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過去分詞與現在分詞用法比較
英語中的分詞分兩種:現在分詞(the present participle)和過去分詞(the past participle)。雖然它們在句子中都可作名詞修飾語、接系動詞補足語、賓語補足語等,但是它們形式不同,而且語義也有差別。
現在從四方面舉例說明。
?、爆F在分詞表示動作是主動的和正在進行的(例①-③);過去分詞的動作是被動的和完成的(例④-⑥):
① The boiling water is hot.
?、?A sleeping baby is good to look at.
③ Sh
2、e has a smiling face.
④ You can use the boiled water to make tea.
?、?Where is my lost key?
⑥ A broken mirror cannot be repaired.
有時,由于兩個動詞“異詞同義”,其分詞也跟著不同 ,如:
⑦a. Have you seen the man wearing a T-shirt?
b. Who is the man dressed in a blue shirt?
?、郺. His new book consistin
3、g of useful data has been well received.
b. Do you like the book made up of untrue stories?
?、苍谡Z義上,現在分詞和過去分詞反映的心理狀態(tài)不同。前者有 “令人……”的含義(見例⑨);過去分詞則有“感到……”的意思(見例⑩):
?、?The soccer match last night was thrilling.(令人緊張)
?、?The soccer fans were delighted.(感到高興)
其他例子有:
● amazing: amazed;
4、
● annoying: annoyed;
● boring: bored;
● confusing: confused;
● surprising: surprised;
● terrifying: terrified
試比較11a和b以及12a和b:
11a. This is the most confusing system I have ever seen.
11b. The children will get confused if asked to learn too much at a time.
12a. D
5、avid came with some surprising news.
12b. All were surprised at Sam's sudden resignation.
?、吃谧髻e語補足語時,如果賓語是有關分詞邏輯上的主語,就用現在分詞,如:
13. The teacher found a student dozing off.
14. Don't keep the visitor waiting.
如果賓語和有關分詞有“動詞+賓語”關系,那么這個分詞就要是過去分詞了,如:
15. Where did you get your b
6、ook printed?
16. You should have your office whitewashed.
在13里,正在打瞌睡的是賓語“a student”; 在14里,賓語是 “the visitor”。15里,“printed”的賓語是“books”; 16里, “whitewashed”的賓語是“his office”。
4.分詞短語相當于副詞從句,但現在式表示的是主動的行動,如例,過去式表示被動的行動,如:
17 Entering the room, she found the wall newly painted.
18 Written in haste, the essay had some errors.
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