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1、專題八　定語(yǔ)從句 基礎(chǔ)鞏固 Ⅰ.單句填空 1.(2018河北五個(gè)一聯(lián)盟二次聯(lián)考)There are many good websites　　　you can check out the latest in the science world.? 答案　where　句意:有許多好的網(wǎng)站,在上面你可以查閱科學(xué)界的最新內(nèi)容。先行詞為websites,將先行詞代入定語(yǔ)從句后為:You can check out the latest in the science world on the websites.,由此可見(jiàn)先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中與介詞on一起作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),故填關(guān)系副詞where。 2.(

2、2018湖北宜昌葛洲壩中學(xué)月考)Another saying which has come from the fable is “God helps those　　　help themselves”. ? 答案　who　句意:來(lái)自那則寓言的另外一個(gè)格言是“天助自助者”。先行詞是those,將先行詞代入定語(yǔ)從句后為:Those help themselves.,由此可見(jiàn)關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ),先行詞指“人”,故填who。 3.(2018福建廈門期末)Then Needham began his lifelong research,　　　ended up creating the great

3、est work—Science and Civilisation in China.? 答案　which　句意:后來(lái)Needham開(kāi)始了他畢生的研究,該研究最終成就了那本巨著——《中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)史》。根據(jù)設(shè)空處前的逗號(hào)可知設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句;先行詞為his lifelong research,將先行詞代入定語(yǔ)從句后為:His lifelong research ended up creating the greatest work—Science and Civilisation in China.,由此可見(jiàn)關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ),先行詞指“事物”,故填which。 4.(201

4、8山東煙臺(tái)期末)His interest started a few years ago,　　　he was in college and studying wildlife science.? 答案　when　句意:他的興趣開(kāi)始于幾年前,當(dāng)時(shí)他正在上大學(xué)研究野生動(dòng)物科學(xué)。先行詞為a few years ago,將先行詞代入定語(yǔ)從句后為:He was in college and studying wildlife science a few years ago.,由此可知關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),故填when。 5.(2018河北百校聯(lián)盟1月聯(lián)考)There are perhaps

5、40 million competitive table tennis players and many ordinary people　　　play less seriously.? 答案　who/that　句意:有大約4,000萬(wàn)名競(jìng)技型乒乓球選手,另有許多普通人以休閑方式打乒乓球。先行詞為many ordinary people,將先行詞代入定語(yǔ)從句后為:Many ordinary people play less seriously.,由此可見(jiàn)關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ),先行詞指“人”,故填who或that。 6.Pahlsson and her husband now think

6、the ring probably got swept into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, 　　　 it remained until the carrot's leafy top accidentally sprouted (生長(zhǎng)) through it.? 答案　where　空前的garden是先行詞,逗號(hào)之后為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),故用關(guān)系副詞where作為引導(dǎo)詞。 7.I live next door to a couple 　　　children often make

7、a lot of noise. ? 答案　whose　句意:我隔壁住著一對(duì)夫妻,他們的孩子經(jīng)常制造很多噪音。先行詞為a couple,將先行詞代入定語(yǔ)從句后可知關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ),故答案為whose。 8.We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, 　　　the weather may be better. ? 答案　when　句意:我們將把在公園的野餐推遲到下周,那時(shí)天氣可能會(huì)更好。先行詞為next week,將先行詞代入定語(yǔ)從句后可知關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),故答案為when。 9.English is

8、a language shared by several diverse cultures,each of　　　 uses it differently.? 答案　which　句意:英語(yǔ)是一種被好幾種不同的文化都使用的語(yǔ)言,而且每一種文化使用它的方式不同。設(shè)空處前后兩部分之間既沒(méi)有并列連詞也沒(méi)有從屬連詞,故后面部分應(yīng)為定語(yǔ)從句,又因?yàn)橄刃性~是cultures,且關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞of的賓語(yǔ),所以填which。 10.Students should involve themselves in community activities　　　they can gain experience

9、 for growth.? 答案　where　句意:學(xué)生應(yīng)該參加社區(qū)活動(dòng),他們從中能獲得成長(zhǎng)經(jīng)驗(yàn)。將先行詞community activities代入定語(yǔ)從句后為:They can gain experience for growth from community activities.,由此可知關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),故填where。? 11.Until now,we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children,　　　is quite unexpected.? 答案　which　句意:到目前為止,我們已經(jīng)為那些貧窮的孩子們籌款50,

10、000英鎊,這非常出乎(我們的)意料。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞是前面的內(nèi)容,關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ),所以填which。 12.We have launched another man-made satellite,　　　is announced in today's newspaper.? 答案　which　句意:我們又發(fā)射了一顆人造衛(wèi)星,這件事是在今天的報(bào)紙上宣布的。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞為前面的內(nèi)容,關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ),故用which引導(dǎo)。 13.John invited about 40 people to his wedding,mo

11、st of　　　are family members.? 答案　whom　句意:約翰邀請(qǐng)了大約40人參加他的婚禮,他們當(dāng)中絕大部分都是自家人。在定語(yǔ)從句中如果介詞放在關(guān)系代詞之前,且先行詞是“人”時(shí),從句中關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)用whom。 14.Happiness and success often come to those　　　are good at recognizing their own strengths.? 答案　who　句意:幸福和成功經(jīng)常青睞那些善于發(fā)現(xiàn)自身長(zhǎng)處的人。先行詞為those,將先行詞代入定語(yǔ)從句后為:Those are good at recognizing thei

12、r own strengths.,由此可見(jiàn),關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ),且指“人”,故用who。本題易誤填that。當(dāng)先行詞是指人的不定代詞,如:one,ones,anyone,those,all,nobody等時(shí),關(guān)系詞用who不用that。 Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò) 1.(2018山東日照一模)It's a black square suitcase, what is just as big as a school bag. ? 答案　what→which　句意

13、:那是一個(gè)黑色方形手提箱,恰好和書(shū)包一樣大。本題考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞為suitcase,指“物”,關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ),故需將what改為which。 2.(2018河南天一大聯(lián)考Ⅲ)When I was 12, I met Mary. She came to China with her parents, whom taught English in a university. ? 答案　whom→who　句意:當(dāng)我12歲時(shí),我遇到了瑪麗。

14、她和她父母一起來(lái)到了中國(guó),她父母在一所大學(xué)教英語(yǔ)。本題考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞為her parents;關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ),且先行詞指“人”,故將whom改為who。 3.I have an American friend, Marianne,she lives alone but has a pet dog, Sparky. ? 答案　she→who　句意:我有一位美國(guó)朋友Marianne,她獨(dú)自生活卻養(yǎng)了一條寵物狗Sparky。逗號(hào)不能連接

15、兩個(gè)句子,由此可見(jiàn)“she lives alone but has a pet dog, Sparky”應(yīng)為定語(yǔ)從句,關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ),且先行詞指“人”,故將she改為who。 4.Then a man came in with his son, whom wanted to buy ice cream, too. ? 答案　whom→who　句意:后來(lái)一個(gè)人帶著他的兒子走了進(jìn)來(lái),他也想買冰激凌?！皐hom wanted to buy ice c

16、ream, too”為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ),故用who而非whom。 5.The only reason that a man would sell salt at a lower price would be that he was desperate for money. ? 答案　第一個(gè)that→why　reason為先行詞,關(guān)系詞在從句中作原因狀語(yǔ),故用why引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。 6.We went to the Lincoln

17、 Memorial yesterday, when, not surprisingly, was crowded with visitors from all over the world. ? 答案　when→which　the Lincoln Memorial為先行詞,第一個(gè)逗號(hào)之后為分隔式定語(yǔ)從句,關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ),故用which作為引導(dǎo)詞,when應(yīng)改為which。 7.It is often the case with children,

18、Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived. ? 答案　It→As　先行詞為逗號(hào)之后的內(nèi)容,且關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ),而定語(yǔ)從句位于句首時(shí),只能用as引導(dǎo)。 【知識(shí)拓展】　as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)時(shí),可位于句首、句中或句尾,常有“正如,正像”之意,其常用結(jié)構(gòu)為:as anybody can see;as we know;as is well known;as often happens;as is reporte

19、d;as is often the case;as is mentioned above;as has been pointed out等。 8.Mr. White will come to the party on Sunday,when he promised to every one of us. ? 答案　when→which　逗號(hào)前的內(nèi)容為先行詞,關(guān)系詞在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ),故用which。 9.Tom tried to get out

20、 of the business,where he found impossible. ? 答案　where→which　先行詞為逗號(hào)前的內(nèi)容,關(guān)系詞在從句中作found的賓語(yǔ),故應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,where應(yīng)改為which。 10.About 200 Chinese businessmen left for Europe yesterday, when they would sign a series of deals worth up to 15 billion U.S. dollars. ? 答案　when→where　考查分隔式定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞為Europe,關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),故應(yīng)用where。 5