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1、 Unit5 Grammar 省略句 為了避免重復(fù)，省略句中的一個(gè)或幾個(gè)句子成分，這種現(xiàn)象稱為省略。常見的省略現(xiàn)象有： 1．簡(jiǎn)單句中的省略： (1)省略主語(yǔ)。 Haven’t seen you for ages.(＝I haven’t seen you for ages.) 我很久沒見你了。 Sounds like a good idea.(＝That sounds like a good idea.) 聽上去是個(gè)不錯(cuò)的主意。 (2)省略主謂語(yǔ)或一部分。 Why not make an apology to him？(＝Why don’t you make an apol

2、ogy to him？)為什么不給他道歉？ This way，please.(＝Come this way，please.) 這邊請(qǐng)。 Found the missing bag？(＝Have you found the missing bag？)你找到那個(gè)丟失的包了嗎？ I badly need to buy a cellphone，but I can’t afford to(buy a cellphone)．我急需買個(gè)手機(jī)，但我負(fù)擔(dān)不起。 注意：若不定式后為be動(dòng)詞時(shí)，則be不能省略；不定式后需用完成時(shí)時(shí)，則助動(dòng)詞have不能省略；如果不定式后要用完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，則have后

3、的been也不能省略。 —You should have handed in your composition in time. ——你應(yīng)該按時(shí)交作業(yè)。 —Yes，I should have(handed in my composition in time)，but I was too ill to finish it in time. ——是的，我本應(yīng)該交，但我病得厲害，無法按時(shí)完成。 —Your son ought to have been scolded yesterday，he made faces in the history teacher’s class. ——昨天你

4、兒子應(yīng)該受到批評(píng)，他在歷史老師的課上做鬼臉。 —So he ought to have been(scolded yesterday)，but I couldn’t find him yet. ——他確實(shí)應(yīng)該被批評(píng)，但我找不到他。 2．并列句中可省略與前句中相同的成分。 You learn Spanish and I (learn) German. 你學(xué)西班牙語(yǔ)，而我學(xué)德語(yǔ)。 When the summer comes，the day is getting longer and longer，and the night(is getting) shorter and shorter

5、.夏天來的時(shí)候，白天越來越長(zhǎng)，而夜晚越來越短。 3．主從復(fù)合句中的省略： (1)主句中有些成分可以省略，特別是句首。 Pity you couldn’t come to see their wonderful performance.(＝It was a pity that you couldn’t come to see their wonderful performance.)很遺憾你沒有來看他們精彩的表演。 (2)省略從句中與主句相同的部分。 I have a good opinion of soldiers，but I don’t know why (I have a goo

6、d opinion of soldiers)． 我對(duì)士兵有好感，但不知道為什么。 (3)省略一個(gè)從句或從句的一部分，用so或not(但不可用it或that)代替。 —Will he be able to pass the College Entrance Examination next year? ——他能通過明年的入學(xué)考試嗎？ —I believe so.(＝I believe that he will be able to pass...) ——我相信會(huì)的。 —Do you think I will achieve success? ——你認(rèn)為我能成功嗎？ —I’m a

7、fraid not. ——恐怕不行。 (4)主句和從句中各有些成分被省略。 The sooner，the better.(＝The sooner you do it，the better it will be.)越早越好。 4．其他省略： (1)連詞that的省略： 賓語(yǔ)從句中?？墒÷赃B詞that，但多個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句并列時(shí)只可以省略第一個(gè)that。由it作形式賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的that也不能省略。 He said (that) he would come and that he would stay here for only an hour.他說他能來，但只能待一

8、個(gè)小時(shí)。 I think it necessary that you should read English every day. 我認(rèn)為你每天讀英語(yǔ)是很有必要的。 關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或在定語(yǔ)從句中用于there be句型時(shí)，that也可以省略。 This is the happiest day (that) I have ever spent in all my life.這是我一生中度過的最快樂的一天。 China is not the country (that) she used to be. 中國(guó)不再是以前那樣。 This is the fastest t

9、rain (that) there is to Shanghai. 這是去上海的最快列車。 (2)不定式符號(hào)to的省略： ①并列的不定式，前面的不定式帶to，后面的to可省去，但如果兩個(gè)不定式之間有對(duì)比關(guān)系時(shí)，則不可以省去to。 I told him to sit down and wait for a moment. 我告訴他坐下來等一會(huì)兒。 To go home or to stay at school during the vacation is not decided yet.假期期間回家或待在學(xué)校還沒有決定。 主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)與比較狀語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)都為不定式時(shí)，to不能

10、被省略。 To see is to believe.眼見為實(shí)。 It is better to stay here than to go home. 待在這兒比回家更好。 ②某些使役動(dòng)詞(如make，let，have)及感官動(dòng)詞(如see，watch，notice，observe，hear，feel，look at，listen to等)后面作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的不定式一定要省去to，但在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中須把to復(fù)原。 People saw the little hero fall from the tall tree. 人們看到小英雄從高高的樹上掉了下來。 The little hero w

11、as seen to fall from the tall tree. 小英雄被看到從高高的樹上掉了下來。 ③help當(dāng)“幫助”講時(shí)，后面的賓語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的不定式符號(hào)to可被省略，也可不省略，但在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中不能省略to。 I will help (to) do it for you.我會(huì)給你幫助。 The peasants are often helped to repair tractors by the workers.農(nóng)民常被工人幫助修拖拉機(jī)。 ④介詞but前若有動(dòng)詞do的任何形式，后面的動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to。 There was clearly nothing to do

12、but turn to the police for help.很顯然除了向警察尋求幫助，沒有別的辦法了。 ⑤主語(yǔ)從句中有動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，后面作表語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式中的to可以省略。 What he did at last is (to) turn off the light and close the door before he left. 他離開前所做的最后一件事就是熄燈關(guān)上門。 (3)連詞if在部分虛擬條件句中可以省略，即當(dāng)虛擬條件句中有were，should或had時(shí)，可省去if，并將were，should或had提至條件句的句首。 Were I you (＝If I were y

13、ou)，I would accept the job offered by that company. 如果我是你，我會(huì)接受那家公司提供的工作。 Should the earth stop moving some day(＝If the earth stop moving some day)，man would not survive.如果某一天地球停止轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，人類就無法生存了。 (4)在某些狀語(yǔ)從句(如時(shí)間、條件、讓步、方式、比較等狀語(yǔ)從句中)，當(dāng)主從句的主語(yǔ)一致，且從句中有be動(dòng)詞時(shí)，可省去從句中的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞。 The professor won’t come to give u

14、s a lecture unless (he is) invited.除非被邀請(qǐng)，教授不會(huì)來給我們做講座。 (5)在某些狀語(yǔ)從句中，從句的主語(yǔ)是it時(shí)，其后的be動(dòng)詞連同主語(yǔ)it可一起被省略。 Fill in the blanks with articles where (it is) necessary. 在需要的地方用冠詞填空。 I will lend you some money if (it is) possible. 如果可能，我會(huì)借錢給你。 (6)than和as引導(dǎo)的比較狀語(yǔ)從句，在意義明確的情況下，可省略than和as后面的任何部分。 I am nearly as

15、tall as she (is)．我?guī)缀醺粯痈摺? A car goes faster than a bicycle (does)． 汽車比自行車跑得快。 Ⅰ.完成句子 1．When_necessary(必要時(shí))，you can send me an email. 2．Whether_true_or_false(不管是真是假)，the story is interesting. 3．He gave the_same_answer_as_before(和從前一樣的回答)． 4．Why_not(為什么不) go and help him at once? 5．—Aren’

16、t you the manager? —No，and I don’t_want_to_be(不想當(dāng))． 6．—The patient feels better than yesterday. —I know he_does(他好多了)． 7．He opened his mouth as_if_to_say_something(好像要說話)． 8．He may not stay at home.If_so(如果那樣的話)，leave him a message. 9．I’ll try my best to read more books if_possible(如果可能的話)． 1

17、0．—Will you join us in the discussion? —I’ll_be_glad_to(非常高興)． Ⅱ.單項(xiàng)填空　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 1．—Have you got any particular plans for the coming holiday? —Yes.________，I’m going to visit some homes for the old in the city. A．If ever B．If busy C．If anything D．If possible 答案　D 解析　句

18、意為：——對(duì)于即將到來的假期你有什么特別的計(jì)劃嗎？——有。如果可能的話，我打算拜訪一下城市里的一些敬老院。A項(xiàng)意為“如果曾經(jīng)有的話”；B項(xiàng)意為“如果忙的話”；C項(xiàng)不是固定結(jié)構(gòu)；D項(xiàng)意為“如果可能的話”。 2．—My room gets very cold at night. —________. A．So is mine B．So mine is C．So does mine D．So mine does 答案　C 解析　“so＋助動(dòng)詞＋主語(yǔ)”表示前面陳述的情況也適合于后者。 3．Women ________ drink more than two cups of

19、 coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those ________ don’t. A．who；/ B．/；who C．who；who D．/；/ 答案　C 解析　此句中包含兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，且關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中都作主語(yǔ)，不能省略。 4．I feel greatly honored________into their society. A．to welcome B．welcoming C．to be welcomed D．welcomed

20、答案　C 解析　welcome與“I”之間為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故welcome須用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式。該句語(yǔ)意相當(dāng)于I feel it a great honor to be welcomed into their society. 5．—Would you care for a drink? —No，thanks.I’d ________not. A．rather B．better C．like D．prefer 答案　A 解析　I’d rather not./You’d better not./I’d like not to.是英語(yǔ)中的三種固定用法。故選A項(xiàng)。 6．Young

21、 people today are living a much more comfortable life than their parents________several years ago. A．did B．had C．were D．would 答案　A 解析　根據(jù)上下文知應(yīng)該用助動(dòng)詞do。several years ago表明使用的是過去時(shí)態(tài)，故用did。 7．—Did the policeman let you in? —No，________I told him who I was. A．if B．once C．a(chǎn)s though

22、 D．even if 答案　D 解析　句意為：——警察讓你進(jìn)去了嗎？——沒有，即使我告訴他我是誰(shuí)。故選D項(xiàng)。 8．—She didn’t take the medicine last night，did she? —________. A．No，but I wish she wouldn’t B．No，but I wish she had C．Yes，but I wish she did D．Yes，but I wish she wouldn’t 答案　B 解析　英語(yǔ)中前否定，后肯定的反意疑問句的答語(yǔ)如果是No，漢語(yǔ)意思是“是的”；如果是“Yes”，漢語(yǔ)意思是“不”

23、，所以B答案正確，表示“是的，但是我多希望他昨晚吃藥了”。 9．I won’t go and attend his wedding party ______，for his deeds have terribly hurt my feelings. A．if invited B．even if invited C．until invited D．if not invited 答案　B 解析　句意為：即使被邀請(qǐng)，我也不會(huì)去參加他的婚禮的，因?yàn)樗龅氖虑閲?yán)重地傷害了我的感情，故選B項(xiàng)。 10．This is a disease that can result in tot

24、al blindness ______left untreated. A．a(chǎn)fter B．if C．since D．unless 答案　B 解析　句意為：這是一種病，如果不治的話就會(huì)導(dǎo)致(眼睛)完全失明。故選B項(xiàng)。 11．—I have never spoken ill of her. —________you don’t like her. A．If B．Because C．So that D．Though 答案　D 解析　句意為——我從未說過她的壞話?！m然你不喜歡她(也沒說過)。 12．An idea has

25、 to be put to the test for several times before ______ by the people. A．fully accepted B．being fully accepting C．to be fully accepted D．is fully accepted 答案　A 解析　句意為：一個(gè)想法要經(jīng)過多次檢驗(yàn)才能被人們完全接受。before fully accepted在完全被接受前，故選A項(xiàng)。 13．Without facts，we can’t form a correct opinion，for we

26、 need to have actual knowledge ________our thinking. A．which to be based on B．which to base on C．on which to base D．which to base 答案　C 解析　介詞＋which＋to do這種復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)常常用作后置定語(yǔ)。 14．—Was it two months ago ______ you luckily got an opportunity to spend your holidays in Spain? —________.John was the

27、lucky dog. A．when；Not really B．that；Not me C．that；Yet D．when；Not I 答案　B 解析　第一句話是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，故用that，排除A項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)；根據(jù)上下句的意思，第二個(gè)空應(yīng)該用Not me，故選B項(xiàng)。 15．________with the size of the whole earth，the highest mountain does not seem high at all. A．When compared B．While comparing C．Compare D

28、．Comparing 答案　A 解析　compare與the highest mountain存在著動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故選A項(xiàng)。 16．—I am thinking of buying a new car. —But ________if the police find out who has stolen your car? A．what　　　B．how　　　C．why　　　D．when 答案　A 解析　句意為：——我正在考慮買一輛新車?！墒侨绻觳槊髁苏l(shuí)偷了你的車怎么辦？What if...？如果……怎么辦？ 17．Endeavour is a good，strong sh

29、ip，though________. A．being not very fast B．to be not very fast C．not very fast D．is not very fast 答案　C 解析　句意為：奮進(jìn)號(hào)是一艘好的，結(jié)實(shí)的船，雖然不是很快。though not very fast是though it is not very fast的省略，故選C項(xiàng)。 18．When ________ with kindness，he was very noble and generous. A．being treated B．treated C．treating

30、 D．having been treated 答案　B 解析　句意為：如果別人對(duì)他好的話，他也很好，很大方。treat和he之間存在著動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故選B項(xiàng)。 19．—Whose advice do you think I should take? —________. A．You get it B．Up to you C．Anyone you like D．You speak 答案　B 解析　(It’s) up to you.由你來決定，符合語(yǔ)境。 20．The boy always comes to school late although

31、 his teacher tells him again and again________. A．not to B．not to be C．not to do D．don’t be 答案　A 解析　在不定式的省略中，往往省略to，如果to后面有be或have，必須保留be或have，故選A項(xiàng)。 Ⅲ.閱讀理解 A The old camera Brownie picked up in a charity shop was a splendid find.But the undeveloped film still inside tu

32、rned out to be even more of a treasure. New owner Don Roccoforte had it developed and saw in it an attractive dark haired woman in her thirties with two young boys.He immediately determined to try to find out who they were. A few weeks later the California-based camera collector received the news

33、that left him stunned.The woman was his wife Jaqueline’s aunt in a picture taken around 50 years ago，and one of the boys，her cousin. The couple have now unraveled(揭開)the astonishing coincidence，which leads back to Mrs.Roccoforte’s native Lancashire，where many of her family still live.The camera was

34、 bought from a shop in Preston by Brownie，a friend of Mr.Roccoforte，who knew of his interest in photography and thought it would be an unusual gift. Back in California，the contents of his new possession inspired Mr.Roccoforte’s curiosity.Recognizing the water in the background of the photo as a lak

35、e in Lancashire，he sent a copy to the local paper in Preston to see if any readers could help. Another relative recognized the group as Winnie Bamber，still living in the area at the age of 81，her son Tony，Mrs.Roccoforte’s cousin，and Tony’s childhood friend，Mick Murphy. Yesterday Mrs.Bamber was sti

36、ll gasping(驚訝地吸氣)at the turn of events which has reunited two strands(分支)of her family. She said she remembered taking the boys to the lake and losing the camera.The two boys，both now 58，still live near Preston. Mrs.Roccoforte’s father is Winnie Bamber’s brother—Billy Charnley. He and his wife mo

37、ved to America in the 1960s.Their daughter met Mr.Roccoforte there and they married and moved to Preston for two years before returning to America. 1．Which of the following is the right order of what happened? a．Don Roccoforte received a special present from his friend. b．Another relative recogni

38、zed Winnie Bamber and the two boys. c．Winnie Bamber，together with two boys，went to take pictures at a lake. d．Don Roccoforte sent a copy of the picture to a paper in Preston. e．The film was developed. f．The camera was lost. g．Brownie bought an old camera in shop. A c→f→b→a→d→g→e B．b→c→a→f→d→

39、e→g C c→f→g→a→e→d→b D．a(chǎn)→c→b→f→e→g→d 答案　C 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。通過文章倒數(shù)第三段可知先是在湖邊拍照，然后丟了相機(jī)，排除B、D兩項(xiàng)，然后是從一家商店買來相機(jī)作為禮物，故選C項(xiàng)。 2．Which of the following statements is NOT true? A．Tony is the son of Winnie Bamber. B．Billy Charnley’s daughter was married to Don Roccoforte. C．Brownie married Winnie Bamber. D．Mrs.

40、Roccoforte is Winnie Bamber’s niece. 答案　C 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第六段可知A選項(xiàng)正確。由文章最后一段可知B選項(xiàng)正確。從文章第三段可知D選項(xiàng)正確。 3．The underlined word “stunned” is closest in meaning to________. A．disappointed B．shocked C．worried D．satisfied 答案　B 解析　詞義猜測(cè)題。從后句“這是他妻子的姑姑在50年前的一張照片”可知他很震驚。故選B項(xiàng)。 4．Lancashire is most

41、likely to be located in________. A．America B．Russia C．California D．England 答案　D 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段和最后一段可知。 5．The best title for this passage would be________. A．The Film that Waited 50 Years to Be Developed B．An Unusual Reunion after about Half a Century C．A Special Present to a S

42、pecial Friend D．An Old Camera and the Beautiful Pictures Inside 答案　A 解析　主旨大意題。文章主要講述的是由一張50年前的未經(jīng)沖洗的照片而發(fā)現(xiàn)的一個(gè)巧合。故A選項(xiàng)為最佳選項(xiàng)。 B One day，Jenny told me that a boy named Eric had come to our class. “He is handicapped.Don’t laugh at him，”Jenny said before we entered the school.I was very naughty at th

43、at time.Whenever I saw someone disabled，I would laugh at him and follow what he did. We were a little early，and that boy didn’t show up until ten minutes later.He was unable to walk normally，and he had lost his right arm.But he didn’t look sad，he gave me a smile when he passed by me and noticed tha

44、t I was looking at him.However，after class，I did something that I really should not have done.He stood up and walked toward the door during the break.I went up to him and followed his steps.But I did it in a funny way，which made everybody burst into laughter.Eric turned back and saw what I had done.

45、He said nothing but smiled and walked out，which made me feel very sad，not because I had failed to make him angry，but because of how he treated me.That afternoon，I learnt something about him from the teacher. “He was in an earthquake a year ago.His foot was hit by something hard，and his arm was caug

46、ht under a big stone.In order to live，he cut off his arm，”said the teacher.My eyes were filled with tears when I heard that.He was a brave boy.I stopped making fun of others from then on.Eric later became my best friend，while Jenny has got married to him and is expecting their first child now. 6．Wh

47、at do we learn about Eric from the passage? A．He lost both of his parents during an earthquake. B．He was always laughed at by others. C．He has got married and will be a father quite soon. D．He felt very sad when the writer made fun of him. 答案　C 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后第一段的“while Jenny has got married t

48、o him and is expecting their first child now.”可知C項(xiàng)正確。 7．What does the underlined word “handicapped” in the second paragraph mean? A．Hurt. B．Scared. C．Disabled. D．Upset. 答案　C 解析　詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章后文的描述可知Eric是個(gè)身體有缺陷的人，所以Jenny應(yīng)當(dāng)是跟作者說Eric身體有缺陷，不要取笑他。 8．We can infer that Jenny as

49、ked the writer not to laugh at Eric most probably because________. A．she knew Eric didn’t like being laughed at B．she knew the writer was naughty and would laugh at Eric C．she knew how Eric lost his arm during the earthquake D．she herself hated being laughed at by others 答案　B 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“I

50、 was very naughty at that time.Whenever I saw someone disabled，I would laugh at him and follow what he did.”可知作者總是取笑身體有缺陷的人，Jenny正是因?yàn)榱私庾髡?，?dān)心他會(huì)取笑Eric才會(huì)這么跟他說的。 9．From the third paragraph，we can infer that what the writer did to Eric now seems very________to him. A．brave B．funny C．stupid D．smart

51、答案　C 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“I did something that I really should not have done.”可知作者現(xiàn)在非常后悔當(dāng)初的行為，他應(yīng)當(dāng)認(rèn)為當(dāng)初的行為是很愚蠢的。 10．We can learn from the passage that________. A．the teacher was very angry at what the writer did to Eric B．the writer and Jenny were best friends in school C．the writer doesn’t make fun of others now D．the writer doesn’t see Eric quite often now 答案　C 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段的“I stopped making fun of others from then on.”可知作者現(xiàn)在不取笑別人了。 8