開(kāi)始，引起，點(diǎn)燃。句

29、意：改變意見(jiàn)有效的管理和真誠(chéng)的道歉有助于扭轉(zhuǎn)客戶對(duì)旅行社的負(fù)面印象。 15.Our daughter doesn’t know what to _______ at the university; she can’t make up her mind about her future. A. take in B. take over C. take up D. take on 【答案】C 【解析】句意：我們的女兒不知道在大學(xué)里該做什么，對(duì)于她的未來(lái)她還沒(méi)有想好。take in 欺騙； 接受；理解； 吸收；take over 接任，接管； take up 開(kāi)始從事；占據(jù)；take on

30、呈現(xiàn)，根據(jù)句意可知 C 項(xiàng)正確。 三、完形填空。 The day before Christmas I pulled into a store parking lot and counted my money again. It wasn’t much. I　1　 being poor, not having enough to 　2　 my little children a few simple toys. As I was 　3　 I noticed the Salvation Army (救世軍) bell ringer at the 　4　. I felt bad again b

31、ecause I didn’t feel I could 　5　 anything to give him. I started walking towards the entrance 　6　 two cars entered empty parking spaces in front of me. The first was a 　7　, new Cadillac which became the 　8　 of me the moment I saw it. “How 　9　”I thought, “would it be to have enough money to buy a car

32、 like that! ” The second car, 　10　, was an ancient car shabbier than the one I was driving. A man got out of the Cadillac and hurried into the store　11　 past the bell ringer without a second 　12　. Out of the old car came a young mother with three little children following 　13　 behind her. Her clot

33、hes looked as 　14　 as her car, yet she stopped at the entrance and 　15　 a bill. In that second a(n)　16　 touched me, my envy and dislike 　17　 me, and all the love and joy filled me. I fished a bill out of my own purse, 　18　 it in the Salvation Army kettle, and wished the 　19　 a “Merry Christmas! ”?

34、Now I felt I was a poor man but rich on the　20　. After finding a few things for my kids, I drove home with my heart singing. 【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文, 講述了作者在去商店購(gòu)物的時(shí)候看到的一幕對(duì)作者震撼很大, 這讓作者領(lǐng)悟到貧窮并不可怕, 內(nèi)心富有才更重要。 1. A. regretted　 B. permitted 　C. escaped　 D. hated 【解析】選D。我討厭貧窮。hate 討厭, 痛恨。 2. A. make B. buy

35、 C. award D. lend 【解析】選B。沒(méi)有足夠的錢(qián)給我的孩子們買(mǎi)一些簡(jiǎn)單的玩具。buy 買(mǎi)。 3. A. pulling out B. settling in C. getting out D. cutting in 【解析】選C。這里指的是我從商店停車場(chǎng)出來(lái)。pull out 拉出; settle in 定居; get out 出來(lái); cut in 插話, 插入。 4. A. parking space B. entrance C. parking lot D. counter 【解析】選B。這里指的是從商店的停車場(chǎng)出來(lái)

36、去往商店的入口。at the entrance 在……入口。 5. A. spare B. split C. spend D. save 【解析】選A。我不能抽出任何東西給他。spare 分讓。 6. A. when B. since C. though D. if 【解析】選A。我開(kāi)始朝商店的入口走, 這時(shí)有兩輛車停在了我前面的空車位。這里表示同時(shí)發(fā)生。though盡管; since 因?yàn)? when 一……就……; if 如果。故選A。 7. A. sharp B. dull C. pure D. shiny 【解析】選D。

37、由后文的凱迪拉克可知, 這里應(yīng)該是耀眼的。sharp 尖銳的; dull遲鈍的; pure純潔的; shiny閃亮的。 8. A. target B. item C. envy D. bargain 【解析】選C。根據(jù)上下文, 我第一眼看到很是羨慕。target 目標(biāo); item 物品, 東西; envy 羨慕, 忌妒; bargain討價(jià)還價(jià)。 9. A. nice B. precious C. rare D. expensive 【解析】選A。如果有錢(qián)買(mǎi)一輛這樣的車該多好(nice)。nice 好的; precious 珍貴的;

38、 rare稀有的; expensive昂貴的。 10. A. therefore B. however C. anyhow D. besides 【解析】選B。本句話跟上一句是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系, 然而(however)第二輛車比我開(kāi)的還要破舊, 古老。therefore 因此; however然而; anyhow 不管怎樣; besides除此之外。 11. A. merely B. seldom C. hopefully D. right 【解析】選D。一個(gè)從凱迪拉克出來(lái)的人正好匆忙地從敲鐘人身邊走過(guò)。 merely 僅僅; seldom 很少;

39、hopefully 希望地; right正好。 12. A. smile B. nod C. glance D. wave 【解析】選C。這里指的是: 都沒(méi)有瞥一眼, 表示沒(méi)有看一下敲鐘人。 13. A. firmly B. closely C. casually D. bravely 【解析】選B。從破舊的車上下來(lái)的年輕婦女帶著三個(gè)孩子, 三個(gè)孩子緊跟在她的后面。firmly堅(jiān)定地; closely 緊緊地; casually 偶然地; bravely勇敢地。 14. A. worn out B. cast down C. tire

40、d out D. broken down 【解析】選A。她的衣服和她的車一樣破舊。wear out穿破; cast down扔掉; tire out 筋疲力盡; break down拋錨, 出故障。 15. A. paid B. passed C. donated D. rejected 【解析】選C。她停在了入口, 捐贈(zèng)了(那個(gè)敲鐘人)一些錢(qián)。pay支付; pass傳遞; donate捐贈(zèng); reject拒絕。 16. A. equality B. sympathy C. approval D. warmth 【解析】選D。

41、這里的意思是: 就在那一刻, 我感覺(jué)到了溫暖。equality平等; sympathy同情; approval支持; warmth溫暖。 17. A. left B. visited C. reached D. missed 【解析】選A。我沒(méi)有了羨慕和討厭, 意思是指羨慕和討厭離開(kāi)了我。 leave 離開(kāi); visit 參觀; reach 到達(dá); miss錯(cuò)過(guò)。 18. A. took B. handed C. dropped D. started 【解析】選C。我從錢(qián)包里拿出了錢(qián), 投在他的盒子里。take拿; hand 遞給; d

42、rop投, 擲; start開(kāi)始。 19. A. salesman B. bell ringer C. woman D. man driver 【解析】選B。這里是指祝福敲鐘人圣誕快樂(lè)。 20. A. wealth B. luck C. inside D. outside 【解析】選C。我現(xiàn)在雖然感覺(jué)貧窮, 但是內(nèi)心(inside)富有。wealth財(cái)富; luck 運(yùn)氣; inside內(nèi)心; outside外面。 四、七選五。 When apologizing, chances are that you’ve uttered th

43、e phrase, “I never meant to hurt you.” 1. In a talk, Caroline Myss, a spiritual seeker and researcher, took on the topic of forgiveness and healing. She explained why “I never meant to hurt you” is never a sufficient apology, no matter who it comes from. “Picture that person coming up to you a

44、nd saying, ‘I’m sorry I did this. 2. And can we just call it a day？’” Caroline says. As tempting as it can be to move on and bury the hatchet(和解), that type of apology won’t sit well with the person on the receiving end. “That whole little thing—‘I never meant to hurt you’—is the thing you can’t

45、 forgive，” she says. “That sick feeling goes right to your soul.” Instead, Caroline says it’s important to approach the conversation differently. Ultimately, it’s about offering more than an apology. 3. “Let’s redo the scene，” Caroline says.“The person comes up to you and says, ‘I need to tell

46、 you something. 4. It was guilt. I heard my conscience tell me not to do this but I didn’t listen. And I now know that my actions redirected the course of your life. This is not an apology. I am confessing(懺悔) my soul to you. 5. ’ ”Even saying those words on stages makes Caroline visibly emot

47、ional, and she points out that this is how deeply within the soul apologies are supposed to resonate. And that’s what heals. A．Here is my apology. B．But it doesn’t matter to you. C．I’m asking now for your forgiveness. D．I consciously knew what I was doing. E．But you know I never meant to hurt y

48、ou. F．It’s about sharing a soul-to-soul confession. G．However, it’s not a suitable way to apologize. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文援引了Caroline Myss的話向讀者闡明了用“我從沒(méi)想過(guò)要傷害你”來(lái)道歉是不夠的。 1．G　解析：根據(jù)下文的內(nèi)容尤其是“She explained why ‘I never meant to hurt you’ is never a sufficient apology, no matter who it comes from.”可知，此處講的應(yīng)是用“我從沒(méi)想過(guò)要

49、傷害你”這句話來(lái)道歉的不足，故G項(xiàng)“但是，這并不是一種合適的道歉的方法”符合語(yǔ)境。 2．E　解析：根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容可知，此處是Caroline Myss讓大家想象一下有人用“我從沒(méi)想過(guò)要傷害你”來(lái)向你道歉時(shí)的情景，故E項(xiàng)符合題意。 3．F　解析：根據(jù)上文的“it’s about offering more than an apology”以及下文的“This is not an apology. I am confessing(懺悔) my soul to you.”可知F項(xiàng)與之相呼應(yīng)，表示道歉應(yīng)該是心靈對(duì)心靈的懺悔。下文中的“within the soul”亦是提示。故選F。 4．D　解析：根據(jù)空后的“It was guilt. I heard my conscience tell me not to do this but I didn’t listen.”可知，此處講的應(yīng)該是當(dāng)時(shí)所做的錯(cuò)事方面的內(nèi)容，故D項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。 5．C　解析：根據(jù)上文中的“As tempting as it can be to move on and bury the hatchet(和解)．..”可知，向別人道歉的目的是獲得別人的諒解，故C項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。 11