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1、閱讀理解專題特訓(xùn)14 　能力升級訓(xùn)練第18頁　? A (2019·全國Ⅱ卷,C) Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach’s Bar Louie counter by herself,quietly reading her e-book as she waits for her salad.What is she reading?None of your business! Lunch is Bechtel’s “me” time.And like more Americans,she’s not alone. A new report foun

2、d 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America.More than half (53 percent) have breakfast alone and nearly half (46 percent) have lunch by themselves.Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore,74 percent,according to statistics from the report. “I prefer to go out and be out.Alone,but toge

3、ther,you know?” Bechtel said,looking up from her book.Bechtel,who works in downtown West Palm Beach,has lunch with coworkers sometimes,but like many of us,too often works through lunch at her desk.A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder.She returns to work feeli

4、ng energized.“Today,I just wanted some time to myself,” she said. Just two seats over,Andrew Mazoleny,a local videographer,is finishing his lunch at the bar.He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he’s on a first-name basis if he wants to have a litt

5、le interaction(交流).“I reflect on how my day’s gone and think about the rest of the week,” he said.“It’s a chance for self-reflection.You return to work recharged and with a plan.” That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone.There was a time when people may have felt awkward a

6、bout asking for a table for one,but those days are over.Now,we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table.“It doesn’t feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology,” said Laurie Demeritt,whose company provided the statistics for the report. 【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章通過具體的數(shù)據(jù)和例子

7、說明,由于有智能手機相伴,單獨就餐已成為一種趨勢。 1.What are the statistics in Paragraph 2 about? A.Food variety.　 B.Eating habits. C.Table manners. D.Restaurant service. 答案:B 解析:推理判斷題。根據(jù)本段提到的數(shù)據(jù)以及“mealsareeatenaloneinAmerica”“havebreakfastalone”“havelunchbythemselves”以及“eatingtogether”可知,這些數(shù)字是關(guān)于飲食習(xí)慣的。 2.Why does Bech

8、tel prefer to go out for lunch? A.To meet with her coworkers. B.To catch up with her work. C.To have some time on her own. D.To collect data for her report. 答案:C 解析:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“LunchisBechtel’s‘me’time.”以及第三段的最后一句“Today,Ijustwantedsometimetomyself...”可知,她喜歡出去吃午飯是因為她想有一些屬于自己的時間。 3.What do

9、we know about Mazoleny? A.He makes videos for the bar. B.He’s fond of the food at the bar. C.He interviews customers at the bar. D.He’s familiar with the barkeeper. 答案:D 解析:推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“orchatupthebarkeeperwithwhomhe’sonafirst-namebasis”可知,他對酒吧的老板可以直呼其名,由此推測他們應(yīng)該很熟悉。 4.What is the text main

10、ly about? A.The trend of having meals alone. B.The importance of self-reflection. C.The stress from working overtime. D.The advantage of wireless technology. 答案:A 解析:主旨大意題。通讀全文,尤其是最后一段中的“Thatfreedomtochooseisonereasonmorepeopleliketoeatalone.”可知,本文主要介紹了人們單獨就餐的趨勢。故選A項。 B (2019·北京朝陽高三一模) Fl

11、yingHigh Barrington Irving made his historic flight and founded an educational non-profit-making organization.His message for kids:“The only thing that separates you from scientists is determination,hard work and a strong liking for what you want to achieve.” The secret,he believes,is having a drea

12、m in the first place,and that starts with learning experiences that inspire kids to build careers. The moment of inspiration for Irving came at the age of 15 in his parents’ bookstore.One customer,a professional pilot,asked Irving if he’d thought about becoming a pilot.“I told him I didn’t think I

13、was smart enough;but the next day he took me to the cockpit(駕駛艙) of the commercial airplane he flew,and just like that I was hooked.” To follow his dream,Irving turned down a football scholarship to the University of Florida.He washed airplanes to earn money for a flight school and increased his fl

14、ying skills by practising at home on a $40 flight simulator(模擬器) video game.Then another dream took hold:flying alone around the world.He faced more than 50 rejections for sponsorship before convincing some companies to donate aircraft components.He took off with no weather radar,no de-icing system,

15、and just $30 in his pocket.“I like to do things people say I can’t do.” After 97 days,26 stops and dozens of thunderstorms,he touched down to a cheering crowd in Miami.“It was seeing so many young people watching and listening that pushed me into giving back with my knowledge and experience.” Irvin

16、g has been doing it ever since.He set up his non-profit-making organization,Experience Aviation(航空),aiming to increase the numbers of youth in aviation and science-related careers.Kids attend programmes dealing with hands-on robotics projects and flight simulator challenges. “We want to create chan

17、ces for students to accomplish something amazing,” he notes.Perhaps Irving’s most powerful educational tool is the example his own life provides.After landing his record-breaking flight at age 23,he said,“Everyone told me I was so young that I didn’t have enough experience,strength,or knowledge.They

18、 told me it would take forever and I’d never come home.Well...guess what?” 【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了BarringtonIrving學(xué)習(xí)飛行、獨自一人飛越全球并成立公益組織傳播飛行知識及經(jīng)驗的故事。 1.According to Irving,what is the most important in achieving success? A.Meeting people who provide unexpected help. B.Getting a chance to study techni

19、cal knowledge. C.Having something specific that you want to accomplish. D.Developing communication with different organizations. 答案:C 解析:推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句“Thesecret,hebelieves,ishavingadreaminthefirstplace,andthatstartswithlearningexperiencesthatinspirekidstobuildcareers.”可知,Irving認(rèn)為最重要的是首先要有夢想,

20、也就是首先你要有自己迫切想要完成的具體事情。 2.What Irving replied to the pilot in the bookstore suggested that 　　　.? A.he felt embarrassed to refuse the offer B.he was doubtful about his own abilities C.he knew his efforts would be rewarded D.he realized immediately how lucky he was 答案:B 解析:推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第三句“Itoldhi

21、mIdidn’tthinkIwassmartenough”可知,Irving告訴對方自己可能不夠聰明,說明他懷疑自己的能力。 3.What can we learn about Irving in Paragraph 3? A.He chose to reduce his budget as low as possible. B.He was finally given enough money to keep going. C.He got the most useful flying tips from his video game. D.He took on a further

22、 challenge after he knew how to fly. 答案:D 解析:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第三句“Thenanotherdreamtookhold:flyingalonearoundtheworld.”可知,在學(xué)會飛行以后,他有了另外一個夢想:獨自飛越全球。 4.Why did Irving set up his non-profit-making organization? A.He hoped to become a public figure. B.He expected to start a business in other fields. C.He

23、 saw many people were interested in what he was doing. D.He thought he could teach more than flight schools could do. 答案:C 解析:推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第二句“Itwasseeingsomanyyoungpeoplewatchingandlisteningthatpushedmeintogivingbackwithmyknowledgeandexperience.”可知,促使他建立這個公益組織的是他看到了很多年輕人都對他做的事情感興趣。 C Children ca

24、n make some pretty lofty statements and grand promises.And an 8-year-old boy who promised to get his dad his dream car was no exception—but then he actually fulfilled his promise. A Reddit user going by the username Belairboy wrote that when he was 8 years old,he told his dad he would buy him a 195

25、7 Chevy Bel Air on his 57th birthday. “He grew up poor in a family of children.He never thought he would be able to own his dream vehicle but would talk about it all the time,” Belairboy wrote. Then the day came. He tricked his father to look in the garage while the older man was trying to fix a

26、cornhole board.When the dad finally looked up from his project and his son said,“Happy Birthday,” all the father could say in a whimpering tone was “no,” as he tearfully went in for a hug. “Oh my,oh my.This is real.This is real,” the father said as he climbed into the driver’s seat.“You’re kidding

27、me.This is spotless,man.” Later,Belairboy revealed that he has hung onto the car for two years to make the promise come true. “We would talk about older vehicles so to gauge(判斷,估計) how much he would enjoy it.I would show him pictures of it from the listing I found,unknown to him that it would actu

28、ally be his one day,” Belairboy wrote.“He would get so excited and talk about owning something that he knew he never would be able to.” 【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了一個兒子兌現(xiàn)自己8歲時的承諾,送父親愛車,使其熱淚盈眶的故事。 1.Why did the father say “no” when seeing his birthday present? A.He didn’t know what happened. B.He wanted

29、to hug his dear son first. C.He was too excited to say anything else. D.He knew little about this type of vehicle. 答案:C 解析:推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段最后一句話中的“...couldsayinawhimperingtonewas‘no’,ashetearfullywentinforahug.”可知,這位父親非常激動,簡直不敢相信自己的眼睛。 2.What did the father think of his dream car at first? A.He wou

30、ldn’t like it at all. B.He would own one some day. C.His son would buy one for him. D.He would never have it in his life. 答案:D 解析:推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段Belairboy說的話中的“Heneverthoughthewouldbeabletoownhisdreamvehiclebutwouldtalkaboutitallthetime...”可知,父親從來沒有想過自己能擁有這樣的車。 3.Which of the following can best de

31、scribe Belairboy? A.He is worth trust. B.He is warm-hearted. C.He is well-received. D.He is hard-working. 答案:A 解析:推理判斷題。根據(jù)本文的描述可知,兒子從小立志在父親57歲生日時給父親買一輛父親喜歡的豪車,最后承諾得以實現(xiàn),因此他是一個值得信任的人,答案為A項。 D According to researchers,money can buy happiness,but only if you spend it on someone else. Spending as

32、little as $5 a day on someone else could significantly bring you happiness,the team at the University of British Columbia and Harvard Business School found. Their experiments on more than 630 Americans showed they were measurably(明顯地) happier when they spent money on others—even if they thought spe

33、nding the money on themselves would make them happier. “We wanted to test our theory that how people spend their money is at least as important as how much money they earn,” said Elizabeth Dunn,a psychologist at the University of British Columbia. They asked their 600 volunteers first to rate thei

34、r general happiness,report their annual income and detail their monthly spending including bills,gifts for themselves,gifts for others and donations to charity(慈善機構(gòu)). “Regardless of how much income each person made,those who spent money on others reported greater happiness,while those who spent mor

35、e on themselves did not,” Dunn said in a statement. Dunn’s team also surveyed(調(diào)查) 16 employees at a company in Boston before and after they received an annual profit-sharing bonus(獎金) of between $3,000 and $8,000. “Employees who devoted more of their bonus to prosocial(有益社會的) spending experienced

36、greater happiness after receiving the bonus,and the manner in which they spent that bonus was a more important predictor(預(yù)示) of their happiness than the size of the bonus itself,” they wrote in their report,published in the journal Science. They gave their volunteers $5 or $20 and half got clear in

37、structions on how to spend it.Those who spent the money on someone or something else reported feeling happier about it. “These findings suggest that very minor alterations(改動) in spending allocations(分配)—as little as $5—may be enough to produce real gains in happiness on a given day,” Dunn said. 【

38、語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要用科學(xué)實驗闡述當(dāng)金錢花在別人身上時個人更能得到理想中的幸福。 1.According to the passage,　　　.? A.the more money you spend on yourself,the happier you are B.spending money on others can bring you happiness C.Elizabeth Dunn is a psychologist from Harvard Business School D.six hundred volunteers took part in t

39、he experiment 答案:B 解析:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Accordingtoresearchers,moneycanbuyhappiness,butonlyifyouspenditonsomeoneelse.”可知在別人身上花錢可以給你自己帶來幸福。故選B項。 2.The 16 employees mentioned in the passage 　　　.? A.were given clear instructions on how to spend the bonus B.had more happiness when spending money on the

40、mselves C.experienced greater happiness after receiving their bonus D.felt happier after they contributed much of the bonus to charities 答案:D 解析:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“The16employees”找到文中對應(yīng)段是第七、八段,根據(jù)第八段的“Employeeswhodevotedmoreoftheirbonustoprosocialspendingexperiencedgreaterhappinessafterreceivingthebon

41、us,andthemannerinwhichtheyspentthatbonuswasamoreimportantpredictoroftheirhappinessthanthesizeofthebonusitself...”判斷這些雇工在做了慈善之后感到更幸福。故選D項。 3.Dunn’s statement suggested that 　　　.? A.those who spent money on others felt happier no matter how much they earned B.those who spent more money on themselve

42、s felt happier C.people thought spending money could make themselves happier D.the money spent was as important as the money earned 答案:A 解析:推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“Dunn’sstatement”找到文章對應(yīng)段落是第六段,根據(jù)“...thosewhospentmoneyonothersreportedgreaterhappiness...”可知那些在別人身上花錢的人會感到更快樂。故選A項。 4.The best title of this p

43、assage is 　　　.? A.Experiment on Money Spending B.Devoting Your Money to Charities C.Spending Money on Others Makes One Happier D.Bonus and Prosocial Spending 答案:C 解析:主旨大意題。A項ExperimentonMoneySpending“有關(guān)花錢的實驗”;B項DevotingYourMoneytoCharities“向慈善團體捐款”;C項SpendingMoneyonOthersMakesOneHappier“在別人身

44、上花錢使人更幸?！?D項BonusandProsocialSpending“獎金和有益社會的支出”。通讀全文,并根據(jù)文章第一段可知全文闡述的是在別人身上花錢,進而買到自己的快樂。故選C項。 E (2019·全國Ⅱ卷) Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the question:“Should I jump?” This is what motivation or the lack of it can do.Motivation and goal setting are

45、the two sides of the same coin.　1　 Like the child on the diving board,you will stay undecided.? 　2　 More than that,how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal?First,you need to evaluate yourself,your values,your strengths,your weaknesses,your achievements,your desires,etc.Only then should you

46、 set your goals.? You also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation.This is quite important,because it is directly related to your commitment.There are times when your heart is not in your work.　3　 So,slow down and think what you really want to do at that moment.Clarity(清晰) of thought

47、s can help you move forward.? Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives,keeping in mind your beliefs,values and strengths.Remember that goals are flexible.　4　 They also need to be measurable.You must keep these points in mind while setting your goals.?

48、 Your personal circumstances are equally important.For example,you may want to be a pilot but can’t become one because your eyesight is not good enough.　5　 You should reassess your goals,and motivate yourself to set a fresh goal.? You will surely need to overcome some difficulties,some planned,but

49、 most unplanned.You cannot overcome them without ample motivation.Make sure that you plan for these difficulties at the time of setting your goals. A.This can affect your work. B.So how should you motivate yourself? C.However,this should not discourage you. D.So why should we try to set specific

50、 goals? E.They can change according to circumstances. F.Motivation is what you need most to do a good job. G.Without motivation,you can neither set a goal nor reach it. 答案與解析: 【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章就如何激勵自己、保持動力、達成目標(biāo)提出了幾點建議。 1.G　解析:根據(jù)上文提到的“Motivationandgoalsettingarethetwosidesofthesamecoin.”以及下文提到的

51、“Likethechildonthedivingboard,...”可知G項正確。其中motivation和goal為原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。 2.B　解析:根據(jù)下文提到的“Morethanthat,howshouldyoustaymotivatedtoachievethegoal?”及本段后面的內(nèi)容可知B項正確。 3.A　解析:根據(jù)上文提到的“Therearetimeswhenyourheartisnotinyourwork.”可知,A項是上文的結(jié)果。 4.E　解析:根據(jù)上文提到的“Rememberthatgoalsareflexible.”可知,E項是對上文的進一步說明。 5.C　解析:上文提到“個人情況同等重要”,并以因視力差不能達成當(dāng)飛行員的目標(biāo)為例子,再結(jié)合下文的“你應(yīng)該重新評估你的目標(biāo),并激勵自己去設(shè)定一個新的目標(biāo)”可知,C項和上文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,同時起到引起下文的作用。 - 11 -