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1、 Unit 4　Civilization 一、單詞—— 寫(xiě) 得 準(zhǔn) 用 得 活(用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空) 1.acquirevt.　　　　　　學(xué)習(xí)，習(xí)得；獲得 2.superioradj. 更好的；占優(yōu)勢(shì)的；更勝一籌的 3.alternativen. 選擇 adj. 替代的 4.approachvt. 接近；動(dòng)手處理 n. 途徑，方法，接近 5.practical adj.實(shí)用的；(切合)實(shí)際的，有實(shí)用價(jià)值的→practicen．實(shí)踐 6.existence n．存在，生存→existvi.存在，生存 7.violent adj.暴力的，粗暴的；強(qiáng)烈的→

2、violentlyadv.猛烈地→violencen．暴力；暴行；猛烈 8.succeed vi.成功；接著發(fā)生；繼承→succeedingadj.后繼的，隨后的→successn．成功；成功的人(事情)→successfuladj.成功的 9.intelligent adj.聰明的，有頭腦的→intelligencen．智力，理解力 pare vt.(to, with)比較；(to)把……比作vi.相比→comparableadj.可比較的；適合相比的 11.option n．選擇權(quán)，可選物；選課→optionaladj.可以任選的，非強(qiáng)制的 12.disadvantage n．不

3、利(條件)；損失→disadvantageousadj.不利的→advantagen．優(yōu)點(diǎn)；優(yōu)勢(shì) 13.evaluate vt.評(píng)估，評(píng)價(jià)→evaluationn．估價(jià)，評(píng)價(jià) 1.Success in almost any field depends more on energy and drive than it does on intelligence (intelligent)． 2.Practical experience is often very important and practice is the direct way to get experience.(pract

4、ice) 3.He succeeded his father as manager of the company.Soon their business became very successful.(succeed) 4.The advantage of cycling to work is that we can live a low-carbon life while the disadvantage is that it wastes time.(disadvantage) 5.Last night we had a discussion, which became more a

5、nd more violent. Finally we reached an agreement that we will never use violence whatever happens.(violent) 6.As people are curious about the existence of the Alien, the discussion of whether the UFO exists or not never has a stop.(exist) 7.This course is optional,_which means you have an option t

6、o decide whether to choose it or not.(option) ? 1.acquire同義詞一覽 ①get　　　　　　得到 ②gain 贏得，獲得 ③obtain 獲得 ④win 取得，贏得 ⑤earn 獲得，賺得 2．“選擇”家族 ①alternative 選擇 ②choice 選擇；選擇權(quán) ③option 選擇權(quán)；可選物 ④selection 選擇，挑選 3.“聰明”有幾何？ ①intelligent adj.　　　　聰明的 ②clever adj. 聰明的 ③smart adj. 機(jī)靈的 ④br

7、ight adj. 聰明的 ⑤wise adj. 英明的 4．后綴-age名詞集錦 ①advantage 優(yōu)勢(shì) ②percentage 百分比 ③postage 郵資 ④message　　　　　信息 ⑤usage 使用 5．-ence結(jié)尾名詞知多少 ①existence 存在 ②dependence 依靠 ③innocence 無(wú)罪，天真 ④intelligence 智力 ⑤diligence 勤奮，勤勉 ⑥violence 暴力 二、短語(yǔ)—— 寫(xiě) 得 準(zhǔn) 用 得 活(選用左欄短語(yǔ)填空) 1.apart_from_...　　　　　

8、　　　 除……以外(還) 2.no_doubt 毫無(wú)疑問(wèn) 3.in_this_respect 就這方面而言 4.side_by_side 肩并肩地 5.in_the_end 最后，最終 6.become_accustomed_to 習(xí)慣于 7.mean_to_... 打算；意指 8.in_general 大體上；通常 9.provide_..._with 為某人提供…… 10.in_particular 尤其；特別是 11.be_exposed_to 使遭受；接觸；經(jīng)歷 12.cope_with 應(yīng)付；處理 13.cut_into 把……切成…

9、… 14.be_necessary_for 對(duì)……是必需的 15.be_used_for 用于 1.I'm sure she'll cope_with the changes very well — she's very adaptable. 2.The news that Mr. Smith was going to buy that factory proved to be false in_the_end. 3.This means that after a while your body becomes_accustomed_to having nicotine in i

10、t. 4.Apart_from a couple of spelling mistakes, this is an excellent piece of work. 5.Nowadays, women are usually working side_by_side with the men. ? 1.“no＋n.”短語(yǔ)小結(jié) ①no doubt　　　　　　毫無(wú)疑問(wèn) ②no problem 沒(méi)問(wèn)題 ③no wonder 難怪 ④no way 決不 ⑤no comment 無(wú)可奉告 ⑥no trouble 不麻煩 2.“n.＋prep.＋n.”短語(yǔ)薈萃 ①

11、side by side　　　　　　　　肩并肩地 ②step by step 逐步地 ③face to face 面對(duì)面地 ④heart to heart 心連心地 ⑤shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩地 ⑥hand in hand 手拉手地 ⑦arm in arm 手挽手地 三、句式—— 背 原 句 明 句 式 學(xué) 仿 寫(xiě) 1.Our ancestors did manage to write without paper. 我們的祖先在沒(méi)有紙的情況下確實(shí)能書(shū)寫(xiě)。 do/does/did用于動(dòng)詞原形之前，起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。 我現(xiàn)在很少鍛煉

12、，但是我年輕的時(shí)候的確經(jīng)常踢足球。 I don't take much exercise now, but I did_play_football a lot when I was young. 2.You can imagine how hard it must have been to carve characters on wood and bamboo strips ... 你可以想象，在這些木條或竹條上刻字肯定是多么困難…… must have done 表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情的肯定推測(cè)。 犯人一定朝這個(gè)方向逃跑了，因?yàn)檫@里有他的腳印。 The prisoner must_

13、have_escaped in this direction, for here are his footprints. 第一板塊核心單詞歸納集釋 1．succeed vi.成功；繼承；接著發(fā)生vt.接替；繼任 [經(jīng)典例句]　He wanted to make her jealous, and he succeeded. 他想要她嫉妒，而且他成功地做到了。 (1)succeed in (doing) sth.　　　成功做某事 succeed to sth. 繼承…… succeed sb. as 接替某人成為…… (2)successful adj. 成功的 b

14、e successful in (doing) sth. 成功地做某事 (3)success n．[U]成功；成就；[C]成功的人或事物 ①Actually, we can't succeed in everything we try. What's important is that we should stick to it.(2014·福建高考書(shū)面表達(dá)) 實(shí)際上，我們努力做的事情并不都會(huì)取得成功，重要的是我們應(yīng)該堅(jiān)持。 ②As far as I know, John succeeded_Tom_as chairman of the students' union. 據(jù)我所

15、知，約翰接替湯姆成為學(xué)生會(huì)的主席。 2．superior n．上級(jí)；上司adj.更好的；占優(yōu)勢(shì)的；更勝一籌的；上級(jí)的 [教材原句]　 The superior brain of man is apparently necessary for the mastering of speech. 顯然，人類(lèi)的高級(jí)大腦是掌握語(yǔ)言所必需的。 (1)feel superior about sth.　　　對(duì)某事感到優(yōu)越 be superior to 比……優(yōu)秀/好 (2)superiority n. 優(yōu)勢(shì)，優(yōu)越 ①I(mǎi) felt superior about this matter unti

16、l the other day I took my car to mail a small parcel. 幾天前我開(kāi)車(chē)去寄一個(gè)小包裹，在這之前關(guān)于這件事我一直有優(yōu)越感。 ②Chances are that they'll consider your competitors to be superior to ours. 可能性是他們將認(rèn)為你們的選手比我們的更勝一籌。 [名師指津]　superior本身含有比較的意義，因此它不能再用比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)；be superior to中的to不能換成than。 3．compare vt.比較；把……比作 vi.相比 [高考佳句]　Comp

17、ared with the escaped driver, I am proud of what I did.(2014·湖北高考短文寫(xiě)作) 與逃逸的司機(jī)相比，我為我做的感到驕傲。 (1)compare ...with/to ...　把……和……相比較 compare ...to ... 把……比作…… compared to/with ... 和……相比(通常作狀語(yǔ)) (2)beyond/without compare 無(wú)與倫比，不可及 (3)comparison n. 比較；對(duì)照；比喻 in comparison with 與……相比 ①M(fèi)any parents

18、like comparing their own children with/to their friends' children. 許多父母喜歡拿自己的孩子和他們朋友的孩子相比較。 ②He showed us the original text for comparison (compare)． 他給我們看了原稿以作比較。 4．a(chǎn)lternative adj.替代的；供選擇的；另類(lèi)的n.選擇；可供選擇的事物 [教材原句]　It also provides the students with an alternative to the pervasiveness of “telev

19、ision culture” with its immediacy and often its shallowness. 此外，在當(dāng)今空泛的快餐式“電視文化”大行其道之際，文學(xué)還為學(xué)生們提供了另一選擇。 (1)have no alternative but to do sth.　別無(wú)選擇只好做某事 an alternative (to ... ) (……的)替代品 have the alternative of doing sth. 有做某事的選擇 (2)alternatively adv. 可供選擇地 ①The material's inventors say it has

20、 a number of possible uses and someday could provide a more environmentally friendly alternative to plastic. 這種材料的發(fā)明者說(shuō)它有許多可能的用途并且某一天可能成為更環(huán)保的塑料替代品。 ②In order to succeed, we have no alternative but to_face (face) failure bravely and learn from it.(2014·福建高考書(shū)面表達(dá)) 為了成功，我們不得不勇敢地直面失敗并從中吸取教訓(xùn)。 [名師指津]　

21、“別無(wú)選擇只好做某事”的表達(dá)還有：have no choice but to do sth., can't help/choose but do sth.等。 Ⅰ.基礎(chǔ)點(diǎn)全練(單句語(yǔ)法填空) 1．The bus knocked into a truck loaded with stones, resulting (result) in 17 deaths. 2．Compared (compare) to the West, people in the East place much importance on family. 3．Meanwhile they were prepar

22、ing to seize control by violence (violent)． 4．Approaching (approach) the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height. 5．—This kind of mobile phone has come into the market. —Really？It is said to be superior to any other model. I can't wait to buy one. Ⅱ.重難點(diǎn)多練 1．succeed多棱鏡 用

23、所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 ①Nearly all of the young people interviewed believed that work was the key to success (succeed)． ②The only way to_succeed (succeed) at the highest level is to have total belief that you are better than anyone else on the sports field.(2013·浙江高考單選) ③I am looking forward to a long and su

24、ccessful (success) partnership with him. ④If we team up with each other, we will succeed in overcoming (overcome) the difficulty. 2．a(chǎn)lternative點(diǎn)點(diǎn)練 (1)單句語(yǔ)法填空 ①I(mǎi) had no alternative but to_report (report) him to the police. ②The agency will make travel arrangements for you. Alternatively (alternat

25、ive), you can organize your own transport. ③If you don't like the school lunch, you have the alternative of bringing your own. (2)一句多譯 因?yàn)闆](méi)有錢(qián)，所以我除了待在家里別無(wú)選擇。 ④I had no money, so I had_no_alternative_but_to_stay at home.(alternative) ⑤I had no money, so I had_no_choice_but_to_stay at home.(choice

26、) ⑥I had no money, so I couldn't_choose/help_but_stay at home.(choose/help) Ⅲ.閱讀詞匯專(zhuān)練 根據(jù)語(yǔ)境選出print的詞性和詞義 (A)v.印刷，印　　　(B)v.打印　　　(C)v.銘刻 (D)v.沖洗(照片) (E)n.印刷字體 1．The print is too small for me to read without glasses.__E__ 2．This modern machine can print 100 pages in a minute.__A__ 3．The events p

27、rinted themselves on her memory.__C__ 4．How many copies do you want to be printed off？__B__ 5．The pictures have to be developed and printed.__D__ 第二板塊短語(yǔ)句型歸納集釋 1．be exposed to使遭受；接觸，經(jīng)歷 [經(jīng)典例句]　It is generally believed that being exposed to radiation is rather dangerous. 普遍認(rèn)為暴露在輻射環(huán)境里會(huì)很危險(xiǎn)。 (1)exp

28、ose ... to ...　　使面臨；使遭受；使體驗(yàn) expose oneself to 使自己暴露于 expose sb.as sth. 揭露某人為…… (2)exposure n. 暴露；揭露 ①Don't expose your skin to direct sunlight, or you'll get sunburnt. 不要讓你的皮膚直接暴曬于陽(yáng)光下，否則你會(huì)被曬傷。 ②You should expose yourself (you) more to English if you want to learn it well. 如果你想學(xué)好英語(yǔ)，就應(yīng)該多接觸英語(yǔ)

29、。 ③There is a direct relation between exposure (expose) to the sun and skin cancer. 皮膚暴露在太陽(yáng)下與皮膚癌有直接關(guān)系。 2．become accustomed to習(xí)慣于 [經(jīng)典例句]　He quickly became accustomed to the strong academic atmosphere and colorful activities in the college. 他很快適應(yīng)了大學(xué)里濃厚的學(xué)術(shù)氛圍和豐富多彩的活動(dòng)。 (1)be accustomed to (doing) s

30、th.＝be used to (doing) sth. 　　　　　　　習(xí)慣于(做)某事(表狀態(tài)) get/become used/accustomed to (doing) sth. (開(kāi)始)習(xí)慣于(做)某事(表動(dòng)作) (2)accustom vt. 使習(xí)慣于…… accustom oneself to (doing) sth. 使自己習(xí)慣于(做)某事 ①I(mǎi)'m accustomed to listening (listen) to some light music before sleep.(2014·上海高考) 我習(xí)慣睡前聽(tīng)些輕音樂(lè)。 ②Accustomed (

31、accustom) to living in the countryside, Mr. King found it hard to live in the city. 習(xí)慣于生活在農(nóng)村，金先生發(fā)現(xiàn)很難在城市生活。 ③The students quickly accustomed themselves (they) to the new timetable. 學(xué)生們很快適應(yīng)了新的時(shí)間表。 3．You can imagine how hard it must_have_been to carve characters on wood and bamboo strips ... 你可以想

32、象，在這些木條或竹條上刻字肯定是多么困難…… (1)must have done“過(guò)去肯定做過(guò)某事”，表示對(duì)過(guò)去有把握的推測(cè)，只用于肯定句。 ①I(mǎi)t must_have_rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚一定下雨了，因?yàn)榈孛孢€是濕的。 (2)其他“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋have done”結(jié)構(gòu)的用法： can/could have done 表示對(duì)過(guò)去沒(méi)有把握的推測(cè)，常用于疑問(wèn)句或否定句。 could have done 也可表示過(guò)去某事可能發(fā)生卻沒(méi)有發(fā)生 may/might have done 表示對(duì)過(guò)去沒(méi)有把握的推測(cè)，常用于肯定句

33、或否定句 should/ ought to have done 表示對(duì)過(guò)去沒(méi)有把握的推測(cè)，但它側(cè)重推理，意為“按道理已經(jīng)……”。此外，它還可表示過(guò)去本應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際上沒(méi)有做，意為“本該”，含有責(zé)備或惋惜之意 needn't have done 表示本來(lái)不必做某事而實(shí)際上已經(jīng)做了，強(qiáng)調(diào)“不必要” ②I needn't_have_bought so much wine — only five people came. 我本來(lái)沒(méi)有必要買(mǎi)這么多酒，只來(lái)了五個(gè)人。 ③She might_have_achieved greater progress, if you had given he

34、r more chances. 如果你給她更多機(jī)會(huì)，她可能會(huì)取得更大的進(jìn)步。 [名師指津]　表示對(duì)已發(fā)生的事情進(jìn)行推測(cè)，就表示的可能性程度而言，must最大，could其次，may更次之，might最小。 Ⅰ.基礎(chǔ)點(diǎn)全練 1．單句語(yǔ)法填空 ①They produced two reports, neither of which was/were (be) of great value. ②The elder, in particular, who had just come down from the university, thought he was a bit of a

35、n expert. ③There is no doubt that the measures taken by the government will help the economy improve. ④They covered him with a blanket, only leaving his eyes exposed (expose)． ⑤Talking and laughing, the two girls walked out of the classroom side by side. ⑥D(zhuǎn)id you mean to_go (go) without money?

36、2．運(yùn)用所學(xué)短語(yǔ)完成片段 ①So_far (到目前為止) I have learned four languages ②apart_from (除了) English. ③In_the_development_of (在……發(fā)展中) the society, English is widely used in the world. ④The_number_of (……的數(shù)量) people who are learning English is increasing rapidly. There is no doubt that English ⑤is_necessary_for (對(duì)……

37、是必需的) everyone in the future. ⑥In_this_respect (就這方面而言), we should learn English well. Ⅱ.重難點(diǎn)多練 1．a(chǎn)ccustom全掃描 (1)一句多譯 我習(xí)慣于在寒冬的每個(gè)晚上喝一杯熱茶，這樣我就會(huì)覺(jué)得再次很精神。 ①I(mǎi) am_accustomed_to_drinking a cup of hot tea every evening in the cold winter, and I feel refreshed again. ②Accustomed_to_drinking a cup of ho

38、t tea every evening in the cold winter, I feel refreshed again. ③I accustom_myself_to_drinking a cup of hot tea every evening in the cold winter, and I feel refreshed again. (2)補(bǔ)全句子 ④到達(dá)那里以后，他們不久就習(xí)慣了那里的生活。 They got/became_accustomed/used_to_the_life soon after they got there. 2．“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋have done”結(jié)

39、構(gòu)多角度 補(bǔ)全句子 ①He could_have_passed_the_exam (本來(lái)能夠通過(guò)考試), but he was too careless. ②—Jenny, I have washed the clothes for you. —Thanks.You needn't_have_done (本沒(méi)有必要那樣做) it.I could manage it myself. ③There was a lot of fun at yesterday's party.You ought_to_have_come (原本該來(lái)), but why didn't you? ④—Mumm

40、y, I climbed to get the teddy bear from the top of the shelf. —My goodness! You might_have_hurt (可能會(huì)傷到) yourself. ⑤Tom, you are too lazy. The work should_have_been_finished (本應(yīng)該完成) yesterday. ⑥Jack described his father, who must_have_been (一定是) a brave boy many years ago, as a strong-willed man.

41、 [課堂練牢基礎(chǔ)] Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空 1．—Can you think of another good idea? —This is the best approach I can imagine to accomplishing (accomplish) the work ahead of schedule. 2．Take care not to keep your children exposed (expose) to the bad books, net and magazines. 3．The number of people who travel by pla

42、ne in China is (be) larger than ever before. 4．More children in Beijing will reach school age next year, creating (create) a shortage of primary school teachers in the capital. 5．This model is technically superior to its competitors. 6．“Long time no see! ” is sort of informal, but it is part of t

43、he language that Americans use daily. 7．I changed my approach to learning (learn) and I am doing better now. 8．Some social scientists suggest that Westerners should take advantage of the ancient Chinese wisdom to make up for the drawbacks of Western philosophy. Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò) 1．Compared the youth to the

44、 rising sun at 8 or 9 o'clock am, Mao Zedong expressed his great hope for the young men.Compared→Comparing 2．Our government do need to take some measures to reduce the housing price.do→does 3．This new machine is technically far superior than the previous type.than→to 4．—Tom got the highest mark i

45、n this exam. —There's no doubt if he was so happy.if→that 5．Because of too much homework, gone are the days that we can play day and night.that→when 6．Peter was seen crying when he was coming out of the office. He must have scolded by the manager.have后加been 7．I was accustomed to be the only chi

46、ld at a table full of adults.be→being 8．You have no alternative but stay here overnight.but后加to Ⅲ.用本單元所學(xué)知識(shí)完成寫(xiě)作訓(xùn)練 (一)依據(jù)提示補(bǔ)全短文 Last month Tom and I settled in America. Compared_to/with (與……相比) Tom, I have_the_confidence_to (有信心) adapt to the new surroundings. Up to now, I have coped_with (處理) d

47、ifferent kinds of problems and got/become_accustomed_to (習(xí)慣于) the new life in America. However (When/After/However), Tom failed_to_adjust_to (沒(méi)能適應(yīng)) the new life. The biggest problem for him is that he can't talk with the local people freely. ①English plays an important part in our everyday life.

48、 I'll try my best to help him. I think the more he is_exposed_to (接觸) the English-speaking environment, the better he will learn the language. (二)按要求將詞匯句式升級(jí) 1．用本單元高級(jí)詞匯替換加黑部分 (1)Up to now→So_far (2)different kinds of→a_range_of 2．用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型(強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ))改寫(xiě)句① English_does_play_an_important_part_in_our_ev

49、eryday_life. [課下練熟高考] 閱讀理解提速練——練速度 (限時(shí)：20分鐘) A (2017·濟(jì)南市教學(xué)質(zhì)量調(diào)研考試)The Netherlands on Monday launched its first-ever “intelligent bicycle”， fitted with a set of electronic devices to help bring down the high accident rate among elderly cyclists in this country. The intelligent bicycle runs on

50、electricity. Its seat shakes when other cyclists approach from behind, while the handlebars do the same when obstacles appear ahead to inform cyclists to pay attention to the danger. It also has a cradle (置物架) in which a computer can be inserted, to wirelessly connect and “talk” to the bicycle throu

51、gh a particular application. The computer also flashes a bright signal if there is an approaching obstacle in the bicycle's path, like a tree, or if another cyclist comes up from behind intending to pass. A commercial-available bicycle is expected to be on the market in the next two years and shoul

52、d sell for between 1,700 euros to 3,200 euros per bicycle. It weighs about 55 pounds but researchers are working on making the on-board systems smaller. “Accidents often happen when cyclists look behind them or get a fright when they are passed at high speed，”said Maurice Kwakkernaat, one of the sc

53、ientists involved in the project, “The on-board system technology has already been at work in the automotive industry.” “More and more elderly people are using a bicycle, not only for short distances, but also for longer distances，”Dutch Environment Minister Melanie Schultz van Haegen said.“This ty

54、pe of bicycle is truly needed in the Netherlands because it will help us bring down the number of elderly people who are injured every year and allow them to continue enjoying cycling，” she said. 語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了荷蘭在星期一推出的首輛“智能自行車(chē)”及其功能和優(yōu)勢(shì)。 1．What does the text mainly talk about? A．The newly-inv

55、ented bicycle can warn of danger. B．The intelligent computer runs on electricity. C．More elderly people enjoy electronic devices. D．The means of transportation in the Netherlands. 解析：選A　主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容“The Netherlands on Monday launched ... in this country.”可知，荷蘭在星期一推出了首輛“智能自行車(chē)”，這種自行車(chē)配備了一套電子設(shè)備，用來(lái)幫

56、助降低該國(guó)老年騎車(chē)者的高事故發(fā)生率。故選A。 2．When a car appears ahead, the intelligent bicycle will________. A．stop by itself　　　　　　 B．make a noise C．warn its cyclist D．change its color 解析：選C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句可知，當(dāng)前方出現(xiàn)障礙物時(shí)，自行車(chē)把手會(huì)搖晃，提醒騎行者注意危險(xiǎn)。故選C。 3．What do you know about the intelligent bicycle? A．It uses gas as the

57、fuel. B．It is widely used now. C．It will be lighter in weight. D．It will be free for everyone. 解析：選C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句可知，研究人員正致力于使車(chē)載系統(tǒng)變得更小。由此可推知，這款自行車(chē)以后會(huì)更輕。故選C。 4．More and more elderly people in the Netherlands________. A．try to invent intelligent bicycles B．enjoy themselves by cycling C．drive

58、 cars for longer distances D．devote themselves to computers 解析：選B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“More and more elderly ...for longer distances.”以及“This type of bicycle ... allow them to continue enjoying cycling ...”可知，越來(lái)越多的荷蘭老年人享受騎車(chē)帶來(lái)的快樂(lè)。故選B。 B (2017·包頭市高三統(tǒng)一考試)Smartphones are really addictive and the more you

59、use one, the worse it gets, a new study has revealed. Psychology lecturer, Dr Zaheer Hussain, who conducted the research, found that the more you use a smartphone, the higher your risk of becoming addicted. He explained that higher scores of narcissism — defined as excessive (過(guò)度的) interest or admir

60、ation of oneself and one's physical appearance — are the most common and obvious sign of the addiction. An obsession (癡迷) with taking selfies and posting them on social media is one key indication. The study found that 13 percent of 256 participants were addicts. The average age of those who took

61、part in the online survey was 29. As a result, the researchers say they believe it should be made compulsory that anyone selling smartphones should warn customers of their potentially addictive properties. Dr Hussain said, “The study informs us about smart-phone overuse and the impact on psycholog

62、ical well-being. We now use smartphones on a daily basis and for various tasks, so being aware of the psychological effects is very important. There are various smartphone apps such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and Candy Crush, as well as Skype that make smartphone use psychologically more attrac

63、tive and can lead to addiction.” The study also revealed the average user spent 3.6 hours per day on the device, and when the participants were asked if they used their phone in banned areas, 35 percent answered yes. Social networking sites were the most popularly used apps — 87 percent, followed

64、by instant messaging apps — 52 percent, and then news apps — 51 percent. Relationships were also noted in the research as, despite 46.8 percent of participants speaking positively of improved social relations, nearly a quarter admitted their smartphones create communication issues within “real life

65、”． Professor James Elander, Head of the Centre for Psychological Research at the University of Derby, said, “This study is a very timely one with many potential impacts, and the findings show that users should be more aware of how they are using their smartphones and of the potential risks of exces

66、sive use.” 語(yǔ)篇解讀：一項(xiàng)最新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：智能手機(jī)會(huì)使人上癮，而且使用者的使用量越大，上癮的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)就越高。 5．What does the underlined word “narcissism” in the second paragraph mean? A．Self-esteem. B．Self-love. C．Self-respect. D．Self-trust. 解析：選B　詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線詞后的“... defined as excessive (過(guò)度的) interest or admiration of oneself and one's physical appearance ...”可知，對(duì)它下的定義是：對(duì)自我或個(gè)人外表的過(guò)度愛(ài)慕，所以B項(xiàng)“自戀”符合語(yǔ)境。 6．What's the attitude of Professor James Elander towards the research according to the last paragraph? A．Positive. B．Negative. C．Neutra