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1、閱讀理解專題特訓(xùn)18 　能力升級訓(xùn)練第34頁　? A (2019·全國Ⅱ卷,B) “You can use me as a last resort(選擇),and if nobody else volunteers,then I will do it.” This was an actual reply from a parent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids’ lacrosse(長曲棍球) club. I guess that there’s probably some demanding work sch

2、edule,or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport.She may just need a little persuading.So I try again and tug at the heartstrings.I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren’t even on... At this point

3、the unwilling parent speaks up,“Alright.Yes,I’ll do it.”? I’m secretly relieved because I know there’s real power in sharing volunteer responsibilities among many.The unwilling parent organizes the meal schedule,sends out emails,and collects money for end-of-season gifts.Somewhere along the way,the

4、 same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team.The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season.Handing out sliced oranges to bloodthirsty kids can be as exciting as watching your own kid score a goal. Still,most of us

5、 volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close.That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more:Connecting to the community(社區(qū)) as you freely give your time,money,skills,or services provides a real joy.Volunteering just feels so

6、 good. In that sense,I’m pretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than I’d freely like to admit.However,if others benefit in the process,and I get some reward too,does it really matter where my motivation lies? 【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者介紹了自己說服他人參與志愿者工作的經(jīng)歷,論述了志愿者工作的特殊意義。 1.What can we infer abo

7、ut the parent from her reply in paragraph 1? A.She knows little about the club. B.She isn’t good at sports. C.She just doesn’t want to volunteer. D.She’s unable to meet her schedule. 答案:C 解析:推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的第一句“Youcanusemeasalastresort,andifnobodyelsevolunteers,thenIwilldoit.”可知,這位家長讓作者最后再考慮她,如果

8、沒有其他人當(dāng)志愿者,她才會做。由此可知,她不想做志愿者工作。 2.What does the underlined phrase “tug at the heartstrings” in paragraph 2 mean? A.Encourage teamwork. B.Appeal to feelings. C.Promote good deeds. D.Provide advice. 答案:B 解析:詞義猜測題。開頭提到這位家長不愿當(dāng)志愿者,再根據(jù)第二段的“Shemayjustneedalittlepersuading.”以及下文作者提到的兩個例子可知,作者是想讓她內(nèi)心有所觸動。

9、對比四個選項可知,B項正確。 3.What can we learn about the parent from paragraph 3? A.She gets interested in lacrosse. B.She is proud of her kids. C.She’ll work for another season. D.She becomes a good helper. 答案:D 解析:推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的第二句“Theunwillingparentorganizesthemealschedule,sendsoutemails,andcollectsmo

10、neyforend-of-seasongifts.”可知,這位家長安排就餐時間表、發(fā)送電子郵件,并且為季末禮品籌款。這些都可表明她是一位好幫手。故選D項。 4.Why does the author like doing volunteer work? A.It gives her a sense of duty. B.It makes her very happy. C.It enables her to work hard. D.It brings her material rewards. 答案:B 解析:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Connectingtothecom

11、munityasyoufreelygiveyourtime,money,skills,orservicesprovidesarealjoy.Volunteeringjustfeelssogood.”可知,志愿者工作給她帶來了快樂。故選B項。 B Every man wants his son to be somewhat of a clone,not in features but in footsteps.As he grows you also age,and your ambitions become more unachievable.You begin to realize th

12、at your boy,in your footsteps,could probably accomplish what you hoped for.But footsteps can be muddied and they can go off in different directions. My son Jody has hated school since day one in kindergarten.Science projects waited until the last moment.Book reports weren’t written until the final

13、threat. I’ve been a newspaperman all my adult life.My daughter is a university graduate working toward her master’s degree in English.But Jody?When he entered the tenth grade he became a “vo-tech” student(技校學(xué)生).They’re called “motorheads” by the rest of the student body. When a secretary in my off

14、ice first called him “motorhead”,I was shocked.“Hey,he’s a good kid,”I wanted to say,“And smart,really.” I learned later that motorheads are,indeed,different.They usually have dirty hands and wear dirty work clothes.And they don’t often make school honor rolls(光榮榜). But being the parent of a motor

15、head is itself an experience in education.We who labor in clean shirts in offices don’t have the abilities that motorheads have.I began to learn this when I had my car crashed.The cost to repair it was estimated at $800.“Hey,I can fix it,”said Jody.I doubted it,but let him go ahead,for I had nothing

16、 to lose. My son,with other motorheads,fixed the car.They got parts(零件) from a junkyard,and ability from vo-tech classes.The cost was $25 instead of $800. Since that first repair job,a broken air-conditioner,a non-functioning washer and a non-toasting toaster have been fixed.Neighbors and co-worke

17、rs trust their car repairs to him. These kids are happiest when doing repairs.They joke and laugh and are living in their own relaxed world.And their minds are bright despite their dirty hands and clothes. I have learned a lot from my motorhead:publishers need printers,engineers need mechanics,and

18、 architects need builders.Most important,I have learned that fathers don’t need clones in footsteps or anywhere else. My son may never make the school honor roll.But he made mine. 【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇記敘文。父親總是希望兒子去實現(xiàn)自己未能實現(xiàn)的目標(biāo)。作者通過自己的親身經(jīng)歷,最終闡明了這樣一個道理:父親沒有必要讓兒子去走他曾經(jīng)走過的路。 1.What used to be the author’s hope f

19、or his son? A.To avoid becoming his clone. B.To resemble him in appearance. C.To develop in a different direction. D.To reach the author’s unachieved goals. 答案:D 解析:推理判斷題。由文章第一段可知,父親都希望自己的兒子能夠重復(fù)他曾走過的路。但是兒子可能會向另外的方向發(fā)展。接著在第二段作者提到自己的兒子就是這樣一個孩子——沒有按照作者的意愿去發(fā)展。由此推斷出作者希望兒子去實現(xiàn)自己未能實現(xiàn)的目標(biāo)。 2.What can

20、we learn about the author’s children? A.His daughter does better in school. B.His daughter has got a master’s degree. C.His son tried hard to finish homework. D.His son couldn’t write his book reports. 答案:A 解析:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段第二句“Mydaughterisauniversitygraduateworkingtowardhermaster’sdegreeinEngli

21、sh.”可知,作者的女兒學(xué)習(xí)很棒。故選A項。 3.In the author’s eyes,motorheads are 　　　.? A.tidy and hard-working B.cheerful and smart C.lazy but bright D.relaxed but rude 答案:B 解析:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段第二句“Theyjokeandlaughandarelivingintheirownrelaxedworld.”和第三句“Andtheirmindsarebright...”可知,作者認(rèn)為這些孩子在工作的時候非常快樂,同時他們也非常聰明。故選B項。

22、 4.What did the author realize in the end? A.It is unwise to expect your child to follow your path. B.It is important for one to make the honor roll. C.Architects play a more important role than builders. D.Motorheads have greater ability than office workers. 答案:A 解析:推理判斷題。由短文倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“Mostim

23、portant,Ihavelearnedthatfathersdon’tneedclonesinfootstepsoranywhereelse.”可知,作者意識到,他沒有必要讓自己的兒子走他曾經(jīng)走過的路。故選A項。 C Some kinds of mental skills naturally decrease as people get older.Yet research seems to show that some training can improve such skills.A recently published study also appears to attest t

24、hat the good effects of training can last for many years after that training has ended. Researchers at Johns Hopkins University in Maryland wanted to learn how long memory and thinking skills would last in older people who were trained to keep them.The people were part of the ten-year research proj

25、ect.They were taught methods meant to improve their memory,thinking and ability to perform everyday tasks. More than 2,800 volunteered for the study called ACTIVE—short for Advanced Cognitive Training for Independent and Vital Elderly.Most were studied when they were more than 70 years old. The vo

26、lunteers took one of several short training classes meant to help them keep their mental abilities.One class trained participants in skills including how to remember word lists.Another group was trained in reasoning.A third group received help with speed-of-processing—speed of receiving and understa

27、nding information.A fourth group—the control group did not get any training. Earlier results had established that the training helped the participants for up to five years.Now,leading study writer George Rebok says,the research showed most of the training remained effective a full ten years later.

28、 Professor Rebok and his team found that the people trained in reasoning and speed-of-processing did better on tests than the control group. “We are wondering whether those effects which endured over time would still be there ten years following the training,and in fact,that’s exactly what we found

29、.” The effect on memory,however,seemed not to last as long.Still,the old people in any of the three classes generally reported less difficulty in performing daily activities than the control group.The total training time for the older people was between 10 and 15 hours. 【語篇導(dǎo)讀】文章介紹了一項調(diào)查結(jié)果:老年人進行腦力訓(xùn)練

30、有助于提高腦力水平,而且效果可以持續(xù)很長時間。 1.WhichstatementisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage? A.Thiskindoftrainingcanonlyhaveeffectsonpeopleforafewyears. B.Sometrainingcanimprovesomekindsofmentalskills. C.Mostofthepeoplewhowerestudiedweremorethan70yearsold. D.Thefirstgroupweretrainedhowtorememberwordlists. 答案:A 解析

31、:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段的“theresearchshowedmostofthetrainingremainedeffectiveafulltenyearslater”可知A項是錯誤的,故選A項。 2.How would the old in the second group perform after receiving the training? A.Remember more words. B.Understand information more quickly. C.Act as poorly as before. D.Perform daily activities

32、better. 答案:D 解析:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中第二段的最后一句話“Theyweretaughtmethodsmeanttoimprovetheirmemory,thinkingandabilitytoperformeverydaytasks.”中的關(guān)鍵詞“improve”和“performeverydaytasks”判斷,D項正確。 3.What does the underlined word “attest” in the first paragraph mean? A.Affect. B.Deny. C.Prove. D.Improve. 答案:C 解析:詞義猜測題。

33、affect“影響”;deny“拒絕”;prove“證明”;improve“提高”。根據(jù)該畫線單詞前的“Arecentlypublishedstudy”可知是證明。故選C項。 4.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A.Some Kinds of Mental Skills Naturally Decrease B.Mental Training Helped the Elderly Stay Sharp for Years C.Four Groups of Old People Were Trai

34、ned Mentally D.A Ten-year Research Affects the Elderly 答案:B 解析:主旨大意題。通讀全文尤其是第一段的句子“Somekindsofmentalskillsnaturallydecreaseaspeoplegetolder.Yetresearchseemstoshowthatsometrainingcanimprovesuchskills.”以及第五段第二句話可知通過訓(xùn)練可以提高老人的腦力,而且效果可以持續(xù)多年,所以B項是最貼切的標(biāo)題。故選B項。 D Everybody,at some point in their lives,

35、has experienced failure.It could be something as simple as not getting the job you wanted,or getting fewer marks even after hard work.But what makes you is not your failure,but how you get back up after being hit. Once,a young school boy was caught in a fire accident in his school and it was assume

36、d that he would not live.His mother was told that he was sure to die,for the terrible fire had destroyed the lower half of his body.Even if he were to survive,he would be lame throughout his life. But the brave boy did not want to die nor did he want to be lame.Much to the amazement of the doctor,h

37、e did survive.But unfortunately from his waist down,he had no motor ability.His thin legs just hung there,lifeless.Eventually he left the hospital.But his determination to walk was unshakable.At home,when he was not in bed,he had to stay in a wheelchair.One day,he threw himself from the chair and pu

38、lled himself across the grass,dragging his legs behind him.He reached the fence,raised himself up and then began dragging himself along the fence,firmly determined.He did this every day,with faith in himself that he would be able to walk unaided.With his iron determination,he did develop the ability

39、 to stand up,then to walk on and off,then to walk by himself and then to run. He began to walk to school,and then run to school,to run for the joy of running.Later in college he was on the track team. In February 1934,in New York City’s Madison Square Garden,this young man who was not expected to

40、survive,who would surely never walk,who could never hope to run—this determined young man,Dr.Glenn Cunningham,ran the world’s fastest mile. A good example of the power of positive thinking and faith in one’s self,Glenn Cunningham continues to be an inspiration for many,and his story,a brilliant evi

41、dence to how one can bounce back even when all difficulties are piled against one,to the degree that death seemed the preferable option. 【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇記敘文。每個人在人生的某個階段都經(jīng)歷過失敗。文章通過Glenn在經(jīng)歷事故后幸存并且憑借堅強的毅力恢復(fù)正常生活的故事,告訴我們“讓你成功的不是你的失敗,而是你如何在被打擊后重新站起來”。 1.Whatisthefirstparagraphintendedtodo? A.Presentanargume

42、nt. B.Makepreparationsforstatement. C.Arousereaders’interest. D.Functionasabriefintroduction. 答案:D 解析:推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的第一句“Everybody,atsomepointintheirlives,hasexperiencedfailure.”和最后一句“Butwhatmakesyouisnotyourfailure,buthowyougetbackupafterbeinghit.”可知,第一段的作用是做一個簡短的介紹。 2.What was the doctor’s op

43、inion about Glenn? A.Glenn was able to walk with his own great effort. B.Great determination could make a difference to Glenn. C.There was a slim chance that Glenn could survive. D.Glenn could live a normal life with the upper half of his body. 答案:C 解析:推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的第二句“Muchtotheamazementofthedo

44、ctor,hedidsurvive.”可知,醫(yī)生認(rèn)為這個男孩活下來的概率很小。 3.What do we know about Glenn? A.Glenn took recovery exercise in hospital. B.Glenn inspired people with his moving story. C.Glenn won the first place in Marathon. D.Glenn organized a track team in college. 答案:B 解析:推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的第一句“Agoodexampleofthepow

45、erofpositivethinkingandfaithinone’sself,GlennCunninghamcontinuestobeaninspirationformany...”可知,Glenn以他感人的故事激勵人們。 4.What can be a suitable title for the text? A.Strengthen determination B.Stand up after failure C.Go after dreams D.Face difficulty bravely 答案:B 解析:主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容可知,讓你成功的不是你的失敗,而是你如

46、何在被打擊后重新站起來,由此可知本文最佳主題是Standupafterfailure。 E High school can be quite the stressful time for any student.There are numerous stresses to deal with and the pressure can be more intense as you enter your senior year.　1　 The answer is as follows.? 　2　 Adjust your approach to your specific situation.

47、For instance,if you’re active in your community and your school and have a large family,you may feel depressed by having all these people involved in your life on a daily basis.　3　 You just may need a moment to be alone and collect your thoughts before moving on to the challenges that face you.? 　4

48、　 If your stress persists and you can’t figure out a way to handle it,you may want to try speaking to your school counselor(顧問).If you don’t feel comfortable speaking to your counselor,try getting some other types of counseling.? Realize your limits,and plan around them.Don’t take on more than you

49、can handle.If you take on too many things,you will be spread too thin and won’t be able to perform at your best in anything.　5　You will definitely feel more at ease!? A.Seek professional counseling. B.Why does the stress come into being? C.Try thinking of alternative ways to deal with stress. D.

50、When you feel relieved,you can have a happier life. E.Taking some time out to be alone may be the best way to handle such stress. F.But how on earth can you reduce some of the stress? G.Evaluate what tasks and activities are most important and leave others behind. 答案與解析: 【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要向高中生

51、提供了一些減壓的建議。 1.F　空格后的answer與F項中的疑問詞how相呼應(yīng),根據(jù)下文“Theanswerisasfollows.”可知,空格處應(yīng)是提出了一個問題,且根據(jù)下文給出的關(guān)于如何減壓的建議可知,應(yīng)選F項。 2.C　根據(jù)下文要根據(jù)具體情況調(diào)整方法可知,解決壓力時要有備用的方法。C項與下文緊密銜接。故選C項。 3.E　下文主要說的是要給自己一些獨處時間來整理思路。E項“處理這類壓力的最好方法是一個人待一段時間”與下文銜接,符合語境。故選E項。 4.A　根據(jù)下文可知,本段建議如果自己無法應(yīng)對壓力,應(yīng)去咨詢學(xué)校顧問或?qū)で笃渌稍儙椭項能概括本段內(nèi)容。故選A項。 5.G　根據(jù)上文可知,本段提出的建議是:認(rèn)清自己的極限并以此為基礎(chǔ)制訂計劃,這就要求我們分清輕重緩急;再根據(jù)空格后內(nèi)容“你一定會感到更輕松”可知,G項“評估什么任務(wù)和活動最重要,然后把其他不重要的擱置一邊”能夠承接上下文。故選G項。 - 11 -