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1、 Unit 4 Sharing Ⅰ.閱讀理解 A Patients in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease often struggle to remember recently learned information, meaning they forget things like important appointments or where they left their keys. But it seems that these memories are not lost. They are still filed away in

2、the brain somewhere; they just can't be easily accessed. Now, researchers at MIT have developed a means of getting back memories in mice suffering from Alzheimer's. The method relies on a technique that uses light to control genetically modified neurons (轉(zhuǎn)基因神經(jīng)元). Currently it is too early to be use

3、d in human trials as it involves inserting light emitting(發(fā)光) equipment into the subjects' brains, but the same principles still apply, the researchers said. “The important point is that this is evidence of the concept. That is, even if a memory seems to be gone, it is still there. It's a matter of

4、 how to get it back，”said the senior researcher Susumu Tonegawa. The team took two groups of mice, one genetically engineered to develop Alzheimer's and one healthy. They then placed them into a room and gave them a mild electric shock.All of the mice showed fear when put back an hour later.

5、When placed in the room a third time several days later, the Alzheimer's mice acted normally. They had forgotten the shock. The researchers were then able to bring back the memory of the shock by activating(激活) the cells in which the memories were stored. Even when the mice were put into an

6、unfamiliar room, they showed fear when the cells associated with the shock were activated. “Short-term memories seem to be normal in order of hours.But for long-term memories, these early-Alzheimer's mice seem to be damaged，”said the lead researcher Dheeraj Roy.“Directly activating the cells t

7、hat we believe are holding the memory helps them get it back. This suggests that it is indeed an access problem to the information, not that they are unable to learn or store this memory.” [語篇解讀]　本文主要介紹了利用光控制轉(zhuǎn)基因神經(jīng)元使早老性癡呆病患者恢復(fù)記憶的技術(shù)。 1．What can we learn about the researchers at MIT? A．They are the

8、pioneers of brain research. B．They have used the method in human trials. C．They can cure Alzheimer's using the new method. D．They can get back memories in mice with Alzheimer's. 解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的第一句“Now，researchers at MIT have developed a means of getting back memories in mice suffering from Alzhe

9、imer's.”可知，他們能夠使患有早老性癡呆病的老鼠恢復(fù)記憶。 答案：D 2．Why did the Alzheimer's mice behave normally the third time? A．They failed to remember the electric shock. B．They were accustomed to the situation. C．They managed to overcome the fear. D．They activated the association automatically. 解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的“the

10、Alzheimer's mice acted normally.They had forgotten the shock.”可知，這些老鼠忘記了受到的電擊。 答案：A 3．For long-term memories, the early-Alzheimer's mice . A．can transform their brain cells B．can't learn new tricks well C．can easily get back their memories D．can't access the information stored 解析：推理判斷題。

11、根據(jù)最后一段的“But for long-term memories，these early-Alzheimer's mice seem to be damaged”和“Directly activating...this memory”可知，對于長期記憶來說，這些處于早老性癡呆病早期的老鼠因為(腦細胞)已經(jīng)被損害，不能獲得這種已經(jīng)儲存的信息。 答案：D 4．The main purpose of the text is to . A．introduce a method of a research B．report the latest discovery about

12、 a disease C．give advice on how to improve memories D．explain how a brain stores information 解析：作者意圖題。通讀全文可知，本文的主要目的是報道關(guān)于早老性癡呆病的最新發(fā)現(xiàn)。 答案：B B If you followed the 2016 Olympic Games, you may have noticed that several athletes, including US swimmer Michael Phelps, had circular bruises on their bo

13、dies. These bruises were the result of “cupping (拔火罐) therapy”， a traditional Chinese medicinal practice that has been around for more than 2,000 years. Many athletes say that they have benefited from the therapy. Phelps used the therapy in the fall of 2014 and has used it about twice a week since,

14、 reported ABC News. Another US swimmer, Dana Vollmer, also believes that “it really helps with blood flow”． However, some have said that the supposed health effects result from people's feeling that the treatment works, rather than any physical effect of the treatment. To figure out cupping therap

15、y has any physical effect, last year researchers from Germany carried out a test in which a false treatment was provided. In the study, the same type of cups was used in the real treatment and the false treatment. But in the false treatment，the cups had a hole at the top so that they couldn't crea

16、te the proper suction (吸力)． The tested patients, who suffered from a disorder that caused a lot of pain, were told that they would receive either traditional cupping or “soft cupping”. But they were not informed that the so-called “soft cupping” was a false treatment. It turned out that most patie

17、nts correctly guessed which kind of cupping they had received. In both groups, patients also experienced about the same reductions in pain. “The results suggest the effects of cupping therapy might come from factors that are not necessarily part of the treatment itself，” the researchers told the Li

18、ve Science website. The question of whether cupping therapy works still needs to be answered.“But because the treatment is relatively safe and it could be helpful for some people, the therapy can be used as part of a comprehensive treatment program involving other exercises, nutritional choices and

19、 lifestyle changing，”Dr Brent Bauer, director of the US Complementary and Integrative Medicine Program at Mayo Clinic, told Live Science. [語篇解讀]　本文主要介紹了中國傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)療方式拔火罐的實際療效問題。 5．Why is Michael Phelps mentioned in the passage? A．To give athletes a new way to swim faster. B．To provide athletes wit

20、h a new way of treatment. C．To introduce the topic on cupping therapy. D．To show swimmers suffer from disorders. 解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章前兩段的整體內(nèi)容可推知，提到運動員菲爾普斯是為了導(dǎo)入文章的話題，即拔火罐療法是否有效，故選C。 答案：C 6．The purpose of the test by researchers from Germany was to . A．promote the health effects of cupping ther

21、apy B．see whether cupping therapy has a physical effect C．compare traditional cupping with soft cupping D．compare cupping therapy's effects on different groups of people 解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段整體內(nèi)容可知，實驗的目的是驗證拔火罐是否真的有效。 答案：B 7．What can be learned from the passage? A．Different people need different type

22、s of cupping therapy. B．The real treatment and false treatment almost have the same effects. C．The results show that cupping therapy is not part of the treatment. D．Cupping therapy is only effective when used with lifestyle changing. 解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“In both groups，patients also experienced abo

23、ut the same reductions in pain.”可知，實驗表明兩種不同的拔火罐方法效果是一樣的。 答案：B 8．According to Dr Brent Bauer, cupping therapy . A．is a fast and easy treatment for people to carry out B．is a newly invented way to cure some diseases C．needs a long period of time to take effect D．can be used together with

24、 other treatments 解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“But because the treatment is relatively safe and it could be helpful for some people，the therapy can be used as part of a comprehensive treatment program involving other exercises，nutritional choices and lifestyle changing”可知，Dr Brent Bauer認為拔火罐可以和其他方法一起配合治療。 答

25、案：D Ⅱ.完形填空 A 14-year-old Chinese boy overcame two of humankind's most dreaded fears — getting stuck in an elevator and getting homework done in a single night thanks to his quick-witted(反應(yīng)敏捷的)character. Sun Yixiao was on his way up last Tuesday evening after school when the lift suddenly stopped.

26、A moment of 1 followed before the teenager decided to take 2 into his own hands and find a way out.Sun said he tried to pry(撬)the elevator door open，but 3 there could be a malfunction (機器故障)that would send the elevator 4 a free fall，he 5 the idea and instead 6 against the wal

27、l.He then pressed all the buttons in the hope of getting the elevator to work again，but in vain.Sun then pushed the “Stop” button to lock the elevator and make sure it wouldn't move. 7 a cellphone at hand，Sun tried 8 to get the attention of people outside，but no one responded 9 time passe

28、d by. But the young boy didn't give up. He slipped a note 10 the door with the message “People stuck inside；please ask the property management(物業(yè))for help”and hoped someone would pick it up and act it on.After 11 all his options，the 12 kid decided to tend to his homework, not knowing h

29、ow long it would take 13 someone found him.He took out his textbooks and 14 himself with his daily homework routine.Soon after he finished his duties，Sun heard loud voices coming from 15 . “There was a large crowd outside，including my teachers and other parents；people looked quite 16

30、，”Sun said the moment he was rescued.He had been trapped for five hours by the help arrived. On China's Twitter-like Weibo，many netizens 17 the boy's bravery and calmness in the face of such 18 .“The guy must have 19 the advantages and disadvantages of the situation：he had a great chance

31、 to survive an 20 elevator，but would have been doomed if he left homework undone，”joked @Zealshifang. [語篇解讀]　本文主要講述了中國14歲男孩兒孫軼瀟在電梯出了故障后不僅沒有驚慌失措，最后還把作業(yè)做完了的故事。 1．A.panic　　　　　 B．excitement C．confusion D．depression 解析：與上文的“fears”呼應(yīng)，主人公在電梯突然停止后，隨之而來的是驚慌。panic“驚慌”；excitement“激動”；confusion“困惑”；depr

32、ession“抑郁”。 答案：A 2．A.materials B．substances C．matters D．events 解析：根據(jù)下文的“find a way out”可推知，主人公決定自己處理這種意外情況，與上文的“overcame”呼應(yīng)。take matters into one's own hands固定搭配，意為“親自處理某事”。 答案：C 3．A.considering B．telling C．understanding D．ignoring 解析：根據(jù)語境可知，主人公試圖撬電梯，但考慮到電梯出了故障可能會自由下墜。consider“考慮”。 答案：A

33、4．A.onto B．into C．within D．from 解析：send sth.into sth.為固定詞組，意為“使進入(某種狀態(tài))”，此處表示“使電梯自由下落”。 答案：B 5．A.formed B．a(chǎn)bandoned C．rejected D．a(chǎn)ccepted 解析：根據(jù)上文的“but”和下文的“instead”可推知，主人公放棄了自己之前的想法。abandon“拋棄，放棄”。 答案：B 6．A.stood B．lay C．knelt D．leaned 解析：根據(jù)常識可知，在電梯出故障時，最好靠著電梯內(nèi)墻。lean“靠在”。 答案：D 7．A.Wit

34、h B．Without C．Through D．By 解析：根據(jù)語境可知，主人公手邊沒有手機，故用Without表示“沒有”。 答案：B 8．A.screaming B．crying C．whispering D．yelling 解析：根據(jù)空后的“to get the attention of people outside”可推知，主人公當(dāng)時大聲喊叫，希望有人能夠聽到，以便得到幫助。yell“叫喊”。 答案：D 9．A.with B．a(chǎn)s C．when D．while 解析：此處as引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，意為“隨著”，表示“隨著時間的流逝，沒有人回應(yīng)他”。 答案：B

35、10．A.from B．by C．through D．a(chǎn)cross 解析：根據(jù)語境可知，困在電梯里的主人公通過電梯門縫塞出求救便條。through“穿過”，表示立體概念；across“橫過”，表示平面概念。 答案：C 11．A.exhausting B．wearing C．completing D．finishing 解析：根據(jù)語境可推知，主人公用盡了各種能想到的求救辦法，都沒有得到回應(yīng)。exhaust“耗盡，使筋疲力盡”。 答案：A 12．A.handsome B．terrified C．practical D．modest 解析：根據(jù)語境可知，主人公決定做作業(yè)，

36、這說明他是一個務(wù)實的(practical)孩子。 答案：C 13．A.before B．a(chǎn)fter C．when D．until 解析：此處表示“在有人發(fā)現(xiàn)他之前”，符合語境，故用before引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。 答案：A 14．A.occupied B．charged C．devoted D．a(chǎn)bandoned 解析：occupy sb.with sth.為固定詞組，意為“使某人忙于某事”，結(jié)合語境可知，主人公開始埋頭做作業(yè)了。 答案：A 15．A.inside B．outside C．upside D．downside 解析：根據(jù)上文的“to ge

37、t the attention of people outside”可推知，后來主人公聽到外面有很大的聲音，與下文的“There was a large crowd outside，including my teachers and other parents”呼應(yīng)。 答案：B 16．A.relieved B．delighted C．scared D．puzzled 解析：根據(jù)“he was rescued”可推知，當(dāng)主人公得救時，人們都松了一口氣。relieved“感到寬慰的”。 答案：A 17．A.cheered up B．thumbed up C．warmed u

38、p D．built up 解析：根據(jù)“bravery and calmness”可推知，微博上許多網(wǎng)民對主人公的勇敢和冷靜評價很高。thumb up“豎起大拇指，評價很高”。 答案：B 18．A.emergency B．incident C．a(chǎn)ccident D．event 解析：主人公被困在故障電梯中，這是一種緊急狀況。emergency“緊急情況”；incident“小事件”；accident“意外，(交通)事故”；event“公開活動，重大事件”。 答案：A 19．A.compared B．figured C．imagined D．weighed 解析

39、：根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示主人公認真權(quán)衡(weighed)了利弊。 答案：D 20．A.out-of-order B．out-of-date C．out-of-balance D．out-of-shape 解析：根據(jù)上文的多處描述可知，電梯出現(xiàn)故障。out-of-order“有故障的”。 答案：A Ⅲ.短文改錯 This morning, I got an email from the library. It said the book I reserved was ready to be picking up. Because I had always been wait

40、ing to read it, so at that moment I was very exciting. Outside the library, I saw the man driving around the small parking lot, try to find a parking space. He head for the disabled parking space, the only one that was free. He got off his car with a pile of library book to return. Seeing that, I o

41、ffered to return them to him. He thanked me and jumped quick in his car and drove off, keeping the disabled parking space free for someone needed it. 答案： This morning, I got an email from the library. It said the book I reserved was ready to be up. Because I had always been waiting to read it,

42、at that moment I was very . Outside the library, I saw man driving around the small parking lot, to find a parking space. He for the disabled parking space, the only one that was free. He got off his car with a pile of library to return. Seeing that, I offered to return them him. He thanked me and jumped in his car and drove off, keeping the disabled parking space free for someone needed it. 9