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1、 Unit 1 Great scientists Ⅰ.閱讀理解 (2018·天津) There’s a new frontier in 3D printing that’s beginning to come into focus:food.Recent development has made possible machines that print,cook,and serve foods on a mass scale.And the industry isn’t stopping there. Food production With a 3D printer,a coo

2、k can print complicated chocolate sculptures and beautiful pieces for decoration on a wedding cake.Not everybody can do that—it takes years of experience,but a printer makes it easy.A restaurant in Spain uses a Foodini to “re-create forms and pieces” of food that are “exactly the same,” freeing cook

3、s to complete other tasks.In another restaurant,all of the dishes and desserts it serves are 3D-printed,rather than farm to table. Sustainability(可持續(xù)性) The global population is expected to grow to 9.6 billion by 2050,and some analysts estimate that food production will need to be raised by 50 perc

4、ent to maintain current levels.Sustainability is becoming a necessity.3D food printing could probably contribute to the solution.Some experts believe printers could use hydrocolloids (水解膠體) from plentiful renewables like algae (藻類) and grass to replace the familiar ingredients (烹飪?cè)?.3D printing can

5、 reduce fuel use and emissions.Grocery stores of the future might stock “food” that lasts years on end,freeing up shelf space and reducing transportation and storage requirements. Nutrition Future 3D food printers could make processed food healthier.Hod Lipson,a professor at Columbia University,sa

6、id,“Food printing could allow consumers to print food with customized nutritional content,like vitamins.So instead of eating a piece of yesterday’s bread from the supermarket,you’d eat something baked just for you on demand.” Challenges Despite recent advancements in 3D food printing,the industry

7、has many challenges to overcome.Currently,most ingredients must be changed to a paste (糊狀物) before a printer can use them,and the printing process is quite time-consuming,because ingredients interact with each other in very complex ways.On top of that,most of the 3D food printers now are restricted

8、to dry ingredients,because meat and milk products may easily go bad.Some experts are skeptical about 3D food printers,believing they are better suited for fast food restaurants than homes and high-end restaurants. 【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一項(xiàng)新的3D食物打印技術(shù),包括食物打印的省時(shí)高效的特點(diǎn)、所使用的原料的可持續(xù)性、提供顧客所需要的營(yíng)養(yǎng)以及目前技術(shù)推廣面臨的挑戰(zhàn)

9、等。 1.What benefit does 3D printing bring to food production? A.It helps cooks to create new dishes. B.It saves time and effort in cooking. C.It improves the cooking conditions. D.It contributes to restaurant decorations. 答案B 解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一、二句可知,一名廚師需要有多年的經(jīng)驗(yàn)積累才能在婚禮蛋糕上裝飾出復(fù)雜的圖案,但一臺(tái)3D打印機(jī)可以很容易就做到

10、。由此可知,3D打印技術(shù)在食品制作方面節(jié)省了時(shí)間和精力。故選B項(xiàng)。 2.What can we learn about 3D food printing from Paragraph 3? A.It solves food shortages easily. B.It quickens the transportation of food. C.It needs no space for the storage of food. D.It uses renewable materials as sources of food. 答案D 解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第四句可知,專家相

11、信3D打印機(jī)可使用大量的藻類和草等可再生資源形成的水解膠體代替熟知的烹飪?cè)?。故選D項(xiàng)。 3.According to Paragraph 4,3D-printed food 　　　.? A.is more available to consumers B.can meet individual nutritional needs C.is more tasty than food in supermarkets D.can keep all the nutrition in raw materials 答案B 解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中Hod Lipson教授的話可知,食品打

12、印使顧客能打印出富含個(gè)性化需求所需營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分的食物。因此,顧客不必吃昨天從超市買來(lái)的面包,而是隨需烤制。故選B項(xiàng)。 4.What is the main factor that prevents 3D food printing from spreading widely? A.The printing process is complicated. B.3D food printers are too expensive. C.Food materials have to be dry. D.Some experts doubt 3D food printing. 答案C 解析細(xì)

13、節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段第三句“ On top of that,most of the 3D food printers now are restricted to dry ingredients”可知,盡管3D食物打印技術(shù)進(jìn)展迅猛,但所需的大多數(shù)打印材料必須是干燥的才能使用,這也就制約了食物打印技術(shù)的普及。故選C項(xiàng)。 5.What could be the best title of the passage? A.3D Food Printing:Delicious New Technology B.A New Way to Improve 3D Food Printing C.The

14、Challenges for 3D Food Production D.3D Food Printing:From Farm to Table 答案A 解析主旨大意題。通讀全文可知,一項(xiàng)新的3D打印技術(shù)引人矚目,最新進(jìn)展有助于大規(guī)模食品的打印和服務(wù)。故A項(xiàng)“3D食物打印:精美可口的新技術(shù)”符合題意。 Ⅱ.七選五 A Spirit Airlines flight just made an emergency landing for an unusual reason — and it wasn’t due to bad weather or a mechanical problem.　

15、1　? Lily Green,36 weeks pregnant(懷孕的),had just boarded the flight in Fort Lauderdale when her water broke.The airplane quickly turned to New Orleans for an emergency landing.　2　? “He did what he wanted,” mother Lily told CNN.“We were just all along for the ride.” Thankfully,a pediatrician(小兒科醫(yī)生)

16、and nurse were on board to help her give birth.　3　 About 10 minutes later,the newborn’s cries filled the plane’s cabin,and the passengers burst into applause(掌聲).? 　4　 Measuring in at a healthy 7 pounds and 19 and a half inches long,he’s the youngest brother of 11-year-old Jack and 12-year-old Ann.

17、”? But here’s the best part:　5　 Besides David’s free flight from Fort Lauderdale,he can now travel with a guest on his birthday for free — for the rest of his life.? A.Lily named her baby boy David. B.And that was luckily a speedy birth. C.And that was luckily a normal birth. D.But it was late

18、for this impatient newborn. E.But it wasn’t fast enough for this impatient newborn. F.Spirit Airlines gave the tiny,unexpected passenger a wonderful birthday present. G.Obviously,a baby just couldn’t wait for his flight to land before joining the world. 答案與解析 【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇感人故事。一個(gè)孕婦在飛行過程中突然臨產(chǎn),飛機(jī)被迫

19、就近緊急降落。在此期間,飛機(jī)上恰好有兒科醫(yī)生和護(hù)士乘客,在他們的幫助下,嬰兒順利出生。為祝賀 David 在本航班出生,航空公司給予 David,在每年生日那一天免費(fèi)乘坐該公司飛機(jī)的大禮,終生有效。 1.G　文章開頭敘述:飛機(jī)緊急著陸不是由于機(jī)械故障或惡劣天氣,再結(jié)合下文“Lily Green,36 weeks pregnant...when her water broke.”可判斷,G項(xiàng)“嬰兒等不到飛機(jī)正常降落就要來(lái)到這個(gè)世界”符合語(yǔ)境。 2.E　本空前敘述:飛機(jī)因緊急降落而迅速改變目的地。因此E項(xiàng)“但是飛機(jī)的速度還不夠快”符合邏輯。此處fast與上文quickly相呼應(yīng)。 3.B　根

20、據(jù)下文“About 10 minutes later,the newborn’s...”可知,B項(xiàng)“幸運(yùn)的是,這是一次快速的分娩”符合文意。speedy與10 minutes相呼應(yīng)。 4.A　本空后敘述了新生兒的體重、身高,還第一次出現(xiàn)了他的名字 David,故選A項(xiàng)。 5.F　根據(jù)下文可知,為祝賀 David 在該航班出生,航空公司給予 David在每年生日那天免費(fèi)乘坐該公司飛機(jī)的大禮。因此F項(xiàng)承上啟下,符合語(yǔ)境。 Ⅲ.完形填空 Over the last 15 years,as a doctor,I have had heart-to-heart conversations wit

21、h countless patients near the end of their lives.The most common emotion they express is 　1　.And that’s 　2　 I came up with a project to encourage people to write a 　3　 to their loved ones.It’s a lesson I learned years ago from a memorable 　4　 patient.? He was a retired 　5　 with a cancer.Every day,h

22、is 　6　 spent many hours watching him watch television.She explained to me he had never been much of a 　7　 in their 50-plus years of marriage.But he seemed quite 　8　 to share his ideas with me,　9　 when it became clear his days were 　10　.He spoke of his deep regret for not having spent enough time wit

23、h his wife,and of his great 　11　 in his son,who had joined the Navy in his father’s footsteps.? One afternoon,when I mentioned these 　12　 to his wife and son,they looked disbelievingly at each other.They thanked me for being so kind but 　13　 my patient was unlikely to express such feelings.To make

24、sure his family could hear his 　14　,I took my video camera with me the next morning and with the patient’s 　15　,recorded an open letter from him to his family.When I gave them the 　16　 letter,both his wife and son were moved to tears.? The experience 　17　 my letter project,which can help people com

25、plete their life review tasks: remembering to those we may have hurt;　18　 those who have hurt us and saying “I love you”.It may 　19　 much courage to write a life review letter.For some people,it 　20　 deep and troubling emotions.Yet it may be the most important letter you will ever write.? 【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】作為一

26、名醫(yī)生,因?yàn)榕c無(wú)數(shù)臨終的病人交談過,他們常表達(dá)出自己的遺憾。這激發(fā)了“我”想讓人們給自己愛的人寫一封信的想法,以此表達(dá)對(duì)曾經(jīng)傷害過的人的歉意及原諒傷害過自己的人們。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 1.A.gratitude B.regret C.apology D.affection 答案B 解析根據(jù)下文的內(nèi)容可知在臨終之前表達(dá)的都是遺憾的心情。最后一段中也有提示。gratitude“感激”;regret“后悔,遺憾”;apology “道歉”;affection“情感”。 2.A.because B.why C.when D.how 答案B 解析通過上下文可判斷這就

27、是“我”為什么要提出這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。故選B項(xiàng)。 3.A.note B.bill C.letter D.sentence 答案C 解析通過上下文及最后一段中的“l(fā)etter project”可知病人臨終前常有遺憾,因此作者特地通過這個(gè)項(xiàng)目來(lái)鼓勵(lì)人們寫信給自己所愛的人。故選C項(xiàng)。 4.A.dying B.weak C.unconscious D.silent 答案A 解析從下文可知這是從一個(gè)將要去世的病人那里學(xué)到的教訓(xùn)。dying“將死的”;weak“虛弱的”;unconscious “無(wú)意識(shí)的”;silent“沉默的”。通過對(duì)比可知A項(xiàng)符合題意。 5.A.merchant B.worke

28、r C.official D.soldier 答案D 解析從下文可知他當(dāng)過海軍,因此是個(gè)士兵。soldier“士兵”符合題意。 6.A.family B.daughter C.son D.wife 答案D 解析從下文“in their 50-plus years of marriage”可知是他的妻子,故選D項(xiàng)。 7.A.husband B.lover C.talker D.companion 答案C 解析根據(jù)上文“spent many hours watching him watch television”,可知他是個(gè)不健談的人。因此talker“講話者”符合題意。 8.A

29、.willing B.disturbing C.embarrassed D.delighted 答案A 解析根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知這個(gè)人不善言談卻愿意和“我”分享他的一些想法。willing“愿意的”;disturbing“煩擾的,令人不安的”;embarrassed“局促不安的,為難的,尷尬的,窘迫的”;delighted“高興的”。 9.A.specially B.especially C.exactly D.gradually 答案B 解析此處指他看起來(lái)非常愿意和“我”分享他的想法,尤其是他在世上的日子不多了。specially“特別地,專門地”;especially“尤其地,主要地”;

30、exactly“確切地”;gradually“慢慢地”。 10.A.numbered B.died C.ended D.completed 答案A 解析從上文可知他是個(gè)癌癥患者,所剩時(shí)日不多,屈指可數(shù)。故用numbered。 11.A.satisfaction B.pride C.concern D.complaint 答案B 解析此處指他兒子以他為榜樣參加了海軍,因此他以兒子為驕傲。satisfaction “滿意”;pride“驕傲”;concern“關(guān)心”;complaint“抱怨”。 12.A.comments B.decisions C.explanations D.p

31、romises 答案A 解析根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知,當(dāng)“我”把他的話轉(zhuǎn)述給他的妻子和兒子時(shí),他們感到難以置信。comment“評(píng)論”;decision“決定”;explanation“解釋”;promise“承諾,允諾”。 13.A.denied B.disbelieved C.insisted D.realized 答案C 解析從上文可知這個(gè)病人是個(gè)不善談的人,所以當(dāng)他兒子和妻子聽到這樣的評(píng)論時(shí)難以相信,因此他們才會(huì)感謝“我”并堅(jiān)持他不可能如此表達(dá)。deny“否認(rèn)”;disbelieve“懷疑;不信”;insist“堅(jiān)持”;realize“意識(shí)到,知道,實(shí)現(xiàn)”。 14.A.sorrow B

32、.anxiety C.wish D.love 答案D 解析從上文的內(nèi)容可知,此處是指這個(gè)病人表達(dá)的對(duì)家人的愛。sorrow“悲痛”;anxiety“焦慮,擔(dān)心”;wish “愿望”;love“愛”。 15.A.desire B.permission C.request D.assistance 答案B 解析根據(jù)上下文可知,“我”帶著攝像機(jī)是得到了病人允許的。desire“渴望”;permission“允許,批準(zhǔn)”;request “請(qǐng)求”;assistance“幫助”。 16.A.taped B.typed C.written D.unopened 答案A 解析由上文可知,此處

33、應(yīng)指錄音的信。taped“錄音的”符合題意。 17.A.raised B.inspired C.proved D.welcomed 答案B 解析根據(jù)下文可知這能幫助人們彌補(bǔ)過去的憾事,因此激勵(lì)“我”去做這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。raise“提高(價(jià)格等),養(yǎng)育,籌集”。inspire“鼓舞,激勵(lì),賦予靈感”;prove“證明,證實(shí)”;welcome“歡迎”。 18.A.acknowledging B.forgetting C.hurting D.forgiving 答案D 解析通過上下文可知是原諒那些傷害過我們的人。acknowledge “承認(rèn),鳴謝,對(duì)……打招呼”;forget“忘記”;hurt“傷害”;forgive“原諒”。D項(xiàng)符合題意。 19.A.cost B.spend C.take D.have 答案C 解析句意:可能需要一些勇氣去寫一封人生回顧信。take...to do sth.“需要……去做某事”。 20.A.calls for B.calls off C.calls in D.calls up 答案D 解析由語(yǔ)境可知,它可能喚起了人們內(nèi)心深處的煩惱的情緒。call up“使回憶起”符合題意。 6