(江蘇專用)2019高考英語(yǔ)二輪培優(yōu)復(fù)習(xí) 專題一 單項(xiàng)填空 板塊二 句法結(jié)構(gòu)類習(xí)題
《(江蘇專用)2019高考英語(yǔ)二輪培優(yōu)復(fù)習(xí) 專題一 單項(xiàng)填空 板塊二 句法結(jié)構(gòu)類習(xí)題》由會(huì)員分享,可在線閱讀,更多相關(guān)《(江蘇專用)2019高考英語(yǔ)二輪培優(yōu)復(fù)習(xí) 專題一 單項(xiàng)填空 板塊二 句法結(jié)構(gòu)類習(xí)題(17頁(yè)珍藏版)》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。
1、 板塊二 │ 句法結(jié)構(gòu)類 定語(yǔ)從句是形容詞性從句,相當(dāng)于形容詞的用法,其功能是修飾先行詞,對(duì)其性質(zhì)、特征進(jìn)行描述,先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中一般充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)等。狀語(yǔ)從句是副詞性從句,相當(dāng)于副詞的用法,其功能是在復(fù)合句中作狀語(yǔ)。根據(jù)狀語(yǔ)從句的含義,狀語(yǔ)從句一般可以充當(dāng)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、條件、目的、結(jié)果、讓步、方式和比較等狀語(yǔ)。名詞性從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組,一般在句子中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或同位語(yǔ)。 1.This is ________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for th
2、e best.(2018·北京高考) A.how B.which C.that D.what 答案 D [句意:這是我父親教我的——總是面對(duì)困難,并抱最大的希望。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知,此處用what引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。句中的to always face difficulties and hope for the best是what指代的內(nèi)容。] 2.The gold medal will be awarded to ________ wins the first place in the bicycle race.(2018·天津高考) A.whomever B.wherever C.wh
3、oever D.whatever 答案 C [句意:金牌將會(huì)被頒發(fā)給在自行車(chē)比賽中獲得第一的任何選手。本空需要連接詞引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,連接詞在從句中作主語(yǔ),指人,同時(shí)根據(jù)句意可知,應(yīng)用whoever“……的任何人,無(wú)論誰(shuí)”引導(dǎo)這個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句。] 3.She asked me ________ I had returned the books to the library,and I admitted that I hadn’t.(2017·天津高考) A.when B.where C.whether D.what 答案 C [句意:他問(wèn)我是否已經(jīng)把書(shū)還給圖書(shū)館了,我承認(rèn)我還沒(méi)有還
4、。根據(jù)句意,故選C。] 4.Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street,not knowing ________ she was heading.(2017·北京高考) A.why B.where C.how D.when 答案 B [句意:Jane漫無(wú)目的地走在兩旁栽樹(shù)的街道上,不知道她將去往何方,根據(jù)句意可知選B。] 5.Your support is important to our work.________ you can do helps.(2016·北京高考) A.However B.Whoever C.
5、Whatever D.Wherever 答案 C [句意:你的支持對(duì)我們的工作很重要。無(wú)論你能做什么(whatever),都會(huì)對(duì)我們有幫助。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,所填詞引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句,且在從句中作do的賓語(yǔ),所以C項(xiàng)whatever “無(wú)論什么”符合語(yǔ)境。] 6.The manager put forward a suggestion ________ we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.(2016·天津高考) A.whether B.that C.which D.what 答案 B [句意:經(jīng)理提了個(gè)
6、建議——我們應(yīng)雇個(gè)助手。要做的工作太多了。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空格后的同位語(yǔ)從句用來(lái)解釋說(shuō)明suggestion的具體內(nèi)容,從句中不缺成分且意義完整,故選B項(xiàng)that。] 7.________ Li Bai,a great Chinese poet,was born is known to the public,but some won’t accept it.(江蘇高考) A.That B.Why C.Where D.How 答案 C [句意:中國(guó)的大詩(shī)人李白的出生地眾所周知,但有些人還不認(rèn)可。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,a great Chinese poet是Li Bai的同位語(yǔ),whe
7、re Li Bai...was born是主語(yǔ)從句,表示“李白出生的地方”。] 【名師點(diǎn)睛】 名詞性從句包括主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句??疾榈囊c(diǎn)主要是連接代詞和副詞的正確使用,主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)序,雙重連接詞以及特殊句型的使用等。其考點(diǎn)主要包括: 1.考查名詞性從句的連接詞。如:有詞義的連接代詞who,whose,whom,what,which; 連接副詞when,where,why,how; 從屬連詞that,whether,if,as if; 無(wú)詞義的that在從句中不擔(dān)任成分,有時(shí)可省略。 2.考查名詞性從句的語(yǔ)序和時(shí)態(tài)。 3.考查it作形式主語(yǔ)、形式賓語(yǔ)的情況。如
8、: (1)It+be+形容詞(necessary,important,obvious等)+that從句。 (2)It+be+過(guò)去分詞+that從句。 (3)It+be+名詞(a surprise,a fact,a shame,an honour等)+that從句。 (4)It+不及物動(dòng)詞(appear,happen等)+that從句。 4.名詞性從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如: (1)It is (was)+ essential (important,natural...) +that...; (2)It is (was) suggested (demanded,wished,desire
9、d...)that...等。 5.what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)的語(yǔ)義功能和語(yǔ)法功能。如:what=the thing that/anything that...; what=the place that...; what=the time that...; what=the person that...等。 6.whoever,whatever,whichever引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)的語(yǔ)義功能和語(yǔ)法功能。 1.Kate,________ sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Aus
10、tralia.(2018·天津高考) A.whom B.that C.whose D.her 答案 C [句意:凱特到澳大利亞去工作了。讀大學(xué)的時(shí)候我和她的姐姐住一個(gè)寢室。從句子結(jié)構(gòu)看,本空需要關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞為Kate,且關(guān)系代詞在從句中作定語(yǔ),因此用關(guān)系代詞whose引導(dǎo)這個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。] 2.She and her family bicycle to work,________ helps them keep fit.(2018·北京高考) A.which B.who C.as D.that 答案 A [句意:她和她的家人騎自行車(chē)上班,這有助于他們保持健康。
11、根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處用which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,指代前面的事。] 3.My eldest son,________work takes him all over the world,is in New York at the moment.(2017·天津高考) A.that B.whose C.his D.who 答案 B [本句是一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞是My eldest son,根據(jù)句意和空后名詞確定引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作定語(yǔ),選項(xiàng)中只有whose能夠修飾名詞作定語(yǔ)。故選B。] 4.The little problems ________ we meet in
12、our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.(2017·北京高考) A.that B.as C.where D.when 答案 A [句意:我們?cè)谌粘I钪杏龅降男?wèn)題可能就是偉大發(fā)明的靈感。此句是定語(yǔ)從句,從句缺少賓語(yǔ),先行詞是problems,故用that。] 5.I live next door to a couple ________ children often make a lot of noise.(2016·北京高考) A.whose B.why C.where D.which
13、答案 A [句意:我住在一對(duì)夫婦的隔壁,他們的孩子(whose children)經(jīng)常吵吵鬧鬧。whose引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,且在從句中作children的定語(yǔ)。] 6.We will put off the picnic in the park until next week,________ the weather may be better.(2016·天津高考) A.that B.where C.which D.when 答案 D [句意:我們將把去公園野餐推遲到下周,那時(shí)天氣可能更好。分析句子成分可知定語(yǔ)從句中缺少時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),故用when引導(dǎo)。] 7.The number
14、of smokers,________ is reported,has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.(江蘇高考) A.it B.which C.what D.as 答案 D [句意:正如所報(bào)道的,煙民的數(shù)量?jī)H僅在一年內(nèi)就下降了17%。as作為關(guān)系代詞,引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,位置非常靈活,可位于主句前、主句后,也可位于主句中間。which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)位于主句之后。] 【名師點(diǎn)睛】 定語(yǔ)從句的用法較為復(fù)雜,高考除了單獨(dú)考查定語(yǔ)從句知識(shí)外,還常常結(jié)合句式結(jié)構(gòu)、時(shí)態(tài)等來(lái)綜合考查??v觀近幾年各地高考試題,不難發(fā)現(xiàn)其考點(diǎn)主要包括:
15、 1.考查關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的區(qū)分。如:that,which和where,when的區(qū)分; that,which和why的區(qū)分等。 2.考查whose的使用。whose可以指代人或物,在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ),后跟名詞。指物時(shí),whose+名詞=名詞+ of which=of which+名詞。 The classroom whose door/the door of which/of which the door is broken is on the second floor. 3.考查as/which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。尤其要重視which,as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句和it,wha
16、t引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)分。 4.考查定語(yǔ)從句中的主謂一致現(xiàn)象。 I,who am your close friend,will try my best to help you whenever you are in trouble. 5.考查“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句?!敖樵~+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,關(guān)系代詞指人時(shí)用whom,指物時(shí)用which,不能用that。關(guān)系代詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)也可用whose。 The teacher in front of whose house stands a tall tree is very patient with his students. 同
17、時(shí)還要重視“復(fù)雜介詞或代詞”出現(xiàn)時(shí)與并列句的區(qū)別。 He loved his parents deeply,both of whom are very kind to him.(定語(yǔ)從句) He loved his parents deeply and both of them are very kind to him.(并列句) 此外,“介詞+which +名詞”結(jié)構(gòu),也是一個(gè)較為特殊的結(jié)構(gòu)。 He was very ill,in which case(=and in this case) we sent him to hospital first. 6.考查一些特殊的先行詞。如
18、:當(dāng)situation,point,case,activity,scene及period,festival,occasion等出現(xiàn)時(shí),要注意具體情況具體分析;作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)時(shí),用關(guān)系代詞that/which;作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),用關(guān)系副詞where/when或“介詞+which”,表示在某種特定的情形下。 7.考查定語(yǔ)從句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句等的區(qū)別。 The news that he had passed the exam pleased him and his family.(同位語(yǔ)從句) The news (that) he told me this morning is not in
19、teresting.(定語(yǔ)從句) It was 1914 when the war broke out.(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句) It was in 1914 that the war broke out.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句) 1.________ we don’t stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone.(2018·北京高考) A.Although B.While C.If D.Until 答案 C [句意:如果我們不阻止氣候變化,世界上許多動(dòng)植物將不復(fù)存在。根據(jù)句意可知,此處用If引
20、導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。] 2.Let’s not pick these peaches until this weekend ________ they get sweet enough to be eaten.(2018·天津高考) A.ever since B.as if C.even though D.so that 答案 D [從句意的連貫看,空前說(shuō)等到周末再摘這些桃子,空后說(shuō)“它們就變得夠甜了,可以吃了”,這里應(yīng)該用so that“以便”引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句。] 3.If you don’t understand something,you may research,study,
21、and talk to other people ________ you figure it out.(2017·北京高考) A.because B.though C.until D.since 答案 C [句意:如果你無(wú)法理解某個(gè)東西,你可能會(huì)研究,學(xué)習(xí)和他人探討直到你解決為止。根據(jù)句意可知選C。] 4.________ birds use their feathers for flight,some of their feathers are for other purposes.(2017·北京高考) A.Once B.If C.Although D.Bec
22、ause 答案 C [句意:盡管鳥(niǎo)兒們用羽毛來(lái)飛翔,但是他們的一些羽毛還有其他用途。前后句子之間是讓步關(guān)系,故選C。] 5.________ online shopping has changed our life,not all of its effects have been positive.(2016·浙江高考) A.Since B.After C.While D.Unless 答案 C [句意:盡管(while)網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物改變了我們的生活,但并非它的所有影響都是積極正面的。while意為“盡管”,表讓步關(guān)系,符合句意。since自從……以來(lái),因?yàn)?;after在……之后
23、;unless除非,如果不。] 【名師點(diǎn)睛】 狀語(yǔ)從句包括時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句、條件狀語(yǔ)從句、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句、原因狀語(yǔ)從句、目的狀語(yǔ)從句和結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。狀語(yǔ)從句的考查主要集中在連接詞的掌握上,尤其要重視as,until,before,since,when,in case等連詞的各種語(yǔ)義功能和語(yǔ)法功能。其考點(diǎn)主要包括: 1.考查狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞。要掌握每個(gè)連詞的含義及其用法,還有它們之間的一些區(qū)別。如:時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有while,when,as,as soon as,until,not...until,before,after,since等; 條件狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有 if,unles
24、s,in case,on condition that,provided (that),supposing,suppose (that)等; 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有so...that(如此……以至于),such...that(如此……以至于)等。 2.考查固定搭配和習(xí)慣用法的連接詞。如:no sooner...than/hardly...when(一……就……); the moment/minute,directly等的連詞功能。 3.考查不同性質(zhì)的連詞在不同的語(yǔ)境中所表現(xiàn)的不同意義,如as既能引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,又能引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句和讓步狀語(yǔ)從句; where引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句等。
25、 4.考查狀語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)。主要考查時(shí)間、條件、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái),以及一般過(guò)去時(shí)代替過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的用法。 5.考查狀語(yǔ)從句的省略。在時(shí)間、原因、條件、方式、讓步等狀語(yǔ)從句中,常常省略相同的主語(yǔ)或作主語(yǔ)的代詞it以及be動(dòng)詞,保留現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式等成分。如果從句中有“it is+形容詞”,也可以省略it is。 連詞的考查主要集中在并列句和各種復(fù)合句中,主要考查連詞的意義辨析。如:and,but,or或while以及其他連接名詞性從句、定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞、關(guān)聯(lián)詞。 1.Ordinary soap,________ correctly, ca
26、n deal with bacteria effectively.(2018·北京高考) A.used B.to use C.using D.use 答案 A [句意:普通肥皂,如果正確使用,能有效地處理細(xì)菌。根據(jù)句意以及句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處用動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式作非限制性定語(yǔ),Ordinary soap與use之間是邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以用過(guò)去分詞。] 2.I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph ________.(2018·天津高考) A.taking B.taken C.being taken
27、D.take 答案 B [從句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)看,本空在句中作賓補(bǔ),動(dòng)詞take與my photograph之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,故應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞,因此選B。] 3.I didn’t mean ________ anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help ________ it.(2018·天津高考) A.to eat; to try B.eating;trying C.eating;to try D.to eat;trying 答案 D [從句意看,第一空所在部分用mean to do sth表示“
28、打算做某事”,第二空用couldn’t help doing sth表示“忍不住做某事”,因此選D。] 4.During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together ________ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.(2018·北京高考) A.share B.to share C.having shared D.shared 答案 B [句意:在中秋節(jié)期間,家庭成員常常歡聚一堂,享受大餐、賞月并品嘗月餅。根據(jù)句意以及句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處用不
29、定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。] 5.________ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.(2018·北京高考) A.Travel B.Traveling C.Having traveled D.Traveled 答案 B [句意:沿著古老的絲綢之路旅行是一種有趣且有益的體驗(yàn)。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處用動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)。] 6.I was watching the clock all through the meeting,as I had a train________.(2017·天津高考) A
30、.catching B.caught C.to catch D.to be caught 答案 C [ 句意:在整個(gè)會(huì)議期間我一直在看鐘表,因?yàn)槲乙ペs火車(chē)。根據(jù)句意判斷出as引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句,Sb have sth to do 某人有某事要做(在本句中to do 由主語(yǔ)完成),根據(jù)句意判斷選C。] 【名師點(diǎn)睛】 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是高中英語(yǔ)教學(xué)的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn),也是歷屆高考的重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目。命題熱點(diǎn)多是借助于基本概念,在語(yǔ)境中考查常用動(dòng)詞的各種非謂語(yǔ)形式以及個(gè)性動(dòng)詞后的非謂語(yǔ)形式。有時(shí)也涉及非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞邏輯主語(yǔ)的一致性問(wèn)題以及獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中非謂語(yǔ)的各種變化。其考點(diǎn)主要包括: 1.考查對(duì)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與非
31、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的識(shí)別,要求明確句子的結(jié)構(gòu)和意義,掌握非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的基本用法。 2.考查不定式和動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的區(qū)別,要求掌握一些常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞后面所接賓語(yǔ)的形式。 3.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別,尤其是不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)、過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)所表示的不同時(shí)間、邏輯關(guān)系和意義?,F(xiàn)在分詞和不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別應(yīng)引起足夠重視。 4.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定式、完成式、被動(dòng)式及復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),要求掌握其構(gòu)成形式、所表示的時(shí)間以及邏輯關(guān)系。 1.In any unsafe situation, simply ________ the button and a highly-trained agent
32、will get you the help you need.(2018·北京高考) A.press B.to press C.pressing D.pressed 答案 A [句意:在任何不安全的情況下,只要按下按鈕,一個(gè)訓(xùn)練有素的代理人就會(huì)給你需要的幫助。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處為祈使句,所以用動(dòng)詞原形。] 2.It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house ________ we saw Lily in the passenger seat.(2018·天津高考) A.which B.that C.when
33、 D.where 答案 B [去掉題干的It was和空處后,這個(gè)句子語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)依然完整,表示“只有當(dāng)汽車(chē)停在我家房前的時(shí)候,我們才看到乘客座位上的莉莉”,因此這是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句式,被強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“only+狀語(yǔ)從句”,因此選B。] 3.Nowadays,cycling,along with jogging and swimming,________as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.(2017·天津高考) A.regard B.is regarded C.are regarded D.regards 答案 B [句意:如今,與慢
34、跑和游泳一樣,騎自行車(chē)被看作最全面的運(yùn)動(dòng)方式之一。本句謂語(yǔ)與主語(yǔ)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,表示“被看作”,應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);句子主語(yǔ)部分是A along with B結(jié)構(gòu),因此謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)在人稱和數(shù)上與A保持一致。] 4.It was when I got back to my apartment________I first came across my new neighbors.(2017·天津高考) A.who B.where C.which D.that 答案 D [句意:當(dāng)我回到我的公寓的時(shí)候,我第一次遇見(jiàn)了我的新鄰居。本句中去掉It was 和空格,句意完整,所以本句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,強(qiáng)
35、調(diào)的是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,應(yīng)用that。故選D。] 5.Only after talking to two students ________ that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.(湖南高考) A.I did discover B.did I discover C.I discovered D.discovered I 答案 B [句意:直到跟兩個(gè)學(xué)生談了話以后我才發(fā)現(xiàn),有強(qiáng)烈的動(dòng)機(jī)是達(dá)到目標(biāo)的最重要的因素之一。only修飾after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),且位于句首,故句子需
36、用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序。] 【名師點(diǎn)睛】 從近幾年高考試題來(lái)看,特殊句式主要考查倒裝句、省略句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句的用法。命題的著重點(diǎn)在以下幾個(gè)方面: 1.考查倒裝句式,特別注意以下三種情況: (1)含有否定意義的詞置于句首時(shí),部分倒裝。 (2)only位于句首修飾狀語(yǔ)等,部分倒裝。 (3)so/such...that句型中,so/such位于句首時(shí),后面的主句倒裝,that從句不倒裝。 2.考查省略句的構(gòu)成,尤其是以下四種情況: (1)省略主語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的一部分。 (2)狀語(yǔ)從句省略為“連詞+非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞”形式,務(wù)必要明確句子主語(yǔ)與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯關(guān)系以及非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與謂語(yǔ)的時(shí)間關(guān)系
37、。 (3)不定式的省略。 (4)not,so,neither,nor的“替代性”省略。 3.考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的構(gòu)成和強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)的方法。近幾年高考更加注重考查知識(shí)之間的交叉現(xiàn)象,加大了綜合考查語(yǔ)法知識(shí)的力度,以下幾個(gè)方面要引起高度重視: (1)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的一般疑問(wèn)句式和特殊疑問(wèn)句式的構(gòu)成。 (2)強(qiáng)調(diào)not...until...句型的特殊構(gòu)成方式。 (3)把強(qiáng)調(diào)句型與定語(yǔ)從句、省略句以及強(qiáng)調(diào)句型與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句的考查等融合到一起考查學(xué)生綜合把握語(yǔ)法知識(shí)的能力。 1.I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do_______
38、_with students.(2016·浙江高考) A.working B.work C.to work D.worked 答案 A [句意:航海的樂(lè)趣與我現(xiàn)在和學(xué)生一起上課的樂(lè)趣一樣多。題干中的do指代前面的have fun,have fun doing sth做某事很開(kāi)心,是固定搭配,故選A。] 2.The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows,________ air conditioning unnecessary.(2016·天津高考) A.making B.to make C.made D.being
39、 made 答案 A [句意:涼爽的風(fēng)通過(guò)我們臥室的窗戶吹進(jìn)來(lái),沒(méi)有必要吹空調(diào)了。題中swept是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,所以make只能用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式;句子主語(yǔ)the cooling wind與make是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。B項(xiàng)to make也可以作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ),但表示出乎意料的結(jié)果,不符合語(yǔ)境。] 3.A ship in harbor is safe,but that’s not________ships are built for.(安徽高考) A.what B.whom C.why D.when 答案 A [句意:船停在港口是安全的,但那不是造船的本意。從ships are
40、 built for來(lái)看,表語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞作for的賓語(yǔ)。why和when是連接副詞,不能作賓語(yǔ),而whom指人,因此選what。] 4.The books on the desk,________ covers are shiny,are prizes for us.(四川高考) A.which B.what C.whose D.that 答案 C [句意:桌子上那些封面閃亮的書(shū)是為我們準(zhǔn)備的獎(jiǎng)品。該句的主句是“The books...are prizes for us.”。此處 whose引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾限定先行詞books;“封面(covers)”是那些書(shū)的,因此要用who
41、se表示所有關(guān)系;whose covers等于the covers of which。] 5.We need to get to the root of the problem________ we can solve it.(天津高考) A.while B.after C.before D.as 答案 C [句意:我們需要找到問(wèn)題的根源,________我們能解決它。while表示“然而”時(shí),連接并列句,表示“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”時(shí),引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。after在……之后,引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句;before在……之前,引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句;as表示“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”時(shí),引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,表示“因
42、為”時(shí),引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句,表示“正如”時(shí),引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句。由語(yǔ)境可知,我們?cè)诮鉀Q問(wèn)題前需要找到其根源,因此用before引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。] 6.It was when we were returning home ________I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.(湖南高考) A.which B.that C.where D.how 答案 B [句意:是我們快要回家的時(shí)候,我才意識(shí)到了幫助有困難的人感覺(jué)多么美妙!強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為“It is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+th
43、at/who+剩余部分.”。若將It is/was與that/who去掉,句子成分仍然完整,那么該句就是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。經(jīng)判斷,When we were returning home I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.句子成分完整,由此可以斷定本句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句,空格處應(yīng)用that。] 7.If ________ for the job,you’ll be informed soon.(北京高考) A.to accept B.accept C.accepting D.accepted 答
44、案 D [句意:如果你被錄用做這份工作,你很快就會(huì)接到通知。句中you與accept之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞,所以答案為D。本題中if之后省略了主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞,補(bǔ)充完整為:If you are accepted for the job,you’ll be informed soon.] 8.The climate here is quite pleasant,the temperature rarely,________,reaching 30℃ in summer.(福建高考) A.if not B.if ever C.if any D.if so 答案 B [句意:這里的氣
45、候宜人,________,在夏季氣溫極少達(dá)到30攝氏度。if not如果不;if ever如果曾經(jīng)有,如果曾經(jīng)發(fā)生;if any如果有的話;if so如果是這樣的話。根據(jù)句中的關(guān)鍵詞quite pleasant(宜人),rarely(極少)可知,空格處表達(dá)的意思是“如果曾經(jīng)有(if ever)”。if ever相當(dāng)于if it(the temperature) ever reached 30 ℃ in summer。] 9.The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China,________ he remembers
46、 starting as early as his childhood.(江蘇高考) A.where B.which C.what D.when 答案 B [分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,“________ he remembers starting as early as his childhood”為定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞是passion,且空處在從句中作賓語(yǔ),因此選which。] 10.In the global economy,a new drug for cancer,________ it is discovered,will create many economic possibi
47、lities around the world.(江蘇高考) A.whatever B.whoever C.wherever D.whichever 答案 C [分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,“________ it is discovered”為狀語(yǔ)從句,空處在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),因此選wherever “無(wú)論在哪里”,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。] 1.“I’m in China”,________ invites foreign natives worldwide to experience unique jobs,is a project under the guidance of the S
48、tate Council.(2018·南京市、鹽城市高三年級(jí)第二次模擬) A.that B.which C.where D.what 答案 B [定語(yǔ)從句缺主語(yǔ),代指“I’m in China”,故選B。] 2.Save your apology for ________ you really make everything a mess. (2018·蘇北四市高三第一次調(diào)研測(cè)試) A.unless B.once C.when D.though 答案 C [句意:把你的道歉用在你真的把事情弄得一團(tuán)糟的時(shí)候。when引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。故選C 。]
49、 3.The palace has been restored to resemble ________ it was during the time of Emperor Qianlong.(2018·南京市、鹽城市高三年級(jí)第二次模擬考試) A.what B.that C.which D.how 答案 A [resemble為及物動(dòng)詞,意為“與……相似”,故其后為賓語(yǔ)從句,從句缺表語(yǔ),所以用連接代詞what。] 4.By and by,a full moon appeared from behind the clouds,________ the small mountain
50、 village in silver light.(2018·江蘇四星級(jí)學(xué)校4月聯(lián)考) A.bathed B.bathing C.having bathed D.being bathed 答案 B [句意:不一會(huì)兒,一輪滿月從云彩后出現(xiàn),將銀色的月光撒滿小山村。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處應(yīng)填非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,又a full moon與bathe之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,故應(yīng)用其現(xiàn)在分詞形式在句中充當(dāng)伴隨狀語(yǔ)。bathe意為“(以光線)撒滿,使沐浴在(光線)里”。] 5.What you do not want ________ to yourself,do not do to others.(
51、2018·南京市、鹽城市高三年級(jí)第二次模擬考試) A.doing B.done C.being done D.having done 答案 B [句意:己所不欲勿施于人,即你不想發(fā)生在自己身上的事情,也不要對(duì)別人做。want sth done “希望某事被做”。] 6.Sometimes it’s hard to accept the truth ________ the lie sounds so much better.(2018·南京市高三年級(jí)第三次模擬) A.because B.unless C.though D.until 答案 A [句意:有時(shí)候真相很難被接受
52、因?yàn)橹e言聽(tīng)起來(lái)更好聽(tīng)。前后分句為因果關(guān)系,故選A。] 7.Persistent people begin their success ________ others end in failure.(2018·南京市、鹽城市高三年級(jí)第二次模擬) A.where B.while C.since D.though 答案 A [句意:在別人失敗放棄的地方,堅(jiān)持的人會(huì)開(kāi)始他們的成功之路。where引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句,并在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。] 8.Big data is the driving force behind this zone’s development,a steady stre
53、am of new big data construction projects constantly ________.(2018·蘇北四市高三第一次調(diào)研) A.being introduced B.introducing C.having introduced D.to be introduced 答案 A [前句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,中間為逗號(hào),后句不可再有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。后句中主語(yǔ)與動(dòng)詞為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,且根據(jù)句意時(shí)態(tài)為現(xiàn)在時(shí),故選A。] 9.Several melon stalls were below the window and above them ________ with a b
54、ig clock on top of it.(2018·蘇北四市高三第一次調(diào)研) A.was the Telecom Tower B.were the Telecom Tower C.the Telecom Tower was D.the Telecom Tower were 答案 A [題干為表語(yǔ)倒裝句,還原出來(lái)應(yīng)該是 the telecom tower was above them 所以選A。] 10.Coming-of-age is a ceremony ________ young people wear traditional costumes to mark the t
55、ransition from youth to adulthood.(2018·南京市高三年級(jí)第三次模擬) A.that B.what C as D.where 答案 D [句意:成人禮是一個(gè)儀式,在這個(gè)儀式上孩子們穿著傳統(tǒng)服飾標(biāo)志著孩子從青少年成長(zhǎng)為成年人。where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。指代前面的ceremony,相當(dāng)于in which。故選D。] 11.Frankly speaking,such efficient strategies were applied in English learning practice ________ every student could b
56、enefit from in life. A.when B.that C.as D.where 答案 C [句意:坦白地講,如此有效的策略在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)實(shí)踐中的應(yīng)用以至于每一位學(xué)生在生活中都能從中受益。該題是such...as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句的考查,從句中缺少賓語(yǔ)成分,可知應(yīng)該要使用“as”一詞,故C項(xiàng)正確。] 12.The film Youth,the theme of ________ about the youth,has enjoyed great popularity recently. A.it B.which C.that D.what 答案 A [句意:
57、主題為青春的電影“芳華”近期受到了熱烈的歡迎。該題考查的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu),即:主語(yǔ)+介詞短語(yǔ);B項(xiàng)為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,其形式應(yīng)該為“the theme of which is about the youth”,故A項(xiàng)正確。] 13.The Oscars have been around for so long that they serve as an indicator of ________ the Hollywood community values now and in the past. A.that B.where C.how D.what 答案 D [句意:多年的奧斯
58、卡充當(dāng)了好萊塢現(xiàn)在和過(guò)去所注重的指示標(biāo)。此題考查的名詞性從句中的介賓,介詞of后面的從句中value一詞明顯缺少賓語(yǔ)成分,故要使用what充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ),所以D項(xiàng)正確。] 14.In the final of the World Indoor Championships,Su Bingtian locked a personal best of 6.42 seconds,________ the Asian record of 6.43,which he also set last month in Germany. A.to break B.breaking C.broken D.hav
59、ing broken 答案 B [句意:在世界室內(nèi)錦標(biāo)賽上,蘇炳添創(chuàng)造了個(gè)人最好的6.42秒記錄,也打破了他上個(gè)月在德國(guó)創(chuàng)造的6.43的亞洲記錄。此題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,邏輯主語(yǔ)為Su Bingtian,與break為邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系,故需要用現(xiàn)在分詞表示伴隨,故選B項(xiàng)。] 15.Never once ________ with each other since they were married 40 years ago. A.did the old couple quarrel B.have the couple quarreled C.quarreled the couple D.would the couple quarrel 答案 B [句意:那對(duì)老夫妻結(jié)婚40年了從沒(méi)有吵過(guò)架。該題考查的是倒裝句,題干中涉及到的是never一詞位于句首的部分倒裝,同時(shí)since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)主句要使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),故B項(xiàng)適合。] 17
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