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1、 Unit 2 Language 單元視窗 Wordlist 2 be made up of由組成,由…構(gòu)成 vocabulary [v??k?bjul?ri] n.詞匯 nowadays [?nau?deiz] adv.現(xiàn)今,現(xiàn)在 * Celtic [?keltik] n.凱爾特語 Germanic [d??: ?m?nik] adj.日爾曼民族的 mainland [?meinl?nd] n.大陸 *Angel [???gl]n. 盎格魯人 *Saxon [?s?ksn] n. 撒克遜人 occupy [??kjupai] vt.占,占用,占

2、領(lǐng)；使忙碌,使從事 consist [k?n?sist] vi組成,構(gòu)成 consist of由…..組成,由…構(gòu)成 mixture [?mikst??] n.混合；混合物 name after 以…命名 aside[??said]ad.除…之外,在旁邊 aside from 除…之外 * Viking [?vaiki?] n.維京人.北歐海盜 official [??fi??l] adj.官方的,正式的 phrase [freiz] n.詞組,短語 contribution?[?k?ntri?bju:??n] n.貢獻(xiàn),促成因素；捐款 *Norman [?n

3、??m?n] n.諾曼人 adj.諾曼的;諾曼人的 defeat [di?fi:t] vt.擊敗,戰(zhàn)勝 take control of控制,取得對……的控制 * the Norman Conquest [?k??kwest] 諾曼征服（諾曼人對英格蘭人的軍事征服） lead to 導(dǎo)致 replace [ri(:)?pleis] vt替換,代替,取代 entire [in?tai?] a.全部的,整個(gè)的 servant [?s?:v?nt] n.仆人 raise [reiz] vt.養(yǎng)育,培養(yǎng),舉起,增加,提高,籌募,提及 therefore [?ee?f?:] a

4、d.因此,所以 mutton [?m?tn] n.羊肉 bacon [?beik?n] n.熏豬肉,咸豬肉 * plural [?plu?r?l] adj.復(fù)數(shù)的 high-class adj.上層社會(huì)的 mother tongue母語,本國語 * the Renaissance [?ri?neisns] n.(歐洲) 文藝復(fù)興 *Latin [?l?tin] adj. 拉丁語的 n. 拉丁語 Greek [gri:k] adj. 希臘語的,希臘人的,希臘的n. 希臘語,希臘人 process?[?pr?uses] n. 過程；進(jìn)程 distinction [di

5、?sti?k??n] n.差別;區(qū)別 spelling [?speli?] n.拼寫,拼法 accent [??ks?nt] n.口音,腔調(diào),著重點(diǎn) concern [k?n?s?:n] n.關(guān)切；憂慮 vt.涉及；使…擔(dān)心,對…感興趣 ban [b?n]vt. & n.禁止,取締,禁令 pure [pju?] adj. 純的,純潔的,純粹的 unique [ju:?ni:k] a. 獨(dú)特的；極不尋常的 access [??kses] vt. 進(jìn)入,使用 n. 通道, （使用的）機(jī)會(huì),權(quán)利 character [?k?rikt?] n. (書寫或印刷)文字,角色;

6、符號,性格 bark [bɑ:k] vi.(狗等)吠,叫n.吠聲 racial [?rei??l] adj.種族的 gentle [?d?entl] a.溫柔的；平和的 embarrass [im?b?r?s] vt.使難堪,使尷尬 backwards [?b?kw?dz] ad.向后 ?a.向反方向的 conclusion ?[k?n?klu:??n] n.結(jié)論,推論 custom [?k?st?m] n.習(xí)慣,風(fēng)俗,慣例 interrupt [?int??r?pt] v.打斷,插嘴,暫停 mistaken [mis?teik?n] adj. 錯(cuò)誤的,誤解的 o

7、ught [?:t] to modal v. 應(yīng)當(dāng)；應(yīng)該 differ vi.相異,有區(qū)別 differ from和…不同,不同于 alphabet [??lf?bet] n.字母表,全部字母 stand for 代表,象征 deed [di:d] n.行為,行動(dòng) writing [?raiti?] n.文字,文學(xué)作品 hunt [h?nt]n. & v.打獵;獵殺,搜尋 appearance [??pi?r?ns] n. 出現(xiàn)；外觀,外貌 represent [?repri?zent] vt.代表；展示,描繪 drawing?[?dr?:i?] n.繪畫;繪畫藝

8、術(shù) simplify ?[?simplifai] νt. 簡化 as a whole 作為整體,總體上 combine ?[k?m?bain] νt. & νi.組合, (使)聯(lián)合 distinguish [di?sti?gwi?] vt.區(qū)分,辨別；使具有某種特征 indicate [?indikeit] vt. 顯示,表示,象征,暗示 shortcoming [???:tk?mi?] n.短處,缺點(diǎn) ink ?[i?k] n.墨水,油墨 eyesight [?aisait] n.視力 press?[pres] v. （被）壓；擠,推,施加壓力 n. 報(bào)刊,新聞界；出版

9、(通訊)社 wire [?wai?] n.金屬絲,鐵絲網(wǎng) convenient[k?n?vi:ni?nt] a.方便的 battle [?b?tl] n.戰(zhàn)役(斗) pattern [?p?t?n] n. 圖案,花紋,模式；方式 drag [dr?g] vt.拖,拉 practical [?pr?ktik?l] a.實(shí)用的；(切實(shí))可行的 thus [e?s] ad.如此,以此方式；因此,從而 typewriter [?taip?rait?] n.打字機(jī) version ?[?v?:?n] n.版本 把你沒有記牢的挑出來，好好滴記住哦！

10、 English and its history Focus All through history, people from many different countries and cultures have lived together in Britain. The English language is made up of the grammar and vocabulary these people brought to Britain. That is why English has so many difficult rules that co

11、nfuse people. Old English Old English is very different from the English we speak nowadays. In fact, we would not be able to understand it if we heard it today. Before the middle of the 5th century, people in Britain all spoke a language called Celtic. Then two Germanic groups from the European m

12、ainland—the Angles and the Saxons—occupied Britain. Old English consisted of a mixture of their languages. (Both the English language and the English people are named after the Angles; the word Angle was spelt Engle in Old English.) Aside from place names such as London, very few Celtic words became

13、 part of Old English. At the end of the 9th century, the Vikings, people from Northern European countries such as Denmark and Norway, began to move to Britain. They brought with them their languages, which also mixed with Old English. By the 10th century, Old English had become the official language

14、 of England. When we speak English today, we sometimes feel puzzled about which words or phrases to use. This is because English has many words and phrases from different languages, but with similar meanings. For example, the word sick came from a word once used by the Angles and the Saxons, while

15、 ill came from a word once used by the Norwegians. Middle English Middle English is the name given to the English used from around the 12th to the 15th centuries. Many things played a part in the development of this new type of English. The most important contribution was from the Normans, a Fren

16、ch-speaking people who defeated England and took control of the country in 1066. However, the Norman Conquest did not affect English as much as the Angles and the Saxons' victory about 600 years earlier, which led to Old English replacing Celtic. Even though the Normans spoke French for the entire 2

17、50 years they ruled England, French did not replace English as the first language. On the other hand, the English language did borrow many words from French. This resulted in even more words with similar meanings, such as answer (from Old English) and reply (from Old French). It is interesting to le

18、arn how the words for animals and meat developed. After the Norman Conquest, many English people worked as servants who raised animals. Therefore, the words we use for most animals raised for food, such as cow, sheep and pig, came from Old English. However, the words for the meat of these animals, w

19、hich was served to the Normans, came from Old French: beef, mutton, pork and bacon. Old French made other contributions to Middle English as well. In Old English, the Germanic way of making words plural was used. For example, they said housen instead of houses, and shoen instead of shoes. After th

20、e Normans took control, they began using the French way of making plurals, adding an -s to house and shoe. Only a few words kept their Germanic plural forms, such as man/ men and child/ children. After the Norman Conquest, high-class people spoke French while common people spoke English. However,

21、by the latter half of the 14th century, English had come into widespread use among all classes in England. In 1399, Henry IV became King of England. His mother tongue was English, and he used English for all official events. Modern English Modern English appeared during the Renaissance in the 16th

22、 century. Because of this, Modern English includes many Latin and Greek words. Pronunciation also went through huge changes during this period. Of course, this was not the end of the changes in the English language. The question of whether English will keep on changing in the future is easy to answe

23、r. It is certain that this process will continue, and people will keep inventing new words and new ways of saying things. 1. occupy 2. consist 3. contribution First period Listen and learn

24、: Listen to the wordlist and try to learn the words and phrases by heart. ◆Step 1: ◆Step 2: Personal show ●Task 1: Give the following words’ Chinese meaning occupy vt. consist vi name after contribution? n. defeat vt. take control of lead to replace

25、 vt raise vt. embarrass vt. concern n. vt. differ from stand for appearance n. simplify νt. as a whole shortcoming n. version n. ●Task 2: Translate the following words n. 過程；進(jìn)程 n.差別；區(qū)別 adj. 純的,純潔的,純粹的 a. 獨(dú)特的；極不尋常的 vt. 進(jìn)入,使用n. 通道,

26、（使用的）機(jī)會(huì),權(quán)利 a.溫柔的；平和的 n. (書寫或印刷)文字,角色;符號,性格 n.結(jié)論,推論 n.習(xí)慣,風(fēng)俗,慣例 adj. 錯(cuò)誤的,誤解的 vt.代表；展示,描繪 νt. & νi.組合, (使)聯(lián)合 vt. 顯示,表示,象征,暗示 a. 方便的 a.實(shí)用的；(切實(shí))可行的 ad.因此,所以 Step 3: Text reading Listen to the text and then finish the following sentences ●Task 1: Fill in the

27、 blanks according to the text 1. That is why English has so many difficult rules _________(讓人迷惑的). 2. Old English __________ (包含) a mixture of their languages. 3. _________ (除了) place names such as London, very few Celtic words __________ (成為的部分) Old English. 4. When we speak English today, w

28、e sometimes _____________ (感到迷惑) which words or phrases to use. 5. Many things _______ (起到作用) the development of this new type of English. 6. ________(盡管) the Normans spoke French for the entire 250 years they ruled England, French did not ______ English ______ (取代…作為) the first language. 7. Ol

29、d French _____ other ________(對產(chǎn)生了促進(jìn)作用) Middle English as well. 8. __________ (可以肯定的是) that this process will continue, and people will keep inventing new words and new ways of saying things. ●Task 2: Task-based reading閱讀課文, 完成下表。注意：一空一詞 Periods Time Relevant 1. _______ Old English Before t

30、he middle of the 5th century People in Britain all spoke a language called Celtic At the end of the 9th century As the Vikings invaded Britain and brought their languages, old English was 3. _____. By the 10th century Old English was the official language of England. The language was 4. ____up

31、of an Anglo-Saxon base plus words from the languages of Denmark and Norway. Middle English In 1066 The Normans conquered England and 5.______ the country. During 250 years French had an 6. ______ on English. By the latter half of the 14th century English was 7. ____ by all classes in England.

32、 In 1399 Henry IV used English for all official 8. _____. Modern English During the Renaissance in the 16th century Pronunciation 9. _____ huge changes. 2. ______ People will keep inventing new words and new ways of 10. ______ things Homework: 1. Read the text 2. Try to recite the sen

33、tences in step 3-Task 1 Second period Step 1: Personal show Write down the words according to the definition 1. difficult to understand; puzzling 2. be made up of 3. cause something to exist 4. take the place of 5. make (sth) easy to do or understand; make simple 6. live in or have po

34、ssession of 7. help to cause sth 8. difference or contrast between one person or thing and another 9. join or mix together to form a whole 10. show sth, especially by pointing 11. fitting in well with people's needs or plans; giving no trouble or difficulty; suitable 12. suitable for the pur

35、pose for which it was made; useful Step 2: Language focus 1. occupy vt.占據(jù),充滿(時(shí)間,空間,某人的頭腦等);(軍事)占領(lǐng)(國家,陣地等);占用;占有(房屋,土地等) 知識探究： His speech occupied only 3 minutes. 他的演講僅占用了三分鐘。 A bed occupied the corner of the room. 一張床占據(jù)了房間的一角。 The army occupied the enemy’s capital. 軍隊(duì)占領(lǐng)了敵人的首都。 The family ha

36、s occupied the farm for many years. 這家人占用這個(gè)農(nóng)場已經(jīng)多年了。 They occupy the house next door. 他們住在隔壁。 How does he occupy himself now that he is retired? 既然他退休了,他在忙些什么呢？ The workers were occupied in building new houses. 工人們正在忙碌著蓋新房子。 He occupies an important position in the Ministry of Education.他在教育部充任要

37、職。 She is occupied in writing a novel. 她忙于寫小說。 He occupied himself with various social activities. 他終日從事各種社交活動(dòng)。 歸納整理： 題練落實(shí)： 1. _______ reading history books, he even didn’t notice me coming. A. Occupied with B. Occupying with C. Occupied in D. Occupying in 2. ______ him

38、self _____ the project, he had no time to go back home. A. Occupied; with B. Occupying; with C. Occupied; in D. Occupying; in 3. When I arrived I saw the place was already ______ by two strangers in uniforms. A. occupied B. conquered C. possessed D. owned

39、 4. I’m afraid that Miss Liu can’t help teach you how to send an e-mail, for she is _____ herself in typing a report for the boss. A. devoting B. occupying C. putting D. finding 聯(lián)想拓寬： 他在忙于寫一本小說。He was occupied with a novel / in writing a novel. = He occupied himself

40、 with a novel / in writing a novel. 忙于…，專心于… Occupy oneself in doing sth. / with sth. = be occupied in doing sth. / with sth. = be busy in doing sth. / with sth.= be absorbed in doing sth. Occupation (n.) (1) Teaching is my occupation. 職業(yè)，專業(yè)= I am a teacher by occupation. (2) No one is yet i

41、n occupation of the house. 占有 Occupied (adj.) 在使用中，已占有，不空閑 (1) 占用：占用（時(shí)間或空間）： a lecture that occupied three hours. 長達(dá)三個(gè)小時(shí)的講座 (2) 居?。涸凇幼』蜷L期居住 (3) 占有：占有或位居（辦公室或職位） (4) 占據(jù)：通過征服手段或相似手段獲得并保持對其控制 (5) 忙于：從事、雇傭或（自己）忙于： occupy himself with sculpting. 他自己忙于雕刻 lose one’s occupation 失業(yè) have no fixe

42、d occupation 無固定職業(yè) be occupied with / in 從事/ 專心與…；忙于… 2. consist 知識探究： This club consists of more than 200 members. 這個(gè)俱樂部由200多位會(huì)員組成。 The beauty of Venice consists in the style of its ancient buildings.威尼斯之美在于其古建筑風(fēng)格。 His actions do not consist with his words.他言行不一。 歸納整理： 題練落實(shí)： 1. Our cl

43、ass ________ fifty-five students at that time. A. consisted of B. was consisted of C. made up of D. was consisting of 2. As we know, a chess set ________ 32 chessmen. A. consists in B. consists of C. is consisted in D. is consisted of 3. The mall _______ of eight kilometers of tunnel

44、s, ______ with shops, art galleries and even a water park. A. consisted; fills B. consists; filled C. consisting; filling D. consists; is filled 聯(lián)想拓寬： consist of一般不用于進(jìn)行時(shí),且只能用主動(dòng)語態(tài); be made up of只用被動(dòng)形式。 易混辨異 consist of, make up, be made up of 這三個(gè)詞都有“組成”的意思,但在用法上有所不同: (1)consist of表示

45、“……由……組成”的意思，不使用被動(dòng)語態(tài),相當(dāng)于include的意思。 (2)make up表示“……組成……”,為主動(dòng)形式,表示“部分組成一個(gè)整體”的意思。另外make up還有“化妝;編造;占……(比例);彌補(bǔ)”等意思。 (3)be made up of表示“……由……組成”,這里為被動(dòng)形式,表示“一個(gè)整體由幾個(gè)部分組成”的意思。 This club consists of more than 200 members. =This club is made up of more than 200 members. =More than 200 members make up th

46、is club. 這個(gè)俱樂部由200多名成員組成。 3. contribute 知識探究： Does smoking contribute to lung cancer? 吸煙會(huì)導(dǎo)致肺癌嗎? Your suggestion has greatly contributed to the accomplishment of our work. 你的建議大大促進(jìn)了我們工作的完成。 He contributed a large sum of money to the hospital.他向醫(yī)院捐了一大筆錢。 He made an outstanding contribution

47、 to science. 他為科學(xué)作出了卓越的貢獻(xiàn)。 歸納整理： 題練落實(shí)： 1. Would you like to _______ the hospital rebuilding fund? A. make a contribution to B. contribute C. donate D. give away 2. He ________ it his spare time as well as his spare money. A. gave away B. devoted to C. contributed with D. donat

48、ed for 3. Science and technology have ______ in important ways to the improvement of agricultural production. A. attached B. assisted C. contributed D. witnessed 4. Eating too much fat ____ heart trouble and causes high blood pressure. A. attended to B. adopts to C. con

49、tributes to D. relates to 5. Some blood types are quite common, others are regionally _____, and still others are rare everywhere. A. distributed 　 B. contributed C. obtained D. convinced contribution 1. He was honored in a number of ways for his contributions _____ the film industry.

50、 A. to B. from C. of D. with 2. He often ________ essays to the magazine. A. affords B. passes C. puts D. contributes 聯(lián)想拓寬： contribute to中to為介詞,后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞作賓語。 make contributions to對……做出貢獻(xiàn) contribute vt. &.vi.貢獻(xiàn);捐贈(zèng);增加;投稿 contribute sth. to sth.貢獻(xiàn)…給，捐獻(xiàn)…給; 給…投稿 contri

51、bute sth.貢獻(xiàn)…，捐獻(xiàn)… contribute to sth.有助于…，促成… The little girl contributed ten pounds to the charity. 這個(gè)小女孩捐了10鎊給慈善事業(yè)。 Third period Reading strategies: reading a history article This text is a typical history article. When you read a history article, you will notice dates and years in the text

52、, e.g., the 5th century, 1066. Recognizing these details will help you understand the order of events and how pieces of information relate to the rest of the text. Next time you read a history article, it is a good idea to make a time chart, listing important information such as times, places and ev

53、ents in the article. ◆ 2010年重慶C篇 It is hardly surprising that clothing manufacturers(生產(chǎn)商) follow certain uniform standards for various features(特征) of clothes. What seems strange, however, is that the standard adopted for women is the opposite of the one for men. Take a look at the way your clothe

54、s button. Men’s clothes tend to button from the right, and women’s from the left. Considering most of the word’s population----men and women----are right-handed, the men’s standard would appear to make more sense for women. So why do women’s clothes button from the left? History really seems to mat

55、ter here. Buttons first appeared only on the clothes of the rich in the 17th century, when rich women were dressed by servants. For the mostly right-handed servants, having women’s shirts button from the left would be easier. On the other hand, having men’s shirts button from the right made sense, t

56、oo. Most men dressed themselves, and a sword drawn from the left with the right hand would be less likely to get caught in the shirt. Today women are seldom dressed by servants, but buttoning from the left is still the standard for them. Is it interesting? Actually, a standard, once set, resists c

57、hange. At a time when all women’s shirts buttoned form the left, it would have been risky for any single manufacturer to offer women’s shirts that buttoned from the right. After all, women had grown so used to shirts which buttoned from the left and would have to develop new habits and skills to swi

58、tch. Besides, some women might have found it socially awkward to appear in public wearing shirts that buttoned from the right, since anyone who noticed that would believe they were wearing men’s shirts. 64. What is surprising about the standard of the clothing industry? A. It has been followed by

59、 the industry for over 400 years. B. It is different for men’s clothing and women’s. C. It woks better with men than with women. D. It fails to consider right-handed people. 65. What do we know about the rich men in the 17th century? A. They tended to wear clothes without buttons. B. They w

60、ere interested in the historical matters. C. They were mostly dressed by servants. D. They drew their swords from the left. 66. Women’s clothes still button from the left today because ______. A. adopting men’s style is improper for women B. manufacturers should follow standards C. modern w

61、omen dress themselves D. customs are hard to change 67. The passage is mainly developed by _______. A. analyzing causes B. making comparisons C. examining differences D. following the time order ◆ 完型填空（2010山東卷） It was a cool October evening. Excitement a

62、nd family members __36__ the hall. I was only a 7-year-old girl, but I was the center of __37__. Finally, after weeks of preparation, I would __38_ all my hard work in a dance of performance. Everything would be __39__ —so I thought. I waited baskstage all __40__ in my black tights with a golden bel

63、t. In a loud and clear voice, the master of ceremonies __41__ that my class was next. My dance class was doing a routine on wooden boxes two feet by two feet, facing the __42__. All I had to do in the next move was put one foot on the box next to mine and keep my other foot on my box. It really was

64、 an __43__ move. I was concentrating so much __44___ the huge smile on my face and holding my head up that I did not look __45__ I was going. I missed my partner’s box altogether and __46__. There I was standing on the stage floor when my classmates were on top of their boxes. I could hear giggles(咯

65、咯笑) coming from the audience, and I felt the ___47___ rush to my face. I remembered my dance teacher had told us, “If you make a mistake, keep smiling so the audience will not __48__.” I did my best to follow her __49__ as I continued with the routine. When the curtain dropped, so did my __50__ for

66、 the evening. I __51__ bitterly, tasting the salt from the tears that streamed down my face. I ran backstage, but no one could __52__ me down. Recently I realized I had been a __53__ that night. I was __54__, but I fought the urge to run off the stage. __55__, I finished the routine with a smile on my face. Now when friends and family laugh about the time I slipped during a dance performance, I can laugh too. 36. A. filled B. visited C. attended D. decorated 37. A. pressure