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1、 Unit 1　Names 一、單詞—— 寫 得 準(zhǔn) 用 得 活(用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空) 1.sayvt.　　　　　　　　表示；表明 2.open-mindedadj. 虛心的，思想開明的 3.polishvt. 修改；潤色 4.featurevt. 以……為特色 5.conveyvt. 傳達(dá) 6.highlightvt. 使顯著，突出 7.respected adj.受人敬重的→respectableadj.值得敬重的→respectfuladj.恭敬的，表示尊敬的→respectvt.&n．尊敬，尊重 8.childish adj.孩子氣的，

2、幼稚的→childn．小孩 9.true adj.真實(shí)的，真的→truthn．事實(shí)，真理，真實(shí)，真相→truthfuladj.誠實(shí)的 10.shorten vi./vt.縮短，(使)變短→shortadj.短的 11.adapt vt.改編→adaptationn．改編本；適應(yīng) 12.exaggerate vi./vt.夸大，夸張→exaggerationn．夸張 13.lengthen vi./vt.(使)加長，使延長 →longadj.長的→lengthn．長度 14.forgetful adj.健忘的，疏忽的→forgetv．忘記→forgettableadj.可忘的，可忘記

3、的，易被忘記的 15.courageous adj.勇敢的，有膽量的→couragen．勇氣 16.indicate vt.指出，顯示，預(yù)示→indicationn．指示，跡象，暗示 1.Evidently, realizing this difference and trying to shorten (short) this gap is the key to achieving our accomplishment. 2.He promised that this type of childish (child) behavior would not happen again.

4、 3.This book is copyright protected, so no adaptation (adapt) should be made without the writer's permission. 4.It is no exaggeration (exaggerate) at all to say that good books are both our best teachers and friends. 5.The young man was courageous (courage) enough to break away from traditional id

5、eas. 6.It is our duty to understand truth and act in a truthful manner in our communication.(true) 7.The length of the rope is not enough, so try to lengthen it.(long) 8.He is so forgetful a man that it is quite possible for him to have forgotten the appointment for such things are forgettable.(f

6、orget) 9.Teachers are respectable in our country. Students respect their teachers and listen to them in school in respectful ways.(respect) ? 1.后綴-ful形容詞清單 ①respectful　　　　　恭敬的 ②truthful 誠實(shí)的 ③forgetful 健忘的 ④helpful 有幫助的 ⑤skillful 有技巧的 ⑥meaningful 有意義的 ⑦careful 仔細(xì)的 2.盤點(diǎn)ex-開頭動(dòng)詞 ①e

7、xaggerate　　　　夸大，夸張 ②exchange 交換；交流 ③exist 存在；生存 ④expose 暴露；顯露 ⑤explode 爆炸；爆裂 3．常見合成形容詞大全 ①open-minded 虛心的 ②absent-minded 心不在焉的 ③quick-minded　　思維敏捷的 ④narrow-minded 心胸狹窄的 ⑤broken-hearted 心碎的 ⑥kind-hearted 心地善良的 ⑦light-hearted 心情輕松的 4．后綴-ish形容詞全掃描 ①childish 孩子氣的 ②selfish 自私的

8、 ③foolish 傻的，笨的 ④bookish 書呆子氣的 二、短語—— 寫 得 準(zhǔn) 用 得 活(選用左欄短語填空) 1.go_with　　　　　　　 伴隨，與……相配 2.tell_..._apart 區(qū)分，辨別 3.make_up 虛構(gòu)，拼湊；化妝；和解 4.become_known_(as) (以……)出名 5.by_name 憑名字；用……的名字 6.be_short_for_sth. 簡略的；縮寫的 7.used_to 過去常常，習(xí)慣于 8.be_characterized_by……的特點(diǎn)在于 9.in_general 通常，大體上

9、，一般而言 10.divide_into 分成 11.borrow_from 從……借入 1.Your new coat goes_with your black boots; you look very pretty. 2.The library is divided_into different zones, so it's easy for you to find what you need. 3.As is known to all, the UN is_short_for the United Nations. 4.I know him only by_name,_s

10、o I am not familiar with him. 5.In_general,_one of the best ways to deal with anxiety is to exercise. ? 1.“v.＋with”短語小結(jié) ①go with　　　　　　與……相配 ②agree with 與……一致 ③compete with 與……競爭 ④cope with 應(yīng)付，對(duì)付 ⑤deal with 與……打交道 2.“by＋n.”短語薈萃 ①by name　　　　　憑名字 ②by force 用武力 ③by nature 天生地；生性 ④by

11、 birth 生來；在血統(tǒng)上 三、句式—— 背 原 句 明 句 式 學(xué) 仿 寫 1.Names are the quickest and easiest — as well as friendliest — way to say who's who ... 名字是最快捷、最容易，也是最友好的說明誰是誰的方法…… as well as “也，又，還”，可以作介詞，也可以作連詞，連接相同的句子成分。 我們不僅可以更多地了解偉人的生活而且可以了解其他國家的歷史和文化。 We can know more about the life of great people as_w

12、ell_as_history_and_cultures_of_other_countries. 2.It is not unusual to see men and women rushing down the street on a sunny morning with umbrellas under their arms. 在晴朗的早上看到手臂下夾著雨傘在街上匆匆而過的男男女女并非罕見。 It is not unusual to ...是雙重否定句型表示肯定意義，意為“……并不稀奇/很平?！?。 人們換職業(yè)是一件很平常的事。 It_is_not_unusual for peopl

13、e to change careers. 第一板塊核心單詞歸納集釋 1．say vt.表示；表明，指明；預(yù)報(bào)，報(bào)道；假設(shè)；說 [經(jīng)典例句]　I would like to say how much we appreciate your hard work. 我想說我們對(duì)你的辛勤勞動(dòng)非常感謝。 say hello to sb.　　　　向某人問好 I dare say 我敢說；我想(插入語) not to say ... 更不用說…… that is to say 換句話說，也就是說 It's said that ... 據(jù)說…… ①It_is_said_tha

14、t the new mayor will come into power next month. 據(jù)說新市長下個(gè)月將上任。 ②They left two weeks ago; that_is_to_say,_they have been away for two weeks. 他們兩周前離開了，也就是說，他們已經(jīng)離開兩周了。 2．a(chǎn)dapt vt.使適應(yīng)；改編 [高考佳句]　Because our bodies adapt to everything we do to them.(2013·浙江高考) 因?yàn)槲覀兊纳眢w適應(yīng)我們對(duì)它做的任何事情。 (1)adapt (oneself

15、) to　　　　　　使……適應(yīng)于…… adapt sth.from 根據(jù)……改編某物 be adapted for 為……而改寫/改編 (2)adaptation n. 適應(yīng)；改編；改寫本 make a good adaptation to ... 很適應(yīng)…… (3)adaptable adj. 能適應(yīng)的；可修改的 ①The TV series RedSorghumadapted (adapt) from Mo Yan's novel of the same name has been shown on many TV channels. 由莫言同名小說改編的電視劇《紅

16、高粱》已在許多電視臺(tái)播放過了。 ②It was the culture, rather than the language, that made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.(2014·福建高考單選) 是文化而不是語言使得他很難適應(yīng)國外的新環(huán)境。 3．convey vt.傳達(dá)；運(yùn)送，輸送；表達(dá)；轉(zhuǎn)讓(財(cái)產(chǎn)) [教材原句]　Performers also use their eyes and facial expressions to helpconvey the specific meaning. 表演

17、者也可以運(yùn)用眼神和面部表情幫助表達(dá)具體的意思。 (1)convey one's feelings/meanings表達(dá)感情/意思 convey sth.to sb. 向某人表達(dá)/傳達(dá)某物 (2)convey sb./sth.from A to B 把某人或某物從A地 運(yùn)送到B地 ①It's said that a bus will convey us from hotel to the scenery spot. 據(jù)說，一輛巴士將把我們從賓館送到景點(diǎn)。 ②In this letter, I would like to convey my sincere appreciat

18、ion to you for your assistance/help. 對(duì)于您的幫助，我想在這封信中表達(dá)對(duì)您衷心的感謝。 Ⅰ.基礎(chǔ)點(diǎn)全練(單句語法填空/補(bǔ)全句子) 1．A notice has been put up on the blackboard, saying (say) that our holiday will be put off. 2．A good teacher must know how to convey his ideas to his students. 3．My father became forgetful (forget) these days

19、 because of the negative effect of the medicine. 4．Respected_guests (尊敬的來賓), welcome to live in our hotel. 5．It is reported that it was smoking that shortened_her_life (縮短了她的生命)． Ⅱ.重難點(diǎn)多練 adapt全接觸 (1)介詞填空 ①It is never easy to adapt to big changes. Those who can do it faster are more likely to s

20、ucceed. ②The author is going to adapt his stories for television. ③The new film is said to be adapted from a famous novel of the same name. (2)一句多譯 他迅速適應(yīng)了那兒的生活方式。 ④He quickly adapted_himself_to the way of life there.(adapt v．) ⑤He quickly adapted_to the way of life there.(adapt v．) ⑥He made

21、_a_quick_adaptation_to the way of life there.(adaption n．) (3)對(duì)比填空 ⑦The film TinyTimes is adapted (adapt) from Guo Jingming's novel of the same name. ⑧The film TinyTimes is an adaptation (adapt) of Guo Jingming's novel of the same name. Ⅲ.閱讀詞匯專練 根據(jù)語境選出say的詞性和詞義 (A)vt.表明　　　　(B)vt.假設(shè)　　　　(C)vt.說

22、 (D)n.發(fā)言權(quán) (E)n.意見 1．Just say you won the lottery — what would you do？__B__ 2．Parents should talk to their children but at the same time they should lend an ear to what they have to say.__C__ 3．The fact that she never apologises says a lot about what kind of person she is.__A__ 4．Don't interrup

23、t her; let her have her say.__E__ 5．We are considering giving them greater say in such matters.__D__ 第二板塊短語句型歸納集釋 1．make up占，形成，構(gòu)成；彌補(bǔ)；編造；整理；化妝；和解；組成；虛構(gòu)；拼湊 [經(jīng)典例句]　He made up some excuse about his daughter being sick. 他編了個(gè)借口，說他的女兒病倒了。 [一詞多義]　寫出下列句中make up的含義 ①They made up for their inexperience

24、 by careful preparation for each lesson.彌補(bǔ) ②They quarrelled the other day but they made up soon.和解 ③Leave this notice hanging on your door, asking the servant to make up your room.整理 ④I don't like to see women making up in public.化妝 ⑤Farm workers make uponly a small section of the population.占，構(gòu)

25、成 ⑥D(zhuǎn)on'tmake up any excuse for your being late again.編造，虛構(gòu) make out　　　　　(費(fèi)力)理解；假裝；辨認(rèn)出；看清楚 make it 取得成功；準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)；做到了 be made up of 由……組成 make for 移向；走向，促成；有利于 make up for 彌補(bǔ)，補(bǔ)償 make up one's mind 下決心；決定 ⑥They'll do all they can to make up for the economic losses. 他們要盡一切力量彌補(bǔ)這些經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。 ⑦I mad

26、e up my mind to_study (study) harder rather than waste precious time on those useless things.(2015·湖南高考書面表達(dá)) 我已下定決心更加努力學(xué)習(xí)而不是把寶貴的時(shí)間浪費(fèi)在這些無用的事情上。 2．be short for是……的縮寫/簡稱 [教材原句]　One of the most common names in the English language is Smith, which is short for blacksmith. 英語中最常見的一個(gè)姓是史密斯，史密斯是“鐵匠”的簡略形式

27、。 be short of　　　　　　缺少……；缺乏…… for short 簡略為，簡稱為 in short＝in a few words＝briefly 簡言之，總而言之 to be short 簡單地說 ①It is believed that the young graduates are_short_of patience and persistence. 人們認(rèn)為，年輕的畢業(yè)生們?nèi)狈δ托暮鸵懔Α? ②In England, people usually call me Jim for_short. 在英格蘭，人們通常簡略地稱我為“吉姆”。 3．It_is_

28、not_unusual_to_see men and women rushing down the street on a sunny morning with umbrellas under their arms. 在晴朗的早上看到手臂下夾著雨傘在街上匆匆而過的男男女女并非罕見。 句中It is not unusual to see ...是雙重否定結(jié)構(gòu)，not unusual“并非罕見”。雙重否定結(jié)構(gòu)常表示肯定意義。 (1)常見的雙重否定結(jié)構(gòu)還有： no (not)等＋表示否定意義的形容詞 　　　　　　　　　　沒有……不…… no (never) ... without ..

29、. 沒有……不……；除…… 不…… (2)常見的用否定形式表示肯定意義的結(jié)構(gòu)有： cannot ... too ... 無論怎樣……也不為過 cannot wait to do sth. 急于做某事 cannot help doing sth. 禁不住/忍不住做某事 ①It_is_not_unusual to throw rubbish everywhere in some places. 在一些地方，隨處扔垃圾并非罕見。 ②With so many cars running in the streets, as a new driver, never_can_yo

30、u_be_too_cautious in order not to scratch others' cars. 街上有這么多的車子在行駛，為了不刮碰別人的車，作為新手司機(jī)的你再怎么小心謹(jǐn)慎也不為過。 Ⅰ.基礎(chǔ)點(diǎn)全練 1．單句語法填空 ①The two paintings look so much alike that I can't tell the authentic painting from the modern copy. ②I never used to_enjoy (enjoy) science，but last year I changed schools, and

31、 the science teachers at my new school were excellent. ③He has fame, money, and everything that goes with it. ④It is not unusual for students to_play (play) phones instead of reading books. ⑤It's no use complaining without taking any action. 2．運(yùn)用所學(xué)短語完成片段 I have a friend whose name is Rob, which

32、 ①is_short_for (是……的縮寫) Robert. He comes from Australia. He has a twin brother, and I can't ②tell_them_apart (區(qū)分他們). He ③is_known_as (以……出名) an expert in the English language. I haven't seen him for many years, but I came across him in the street yesterday. He still ④stays_the_same (保持不變). He told

33、me that he lives in Shanghai now. He has ⑤been_used_to (習(xí)慣于) living there. I was very happy to see him again. Ⅱ.重難點(diǎn)多練 1．short相關(guān)短語多棱鏡 補(bǔ)全句子 ①UK是聯(lián)合王國的簡略形式。 UK is_short_for the United Kingdom. ②加拿大國家電視塔位于多倫多市中心，通常簡稱為CN塔。 Located in the heart of Toronto is the Canadian National Tower, which is of

34、ten called the CN Tower for_short. ③總之，他是我見過最有前途的學(xué)生之一。 In_short,_he is one of the most promising students I've ever known. 2．make相關(guān)短語點(diǎn)點(diǎn)練 (1)句型轉(zhuǎn)換 Five players make up the basketball team. ①The basketball team is_made_up_of five players. ②The basketball team is_composed_of five players. ③The

35、basketball team consists_of five players. (2)根據(jù)漢語提示完成片段 I have ④made_up_my_mind (下定決心) to ⑤make_up_for (彌補(bǔ)) the lost time. So I have made a plan, which ⑥is_made_up__of_three_parts (由三部分組成). To carry it out better, I want you to supervise (監(jiān)督) me. You can go through it. If there is something that y

36、ou can't ⑦make_out (理解), I will explain it to you. I believe that I will ⑧make_it (做到) with your help. [課堂練牢基礎(chǔ)] Ⅰ.單句語法填空 1．As far as I know, he is going to adapt his novel for TV play. 2．Chengdu is famous for various kinds of snacks.They are prepared in different ways, featuring (feature) d

37、ifferent tastes, good quality and low prices. 3．When you reach the other end of the bridge, I will_be_waiting (wait) right there to show you the way. 4．The flight leaves in twenty minutes — we'll never make it. 5．Caroline doesn't have a gift for music, but she makes up for it with hard work.(201

38、4·大綱卷單選) 6．We will convey these children to the airport by bus. 7．In short, the girl insisted that she did not know them. 8．As is known to us, England can be divided into three main areas. Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò) 1．Mary as well as I have been to the Great Wall.have→has 2．“It's pity that you didn't come to the

39、party，” she said in a low voice.pity前加a_ 3．I'll see you in a week, it is to say next Monday.it→that 4．Not only has she adapted her to the fast rhythm of city life, but she is becoming more and more outgoing.her→herself 5．Mr. Li, conveyed his disappointment with our job, marched out of the room w

40、ith anger.conveyed_前加having 6．She was used to receive admiring glances from others.receive→receiving Ⅲ.用本單元所學(xué)知識(shí)完成寫作訓(xùn)練 (一)依據(jù)提示補(bǔ)全短文 My English teacher comes_from (來自) London. She is kind and generous to us, but (but/so/as) her family used_to (過去) be very poor. Although her dress is always comm

41、on, her pink shoes match her dress well. She often makes_up (編造) funny stories to amuse us. She is known for her sense of humor. ①Her class is not only interesting but also lively, so we are all interested in her class. ②With her help, we have made great progress in English. (二)按要求將詞匯句式升級(jí) 1．用本

42、單元高級(jí)詞匯替換加黑部分 (1)common→plain (2)match→go_with_ 2．按要求改寫句式 (1)用as well as 改寫句① Her_class_is_lively_as_well_as_interesting,_so_we_are_all_interested_in_her_class. (2)用雙重否定句式改寫句② Without_her_help,_we_couldn't_have_made_great_progress_in_English. [課下練熟高考] 閱讀理解提速練——練速度 (限時(shí)：20分鐘) A (2017·河南省洛陽市

43、統(tǒng)一考試)Heritage is our legacy (遺產(chǎn)) from the past, what we live with today, and what we pass on to future generations. Our cultural and natural heritage are both irreplaceable (無可取代的) sources of life and inspiration. Places as unique and diverse as the Pyramids of Egypt, the Great Barrier Reef in Austr

44、alia and the Great Wall of China make up our world's heritage. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) seeks to encourage the identification, protection and preservation of cultural and natural heritage around the world considered to be of outstanding value t

45、o humanity. This is embodied in an international treaty called the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, adopted by UNESCO in 1972. How does a place become a World Heritage Site? It takes a lot of people to decide. 1)If a country wants one of its places

46、to be on the World Heritage List, it has to ask UNESCO. The place must be important and special. UNESCO put the Great Wall on the list in 1987 because, it said, it was a great part of Chinese culture and beautifully made to go with the land. When a country asks, it must also make a plan for taking c

47、are of the place. 2)The World Heritage Committee of UNESCO talks about different places and decides whether to put them on the list. The committee meets every June. Many experts help the committee to decide. 3)After a new place goes on the list, UNESCO gives money to help keep it looking good. If

48、a place is in serious danger, it may be put on the List of World Heritage Sites in Danger. UNESCO gives special care and help to those places. 4)Countries have to give UNESCO regular reports about places on the list. If UNESCO thinks a country isn't taking good enough care of a place, the site wil

49、l be taken off the list. 語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章告訴我們什么是遺產(chǎn)，如何申請(qǐng)遺產(chǎn)，并呼吁人們保護(hù)遺產(chǎn)。 1．What is the main purpose of Paragraph 1? A．To tell us what is heritage. B．To stress the importance of heritages. C．To explain the aims of protecting heritages. D．To introduce some places of interest in the world. 解析：選A

50、　段落大意題。本段主要解釋了什么是遺產(chǎn)及其大體分類，并列舉了幾個(gè)世界遺產(chǎn)的例子，所以A項(xiàng)正確。 2．About cultural and natural heritage around the world, UNESCO encourages all the following EXCEPT________. A．identification　　　　　 B．a(chǎn)pplication C．protection D．conservation 解析：選B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句可知，聯(lián)合國教科文組織鼓勵(lì)、認(rèn)定和保護(hù)世界遺產(chǎn)，并沒有提到利用世界遺產(chǎn)，所以選B項(xiàng)。 3．If a plac

51、e successfully becomes a World Heritage Site, the country________. A．can ask UNESCO for more money and help B．should continue to take special care of it C．won't take trouble of caring for it D．will try to put it on the List of World Heritage Sites in Danger 解析：選B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由短文的最后一段可知，申遺成功后，要對(duì)世界遺產(chǎn)繼

52、續(xù)加以保護(hù)，如果保護(hù)不善，該遺產(chǎn)可能會(huì)從名錄上刪除。 4．The purpose of putting a place on the World Heritage List is________. A．to attract more tourists from other countries B．to get more money and help from other countries C．to have it taken better care of D．to make it known to other countries 解析：選C　推理判斷題。通過聯(lián)合國對(duì)一個(gè)國家的

53、要求可推知，認(rèn)定世界遺產(chǎn)的目的是使其得到更好的保護(hù)。 B (2017·沈陽市高三質(zhì)檢)Where should an adventurous tourist go? After you've done sightseeing in London, shopping in New York, tasted the local food in Paris, and danced to your heart's content at the Brazilian Carnival, where else can you go? What exotic (異國風(fēng)情的) tourist destina

54、tion awaits you? Well, Antarctica sounds like the holiday of a lifetime! It's considered the last great wilderness on Earth. Just a few scientists in research stations share the icy landscape with penguins and other animals which can cope with the low temperatures. Tourism began in Antarctica in

55、 the 1950s and it's still a small scale. About 37,000 tourists are expected there this season, but many won't even leave the boat. The BBC's Juliet Rix visited the frozen continent and asked herself if she should be there at all, causing potential problems to such a sensitive environment. Her tour

56、guide admitted that all visitors leave footprints and they all go to the same place, the accessible coastline, which is also where the penguins and seals go to breed. But some people believe that if carefully controlled, tourism can be good for Antarctica. It has no native population and it needs a

57、dvocates. Visitors to the icy continent might be ready to support and even to fund its preservation. And they're likely to engage in the discussion about global warming, which has led to the melting of glaciers. According to Rix, guidelines are followed when you're about to set foot in Antarctica a

58、nd tourists have to disinfect (為……消毒) their boots to make sure no alien species are introduced. And once on land, there's no eating or smoking. Rocks, bone fragments — nothing should be taken as a souvenir and nothing should be left behind. Tourists fortunate enough to visit Antarctica must be awar

59、e that this is not their home and keep their fingers crossed that future generations will also be able to enjoy such breathtaking (美妙的；驚人的) views. 語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。游客應(yīng)該去南極洲旅游嗎？本文介紹了去南極洲旅游的情況和對(duì)游客的要求。 5．According to the second paragraph, we can learn that ________. A．Antarctica has become the best pla

60、ce for people to travel B．only scientists can be allowed to go to Antarctica C．Antarctica is less affected by human activities D．no animals can survive in Antarctica except penguins 解析：選C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的第二句“It's considered the last great wilderness on Earth.”可知，它被認(rèn)為是地球上最后的不毛之地。由此可推知，南極洲受人類活動(dòng)的影響較小。

61、 6．Juliet Rix's travel in Antarctica mentioned in the fourth paragraph indicates that ________. A．governments should take measures to stop tourists from going to Antarctica B．whether tourists should go to Antarctica or not should be considered carefully C．the animals' habitat in Antarctica has b

62、een seriously affected by tourism D．only journalists begin to pay attention to the environmental protection in Antarctica 解析：選B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的“asked herself if she should be there at all, causing potential problems to such a sensitive environment”以及“Her tour guide admitted that all visitors leave fo

63、otprints and they all go to the same place”可推知，人們是否應(yīng)該去南極洲旅游應(yīng)認(rèn)真地考慮一下。 7．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to Rix? A．Tourists can eat and smoke in Antarctica. B．Tourists can take something they like from Antarctica. C．Tourists can throw away something they don't need in Antarctic

64、a. D．Tourists can enjoy the beautiful scenery in Antarctica. 解析：選D　正誤判斷題。根據(jù)文章結(jié)尾處“to enjoy such breathtaking views”可知，游客可以在南極洲欣賞到美麗的景色。 8．Which of the following is the best title of this passage? A．Why can't tourists go to Antarctica? B．How can tourists go to Antarctica? C．Should tourists go to

65、 Antarctica? D．Are tourists allowed to go to Antarctica? 解析：選C　標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文的內(nèi)容可知，文章圍繞的是“應(yīng)不應(yīng)該去南極洲旅游？”這一話題而展開的，因此C項(xiàng)最適合作標(biāo)題。 C In 1800, only three percent of the world's population lived in cities.Only one city — Beijing — had a population of over a million.Most people lived in rural areas, and never

66、saw a city in their lives.In 1900, just a hundred years later, roughly 150 million people lived in cities, and the world's ten largest cities all had populations exceeding (超過) one million.By 2000, the number of city dwellers (居民) exceeded three billion; and in 2008, the world's population crossed a tipping point — more than half of the people on Earth lived in cities.By 2050, that could increase to over two-thirds.Clearly, humans have become an urban species. In the 19th and early 20th centuri