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1、2022屆中考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí) 第三篇 中考題型實(shí)戰(zhàn) 第35課 完形填空基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)
完形填空是中考常見(jiàn)的一種題型,這種題被專家稱為障礙性閱讀,也是中學(xué)生最為棘手的題型之一。它是由出題者在一篇語(yǔ)義連貫的文章中有目的地去掉一些詞語(yǔ),形成空格,要求在給出的對(duì)應(yīng)備選答案中,選出一個(gè)正確的或最佳的答案,使文章恢復(fù)完整。它既考查對(duì)語(yǔ)法、詞匯、習(xí)語(yǔ)、句型、搭配等基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的綜合運(yùn)用能力,又考查對(duì)短文的閱讀理解能力,甚至有時(shí)還考查對(duì)時(shí)事政治等的關(guān)注。其中包括在具體的語(yǔ)境中靈活運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言知識(shí)的能力,根據(jù)試題內(nèi)容進(jìn)行正確的邏輯推理,綜合判斷和分析概括的能力。
完形填空題是考查同學(xué)們語(yǔ)言能力的綜合性測(cè)試題型。它集詞語(yǔ)
2、的意義辨析、詞語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣用法及搭配、句法、語(yǔ)法和語(yǔ)篇理解等于一體,既考查同學(xué)們的語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ)知識(shí),又考查分析、判斷能力和綜合運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言的實(shí)踐能力。對(duì)于這類試題,不少同學(xué)感到很棘手,在各種測(cè)試中總是得分不高。那么,完形填空題有沒(méi)有相應(yīng)的解題技巧呢?完形填空題的文章體裁和題材都很廣泛,有記敘文、說(shuō)明文和議論文,內(nèi)容涉及到天文地理、日常生活、政治經(jīng)濟(jì)、人物傳記和社會(huì)故事等許多方面。該題型最突出的特點(diǎn)是:容量大,分值高,選項(xiàng)干擾性強(qiáng),既考查知識(shí),又考查能力。但是對(duì)這樣的題,也不是毫無(wú)對(duì)策可言。同學(xué)們?cè)谧鐾晷翁羁疹}時(shí),不妨按以下幾點(diǎn)去做:
1. 突破首句,獲取盡可能多的信息
重視首句、突破首句。完形填空題所
3、選用短文的第一句話通常是不設(shè)空的,目的是給考生一個(gè)整體印象,同時(shí)提示短文的中心內(nèi)容或提供故事發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、背景等。
2. 通讀全文,把握文章的基本脈絡(luò)
做完形填空題應(yīng)著眼于語(yǔ)篇理解,因?yàn)橥晷翁羁疹}中干擾項(xiàng)的設(shè)置極具迷惑性,如果操之過(guò)急,見(jiàn)空就填,可能會(huì)“只見(jiàn)樹木,不見(jiàn)森林”。因此,正確的做法是先快速瀏覽全文,理清文章脈絡(luò),掌握文章大意,了解作者意圖,為下一步逐個(gè)解題尋找判斷的依據(jù)。同時(shí),通讀全文也解決了那些需要通過(guò)上下文或聯(lián)系語(yǔ)篇語(yǔ)境的題目。
為了快速瀏覽全文,掌握大意,在閱讀過(guò)程中要特別注意文章和段落的首尾句,因?yàn)檫@些句子往往就是整個(gè)篇章或段落的主題思想。它還能讓你很快了解文章的體
4、裁、形式、涉及的內(nèi)容及作者的意圖。獲得這些重要信息,對(duì)下面的做題至關(guān)重要。
3. 研讀全文,初步確定答案
掌握了文章的大意后,就為進(jìn)一步做題奠定了基礎(chǔ)。這時(shí)應(yīng)細(xì)讀全文,按照文章內(nèi)容的前后順序并結(jié)合備選答案,邊讀邊分析,邊推斷正確選項(xiàng)。同時(shí),對(duì)試題的測(cè)試部分(即文中空格)要進(jìn)行認(rèn)真分析。一般的設(shè)空詞有語(yǔ)用固定型和語(yǔ)境邏輯型兩大類。語(yǔ)用固定型題目一般是較為常見(jiàn)的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)、詞匯及習(xí)語(yǔ)等,這部分試題可先行解決。在先行解決一部分試題后,部分語(yǔ)句已經(jīng)通暢,也就有了更為完整的信息,這有助于進(jìn)一步了解語(yǔ)篇及作者意圖。再經(jīng)過(guò)對(duì)已知信息的分析、推理,語(yǔ)境邏輯型試題也會(huì)迎刃而解。
當(dāng)然,在做題過(guò)程中也會(huì)有一部
5、分題目的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)填到空格中時(shí),每一個(gè)單獨(dú)的語(yǔ)句都是符合語(yǔ)法規(guī)則的,這時(shí)考生就應(yīng)該利用已知信息,挖掘深層含義,聯(lián)系上下文,根據(jù)文章的主旨和語(yǔ)境要求,把握詞義的細(xì)微差別,排除干擾項(xiàng)。
4. 復(fù)讀全文,全面驗(yàn)證答案
填完空格后,重讀全文,這也是解題過(guò)程中至關(guān)重要的一環(huán)。此時(shí)考生對(duì)文章已經(jīng)有了一個(gè)相對(duì)完整的了解,對(duì)文章的理解也更進(jìn)了一步,也就摸清了文章內(nèi)在發(fā)展的邏輯關(guān)系。而如果在此時(shí)再讀一遍文章,就有可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)一些其他原來(lái)沒(méi)有注意到的問(wèn)題,也就能夠根據(jù)對(duì)語(yǔ)篇的理解及內(nèi)在的聯(lián)系,反復(fù)推敲,比較異同,從而選擇一個(gè)更符合文章意義的答案。
當(dāng)堂檢測(cè)
閱讀下面短文,掌握其大意,然后從各題所給的A、B、C
6、、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。(紹興市柯橋區(qū)中考模擬)
It was raining. I went into a café and asked for a cup of coffee. 1 I was waiting for my drink, I realized there were other people in the place, but I sensed 2 . I saw their bodies, but I couldn’t feel their souls(靈魂) because their souls belonged to the 3 .
I st
7、ood up and walked between the tables. When I came to the biggest puter, I saw a thin, small man 4 in front of it. “I’m Steve,” he finally answered after I asked him a couple of times what his name was. “I 5 talk with you. I’m busy,” he said. He was chatting online and, at the same time, he wa
8、s playing a puter game—a war game. I was 6 .
7 didn’t Steve want to talk with me? I tried again to speak to that puter geek(電腦迷), 8 not a word came out of 9 mouth. I touched his shoulder, but no reaction. I was unhappy. I put my hand in front of the monitor, and he started to shout,
9、“Leave me alone!”
I took a few steps back, wondering if all those people in the café were looking at me. I 10 and nobody showed any interest.
11 , I realized that people there were having a nice conversation with their machines, not with people. They were more interested in having a relatio
10、nship with the puter 12 Steve. I wouldn’t want to 13 the future of human beings if they preferred sharing their lives with machines 14 people.
I was worried and sunk 15 my thoughts. I didn’t even notice that the coffee was bad, just as Steve didn’t notice there was a person next to
11、him.
( )1. A. Before B. Since C. Although D. While
( )2. A. pain B. loneliness C. sadness D. pleased
( )3. A. home B. world C. Net D. café
( )4. A. sleeping B. laughing C. sitting D. learning
( )5. A. can’t B. mustn’t C. couldn’t D. needn’t
( )6. A. surpri
12、sed B. delighted C. moved D. worried
( )7. A. What B. Why C. How D. Who
( )8. A. but B. so C. if D. or
( )9. A. my B. her C. their D. his
( )10. A. waved my hand B. shook my shoulder
C. nodded my head D. raised my head
( )11. A. From then on B. At
13、 that moment
C. In all D. Above all
( )12. A. particularly B. usually C. really D. nicely
( )13. A. tell B. plan C. imagine D. design
( )14. A. other than B. instead of C. except for D. as well as
( )15. A. on B. between C. for D. in
參考答案
當(dāng)堂檢測(cè)
1. D
2. B 【解析】由下文“我看到他們的身體,但我感受不到他們的靈魂,因?yàn)樗麄兊撵`魂屬于因特網(wǎng)”可知。
3—5. CCA 6—10. ABADD 11—15. BACBD