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1、課時(shí)素養(yǎng)評(píng)價(jià) 十 　Unit 4　Reading and Thinking Ⅰ. 單句語(yǔ)法填空 1. It is only the achievement(achieve) of these goals that will finally bring lasting peace. 2. His footprints were clearly evident(evidence) in the heavy dust. 3. There are lots of cemeteries(cemetery) outside the country. 4. They climbed upw

2、ard along the steep cliffs surrounding(surround) the village. 5. Confucius is a great philosopher(philosophy) and educator in our country. 6. A must is a visit to the fascinating(fascinate) Motor Museum. 7. When chiefs(chief) of other tribes (部落) heard about this, they were all moved. 8. His le

3、tter poses a number of puzzling(puzzle) questions. 9. The immune system (免疫系統(tǒng)) is our main defence(defend) against disease. 10. I have to find a convenient location(locate) for the shelves. Ⅱ. 根據(jù)提示完成句子 1. What can we do to help them to break away from(擺脫) the difficult position? 2. The British

4、and Dutch belong to(屬于) the same race. 3. The result depends on conditions as well as(也) how events developed. 4. Studying philosophy(研究哲學(xué)) will open another window to our lives. 5. Regular cleaning will make your room look cleaner(使你的房間看起來(lái)更加整潔). 6. The island is joined to(與……相連接) the mainland b

5、y a subsea tunnel. 7. Remember: keep your eyes open for(留意) all good things. 8. There is a hut surrounded with/by(圍繞) colorful flowers blooming. Ⅰ. 閱讀理解 A Help Hermit Crabs (2020·北京高一檢測(cè)) Hermit crabs are nature’s recyclers. They eat waste and help keep oceans and shores clean. Unlike other

6、crabs, the hermit crab has a thin outer shell over its soft tail. This makes the hermit crab easy prey for hungry predators(天敵). Hermit crabs stay safe by living in old seashells. A hermit crab is picky(狡猾); it tries on many shells until it finds one that fits just right. In recent years, however, m

7、any hermit crabs have had trouble finding their perfect homes. What is the problems? There are not enough shells to go around! One reason for the seashell shortage is that ocean water is not as clean as it once was. This has caused chemical changes to sea water. Some sea animals, like snails, are

8、 affected by these changes. Now there are fewer snails making shells. People visiting the beach often take shells home as souvenirs(紀(jì)念品). This is another problem. Other people even take shells for their own pet hermit crabs! They do not realize that hermit crabs in the wild need those shells too. N

9、ow people are working to solve this hermit crab housing shortage. They are teaching beach-Boers to leave seashells where they belong—at the seashore! Some people even make fake seashells that they hope the hermit crabs will like. For example, a group called Project Shelter invited people who visited

10、 their website to create different designs for hermit crab shells. These designers had a lot to consider. What kind of material should be used to build seashells. The material must be light enough for the hermit crab to carry, but strong enough to protect the crab from predators. The man-made shell

11、s could not contain glue or any other substance(物質(zhì))that might harm a hermit crab. Another challenge with building a hermit crab home was the opening to the shell. Too big would mean the crab would not feel safe. Too small would be uncomfortable, and the crab would not want to move in. The Project S

12、helter shells are placed in the wild for hermit crabs to find. Lucky hermit crabs can move into these new dream homes. 【文章大意】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章講述的是寄居蟹生存的貝殼越來(lái)越少的現(xiàn)狀及人類努力為它們建的新家。 1. Where can hermit crabs stay safe? A. In different old seashells. B. Behind the waste they’ll eat. C. In their own thin oute

13、r shells. D. Under the stones at the seashore. 【解析】選A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中Hermit crabs stay safe by living in old seashells. 可知, 寄居蟹在不同的古老貝殼中安身。故選A。 2. What does the underlined word “fake” in Para. 3 mean? A. man-made　　　　　　 B. perfect C. hard D. comfortable 【解析】選A。詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段中For example, a grou

14、p called Project Shelter invited people who visited their website to create different designs for hermit crab shells. “例如, 一個(gè)叫做Project Shelter的組織邀請(qǐng)?jiān)L問(wèn)過(guò)他們網(wǎng)站的人們?yōu)榧木有纷〉男窔?chuàng)建不同的設(shè)計(jì)。”由此推知Some people even make fake seashells that they hope the hermit crabs will like. “有些人甚至制作假貝殼, 希望寄居蟹會(huì)喜歡?！薄癴ake”的意思是“假的, 人造的”

15、。故選A。 3. What is the passage mainly about? A. The Project Shelter Group. B. The shortage of the seashell. C. New homes for hermit crabs. D. The recyclers of the nature. 【解析】選C。主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段The Project Shelter shells are placed in the wild for hermit crabs to find. Lucky hermit crabs can move in

16、to these new dream homes. 可知, 本文講述的是寄居蟹的新家。故選C。 B (2020·北京高一檢測(cè)) 　　Benito Juarez, a poor Indian boy, was twelve years old when he left his village home in December 1818. Benito walked forty-one miles to the city of Oaxaca, high in the mountains of Mexico. When he heard the Spanish spoken by the ci

17、ty people, Benito didn’t know what they were saying. First, Benito became a servant for a wealthy gentleman, Serer Maza. Soon, he went to work for Antonio Salanueva , a church(教會(huì)) librarian. Antonio repaired and copied the library books, keeping them in good shape. Benito became his helper and his

18、housekeeper. Antonio loved to teach. Benito soon became his student as well as his servant. With the help of Antonio, Benito learned to speak, read, and write Spanish. At that time in Mexico, many people believed that Indians were not smart enough to read or learn. Antonio knew that was not true. I

19、ndians had been prevented from learning by a lack of schools. The first Spanish missionaries(傳教士)who came to Mexico had educated the native people. In fact, churches from Spain had built the first college on the North American continent(大陸)for the Indians. As more Spanish came to Mexico, however, th

20、e Indian children were crowded out of the schools. Benito was a good and bright student, so Antonio developed a plan for him. In 1821, when Benito was fifteen, Antonio decided to enroll him in a school for boys. Antonio taught Benito what he needed to pass the entrance test for the school. Benito

21、became a student at the college. His studies were difficult, and he was teased because he was the only Indian student there. He succeeded in spite of these challenges. Later, as the laws changed, Benito was able to attend a public college with other Indians. Benito Juarez continued his education an

22、d became a lawyer and, much later, the President of Mexico from 1861 to 1872. He led the Mexican people to victory over the French, who tried to rule Mexico, and fought for the rights of Indians. He is one of the great heroes in Mexican history. 【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了Benito在墨西哥求學(xué), 上大學(xué), 成為墨西哥總統(tǒng)的經(jīng)歷。 4

23、. When Benito first arrived in the city of Oaxaca, he 　　　. A. lost touch with his family B. got the language problem C. studied in a church library D. lived in the mountain 【解析】選B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句When he heard the Spanish spoken by the city people, Benito didn’t know what they were saying. 可知, 當(dāng)

24、貝尼托第一次抵達(dá)城市瓦哈卡時(shí), 他遇到了語(yǔ)言問(wèn)題。故選B。 5. According to the passage, Antonio was a 　　　. A. good teacher　　　　 B. rich gentleman C. strict housekeeper D. helpful villager 【解析】選A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中Antonio repaired and copied the library books, keeping them in good shape. With the help of Antonio, Benito learned

25、to speak, read, and write Spanish. 和第四段Antonio decided to enroll him in a school for boys. Antonio taught Benito what he needed to pass the entrance test for the school. 可知, 安東尼奧是一個(gè)好老師。故選A。 6. In Mexico, many Indian children couldn’t get an education, because 　　　. A. they were less smart B. there

26、 were not enough schools C. there were too many native people D. they were too poor to go to school 【解析】選B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中Indians had been prevented from learning by a lack of schools. 可知, 在墨西哥, 印度許多孩子不能接受教育, 因?yàn)闆](méi)有足夠的學(xué)校。故選B。 7. What is probably the best title of the passage? A. A young student in M

27、exico. B. Fighting for the rights. C. A bright Mexican educator. D. Born to be a servant. 【解析】選A。主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段第一句Benito Juarez, a poor Indian boy, was twelve years old when he left his village home in December 1818. 倒數(shù)第二段Benito became a student at the college. His studies were difficult, and he wa

28、s teased because he was the only Indian student there. He succeeded in spite of these challenges. Later, as the laws changed, Benito was able to attend a public college with other Indians. 以及最后一段中Benito Juarez continued his education and became a lawyer and, much later, the President of Mexico from

29、1861 to 1872. 可知, 本文講述了一個(gè)印第安學(xué)生在墨西哥求學(xué)的經(jīng)歷。故選A。 Ⅱ. 閱讀填句 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容, 從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。 (2020?全國(guó)卷Ⅱ) Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the question: “Should I jump? ”This is what motivation or the lack of it can do. Motivation and goal setting a

30、re the two sides of same coin. 　1　Like the child on the diving board, you will stay undecided. 　2　More than that, how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal? First, you need to evaluate yourself, your values, your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements, your desires, etc. Onl

31、y then should you set your goals. You also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation. This is quite important, because it is directly related to your commitment. There are times when your heart is not in your work. 　3　 So, slow down and think what you really want to do at that moment.

32、 Clarity(清晰)of thoughts can help you move forward. Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives, keeping in mind your beliefs, values and strengths. Remember that goals are flexible. 　4　 They also need to be measurable. You must keep these points in min

33、d while setting your goals. Your personal circumstances are equally important. For example, you may want to be a pilot but can’t become one because your eyesight is not good enough. 　5　 You should reassess your goals, and motivate yourself to set a fresh goal. You will surely need to overcome so

34、me difficulties, some planned, but most unplanned. You cannot overcome them without ample motivation. Make sure that you plan for these difficulties at the time of setting your goals. A. This can affect your work. B. So how should you motivate yourself? C. However, this should not discourage y

35、ou. D. So why should we try to set specific goals? E. They can change according to circumstances. F. Motivation is what you need most to do a good job. G. Without motivation, you can neither set a goal nor reach it. 【文章大意】本文講了動(dòng)機(jī)和目標(biāo)之間的關(guān)系。二者相輔相成。 1. 【解析】選G。前面的句子說(shuō)到“動(dòng)機(jī)和目標(biāo)的設(shè)置是一個(gè)問(wèn)題的兩個(gè)方面”, 后一句話說(shuō)到前面的實(shí)

36、例: 跳臺(tái)上的孩子由于缺少動(dòng)機(jī)無(wú)法決定跳還是不跳?？赏浦虚g的句子會(huì)提到?jīng)]有了動(dòng)機(jī)會(huì)出現(xiàn)的結(jié)果。故選G項(xiàng)。 2. 【解析】選B。根據(jù)more than that以及后面的問(wèn)句“我們?nèi)绾伪３謩?dòng)力來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)”可推知前面應(yīng)該是一個(gè)關(guān)于如何讓我們有動(dòng)力這樣的問(wèn)題。故選B項(xiàng)。 3. 【解析】選A。前面提到“你的心不在你的工作上”以及So后提出的解決方法, 可推知中間應(yīng)該提到前面問(wèn)題帶來(lái)的不好的影響這樣的內(nèi)容。故選A項(xiàng)。 4. 【解析】選E。根據(jù)前面的句子“目標(biāo)是靈活的”可知它是可以變化的。故選E項(xiàng)。 5. 【解析】選C。前面提到“由于視力不好, 原來(lái)的當(dāng)飛行員的目標(biāo)實(shí)現(xiàn)不了”這樣的令人沮喪的情況, 后面又提到重新評(píng)估你的目標(biāo), 可推知中間一句應(yīng)該提到前面的情況不應(yīng)該使你灰心喪氣。故選C項(xiàng)。