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1、初三英語語法之被動語態(tài)學習小結(jié) 英語動詞有兩種語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。初中階段的被動語態(tài)有五種時態(tài)，我們可以從以下方面進行小結(jié)：一、被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)及結(jié)構(gòu)（以動詞do為例）結(jié)構(gòu)：主語 + be + 過去分詞時態(tài)：1. 一般現(xiàn)在時： am (is, are) done.2.帶情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)：must (can, may, should, need, would) be done3. 一般過去時： was (were) done * 4. 一般將來時： will (shall) be done * 5. 現(xiàn)在進行時： am (is, are) being done6. 現(xiàn)在完成時： have

2、(has) been done 二、從初中階段所學五種基本句型談變被動語態(tài)時應注意的問題。1主語 + 連系動詞 + 表語 (S+V+P)此結(jié)構(gòu)不可用被動語態(tài)。(正) The flowers smell sweet.(誤) The flowers are smelt sweet.2主語 + 不及物動詞 (S+V)此結(jié)構(gòu)不可變被動語態(tài)。(正) An accident happened last night.(誤) An accident was happened last night.3主語 + 及物動詞 + 賓語 (S + V+ O)（1）將主動語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語Children of

3、ten sing this song This song is often sung by children.（2）將含有介詞或副詞的動詞短語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時，不可將介詞或副詞去掉。We should listen to the teachers carefully.The teachers should be listened to carefully.4主語 + 及物動詞 + 間接賓語 + 直接賓語 (S + V+ IO+ DO)（1）.將表人的間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，直接賓語不變。He showed us a picture .We were shown a picture.（2）.將指物的直接

4、賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，要在間接賓語前加介詞to或for.常用加to的動詞give, show, pass, read等常用加for的動詞 buy, get, make, sing, draw 等A picture was shown to us.A dictionary was bought for me by my parents.5 主語+及物動詞 + 賓語 + 賓語補足語 (S+ V+ O + C)如動詞為 make, see, hear, watch 等，后接賓語補足語為不帶“to”不定式時，變被動語態(tài)時要加上“to” 。I saw him fall off the tree.He was s

5、een to fall off the tree.6. be + 過去分詞 并非都是被動語態(tài)，系動詞 be, feel, seem,look,等詞后面的過去分詞已轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞，作表語用，表示某種狀態(tài)。 Im interested in mathematics. 我對數(shù)學感興趣。*7. 某些動詞用主動語態(tài)來表示被動含義。The womans clothes sell well. 女裝賣的快。This book sells best.這本書很暢銷.被動語態(tài)專項練習1一、選擇題( )1._ a new library _ in our school last year?A.Is; built B.W

6、as; bulit C.Does; build D.Did; build( )2.An accident _ on this road last week.A.has been happened B.was happened C.is happened D.happened( )3.Cotton _ in the southeast of China.A.is grown B.are grown C.grows D.grow( )4.So far,the moon _ by man already.A.is visited B.will be visited C.has been visite

7、d D.was visited( )5.A talk on Chinese history _ in th school hall next week.A.is given B.has been given C.will be given D.gives( )6.How many trees _ this year?A.are planted B.will plant C.have been planted D.planted( )7.A lot of things _ by people to save the little girl now.A.are doing B.are being

8、done C.has been done D.will be done( )8.Neither of them _ in China.A.is made B.are made C.were made D.made( )9.Look! A nice picture _ for our teacher.A.is drawing B.is being drawn C.has been drawn D.draws( )10.Your shoes _. You need a new pair.A.wear out B.worn out C.are worn out D.is worn( )11.The

9、doctor _ for yet.A.isnt sent B.hasnt been sent C.wont be sent D.wasnt sent( )12.-When _ this kind of computers_? -Last year.A.did; use B.was; used C.is; used D.are; used( )13.The Great Wall _ all over the world.A.knows B.knew C.is known D.was known( )14.I _ in summer.A.born B.was born C.have been bo

10、rn D.am born( )15.He says that Mr Zhang _ to the factory next week.A.is sent B.would send C.was sent D.will be sent( )16.Who _ this book _?A.did; written B.was; written by C.did; written D.was;written( )17.Mary _ show me her new dictionary.A.has asked to B.was asked to C.is asked D.asks to( )18.A st

11、ory _ by Granny yesterday.A.was told us B.was told to us C.is told us D.told us( )19.The monkey was seen _ off the tree.A.jump B.jumps C.jumped D.to jump( )20.The school bag _ behind the chair.A.puts B.can be put C.can be putted D.can put( )21.Older people _ well.A.looks after B.must be looked after

12、 C.must look after D.looked after( )22.Our teacher _ carefully.A.should be listened to B.should be listen C.be listened D.is listened二、把下列句子改寫成被動語態(tài)1.They make machines in that factory. _2.Every body likes this song. _3.He doesnt show the stamps to me. _4.People dont grow rice in the west of Japan._5

13、.He often helps Tom when Tom is in trouble._6.Do the workers build many buildings? _7.Does Kate sometimes break glasses? _8.Do you always send a letter to Mr Hu? _9.What does the teacher often tell the boys to do?_10.How many desks do they buy every term?_11.They sold that kind of shoes in this shop

14、 last week._12.Granny told us a story last night. _13.He didnt give the dictionary to me yesterday._14.He didnt buy anything there before he left._15.Did he clean the blackboard just now?_16.When did she cook supper yesterday? _17.Where did she make them? _18.Whose ruler did you borrow? _19.We must

15、tie the young tree to the stick._20.They cant mend the bike in that shop._21.You should take good care of her baby._22.You may take it back home. _23.May I look after the baby at home? _24.Must we hand in our exercise-books now?_25.Can you mend this radio here? _被 動 語 態(tài) 練 習 2一、 將下列句子變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)，每空一詞。1. W

16、e can finish the work in two days. The work _ _ _ in two days.2. They produce silk in Suzhou. Silk _ _ in Suzhou.3. The children will sing an English song. An English song _ _ _ by the children. 4. You neednt do it now. It _ _ _ by you now.5. Lucy sent me a New Year Card last week.A New Year Card _

17、_ _ her by me last week.6. Peole use metal for making machines.Metal _ _ for making machines.7. He made me do that for him.I _ _ _ that for him.8.I have given this book to the library.This book _ _ _ to the library.9.Did they build a bridge here a year ago? _ a bridge _ here by them a year ago?10.We

18、ll put on an English play in our school.An English play _ _ _ on in our school.11.More and more farmers buy colour TV sets.Colour TV sets _ _ _ more and more farmers.12.My brother often mends his watch.His watch _ _ _ by my brother.13.We must water the flowers every day.The flowers must _ _ (by us)

19、every day.14.They use knives for cutting things.Knives _ _ for cutting things.15.He made the farmers work for a long time.The farmers _ _ _ _ for a long time.16.Did he break the window yesterday?_ the window _ _ _ yesterday?17.They have sold out the light green dresses.The light green dresses _ _ _

20、out.18.We clean the classroom every day.The classroom _ _ every day.19. You must not plant trees in very dry earth.Trees _ _ _ _ in very dry earth.20.You can dig a hole in the earth.A Hole _ _ _ in the earth.二、 用動詞的正確語態(tài)填空。1. The students _ often _(tell) to take care of their desks and chairs.2. That

21、 play _(put) on again sometime next month.3. The old man is ill. He _ (must send) to the hospital.4. Vegetables,eggs and fruits_ (sell) in this shop.5. What _ a knife _ (make) of? It _(make) of metal and wood.6. A Piano concert _(give) here last Friday.7. _ the magazine _(can take) out of the librar

22、y?8. The room _ (clean) by me every day.9. The stars _ (can see) in the daytime.10. Some flowers _(water) by Li Ming already.11. These kinds of machines _(make) in Japan.12. Apples _ _(grow) in this farm.13. Russian _ _ (learn)as the second language by some students in China.14. Planes,cars and trai

23、ns _ _ (use) by business people for travelling.15. The cinema _ _ (bulid) in 1985.16. The bike _ _ _ _ (must not put) here.17. A beautiful horse _ _ _ (draw) by John next day.18. This kind of machine _ _(can made) by uncle Wang.19. Mr. Green _ _ (open) two new school.20. The PLA _ _ (found) on Augus

24、t 1st,1927.21. By the time he was ten, the boy _(learn)English and French.22. How long _ your uncle _(be) in the city?23. _ you _(see) the film yet?Yes, I _(see) it last week.24. Uncle Wang _(live) here since 198025. Listen! Someone _(sing).26. Tom _(not have) breakfast yesterday morning.被動語態(tài)的口訣 一般現(xiàn)

25、、過用be done，be有人稱、時、數(shù)變。 完成時態(tài)have done，被動將been加中間。 一般將來shall (will) do，被動變do為be done。 將來進行無被動，shall (will) be doing, 現(xiàn)在完成進行同，have (has) been doing。 現(xiàn)、過進行be doing, 被動be加being done。 情、助、有、是妥安排，一律隨新主語變。 否定助后加not，疑問一助置主前。 主語恰是疑問詞，直陳語序主在前。 一般情助加be done，雙賓多將間賓變。 復合賓語賓變主，賓補、主補相應變。第二句be有人稱、時、數(shù)變即be有人稱、時態(tài)和單、復數(shù)的

26、變化。情助是指情態(tài)動詞和助動詞must，may，can，shall，will等一律隨新主語(多是主動句中的賓語)來變化。疑問一助置主前是說有兩個助動詞的話，應把主語放在第一助動詞之后或把第一助動詞置于主語之前。下面詳細舉例說明之。被動語態(tài) 英語中的被動語態(tài)使用得比漢語要多，要普遍，許多課本乃至實際應用中都常常涉及到這個問題。一般說來，當強調(diào)動作承受者，不必說出執(zhí)行者或含糊不清的執(zhí)行者時，多用被動式。須注意的是，許多地方與漢語不同。注意那些漢語中沒有被的意思，英語卻用被動態(tài)。還要注意，英語的被動態(tài)往往由by引出，而有用介詞by的短語往往又不是被動態(tài)，而是系表結(jié)構(gòu)。還有些待殊現(xiàn)象，如known t

27、o man(人類.所知)，on foot步行(美國人有時用by foot)，in carraige(乘四輪馬車)等等。還有假主動，真被動的十幾個常用詞的用法，以及so heavy to carry而不用so heavy to be carried等習慣用法。有關(guān)這類情況，做到心中有數(shù)對全面掌握被動態(tài)，準確無誤地解答習題非常關(guān)鍵，被動態(tài)必須涉及的是動詞的各種時態(tài)變化的問題。英語的時態(tài)本來很復雜，怎樣記住各自的被動形式呢? 首先要明確將來進行無被動，現(xiàn)在完成進行 同。這兩種時態(tài)無被動形式。 另外，不及物動詞帶有同源賓語的動詞，反身代詞的動詞和系動詞都無被動形式。即便如此，還有不定式，動名詞，分詞，

28、以及它們的復合結(jié)構(gòu))的被動態(tài)，再加上情態(tài)動詞，助動詞以及它們的疑問式和否定式從中摻雜，真是令人頭痛，眼花繚亂。下面口訣就以動詞do為例，即do did過去式done過去分詞，以口訣形式總結(jié)各種時態(tài)的被動態(tài)，一定對你有所啟示。 被動語態(tài)（一般現(xiàn)在時）主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)時，主動語態(tài)句中的賓語變成被動語態(tài)句中的主語，主動語態(tài)句中的主語成為被動語態(tài)句中的動作的發(fā)出者。一般現(xiàn)、過用be done, be有人稱、時、數(shù)變 例：、主動：The children gave the foreign guests a warm welcome. 被動：The foreign guests were given a

29、 warm welcome by the children. 孩子們熱烈地歡迎外賓。 、主動：People regard him as brilliant. 被動：He is regarded as brilliant by people. 人們認為他很有才華。 以上兩例都是一般時態(tài)用be done的例子，be有人稱、時、數(shù)變，第三人稱foreign friends是復數(shù)，時態(tài)一般過去時，所以be done就是were given，而People regard him as brilliant一句，被動后的be done就變成單數(shù)第三人稱is regarded的形式了。 被動：This spe

30、ech was delivered by comrade Wang. (was delivered即一般過去時的被動態(tài)) 這篇講演是王的發(fā)言。 There was a serious train accident near the border. Two people were killed and twelve were injured. 邊境發(fā)生嚴重列車事故，二人死亡，十二人受傷。 A person who is truly honest is called a straight arrow. 直言不諱的人才是真正誠實的人。 A note was passed up to the spea

31、ker. 有人給講演者遞上來一張紙條。 John was elected president of the class instead of Harry. 喬治被選為班長而代替了亨利。 Volcanoes are described as active, dormant or extinct. 火山被描述為活的，沉睡著的，或者死的。 The soldier was killed, but the train was saved. 這位戰(zhàn)士犧牲了，然而列車得救了。 He was thought to be clever but dishonest. 他被認為很聰明但不誠實。 The first

32、zoological garden in the United States was established in 1874. 美國的第一個動物園是1874年建立的。 Families were often broken up; wives were taken away from their husbands and children from their parents. 家庭被拆散，妻兒被奪走。 The information is urgently needed. 急需這個資料。 Most environmental problems exist because adequate me

33、asures for preventing them were not taken in the past. 多數(shù)環(huán)境污染問題的存在，是因為過去沒有采取適當?shù)谋Ｗo措施。 完成時態(tài)have done，被動將been加中間。 (過去完成時had done也包括在內(nèi))。 例：、主動：We have studied English for 3 years off and on at the spare-time school. 被動：English has been studied for 3 years off and on at the spare-time school. (have隨新主語變?yōu)?/p>

34、has) 我們已經(jīng)在夜校里斷斷續(xù)續(xù)地學了三年英語了。 、主動: They had produced 100 tractors by the end of last year. 被動: 100 tractors had been produced by the end of last year. 到去年年底我們已生產(chǎn)出一百臺拖拉機。 、主動：They have set up a power station in their home town. 被動：A power station has been set up in their home town. 他們的家鄉(xiāng)建立了一座發(fā)電站。 、主動：Th

35、ey have warned us to be careful of rats. 被動：We have been warned to be careful of rats. 他們已提醒我們要注意老鼠。 、主動：People have piled plastic bags full of rubbish in streets. 被動: Plastic bags full of rubbish have been piled in streets. 人們把裝滿垃圾的塑料袋子堆放在街上。 、主動：We have used nuclear energy to produce electricity.

36、被動：Nuclear energy has been used to produce electricity. 核能已用來發(fā)電。 、主動：No one has ever beaten him at tennis. 被動：He has never been beaten at tennis. 就網(wǎng)球來說還沒有人是他的對手。 (No one涉及到全否定和部分否定問題，見否定一講) The person who owns the gun may try to deny that he has used it. But anyone seeing the smoke knows the gun has

37、 just been fired. 有槍的人會極力否認他開了槍。但是任何看到槍煙(槍冒的煙)的人都會知道剛才開了槍。 Today is Cilias wedding font id=Mark style=COLOR: blue; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ccffffday/font, she has just been married to Danel. 今天是西麗亞的新婚日，她剛剛和丹尼爾結(jié)婚。 The subjects of these lectures have been announced by the lecture committee. 演講委員會已宣布了這些講演的題

38、目。 過去完成時也是一樣： 主動: Somebody had cleaned my shoes. 被動: My shoes had been cleaned by somebody. 有人早已把我的鞋子擦了。 When I returned I found that they had towed (toud) my car away, I asked why they had done this and they told me that id was because I had parked it under a No Parking Sign. 被動：my car had been tow

39、ed away. I asked why this had been done and told that . it had been parked under a No Parking Sign. 當我回來時，發(fā)現(xiàn)我的車被弄走了。我問他們?yōu)樯哆@么于。他們告訴我說因為我把車于停在禁止停車的禁區(qū)。 主動：They had build three ships by last December. 被動： By last December three ships had been built by them. 到去年年底他們已建造了三艘船。 Research had been centred on t

40、he improvement of natural building materials before synthetics were created. 合成材料造出之前，研究工作集中在改進天然建筑材料上。 He did not say if all those steel pipes had been examined. 他并沒有說那些鋼管都檢驗過沒有。 After plastic had been created, engineers were given a much wide choice of materials. 塑料發(fā)明之后，工程師們在材料選擇上有了更廣闊的途徑。 一般將來sha

41、ll (will) do，被動變do為be done 即由shall do或will do變?yōu)閟hall done或will be done。 例：主動: We shall build several big modern power plants in our city next year. 被動：Several big modern power plants will be built in our city next year. 過年我市將建立幾座大型現(xiàn)代化的發(fā)電廠。 (shall do中的shall要隨新主語變?yōu)閣ill, do為be done.) 王動：I shall send my

42、 second boy to school next September. 被動：My second boy will be sent to school next September. 過年九月我將送我次子去讀書。 主動：In order to fool people cheaps and swindlers will make such bricks out of lead covering the lead brick with gold. 被動：Such bricks will be made out of lead covering the lead brick with gold

43、by cheaps and swindlers. 設法騙錢的商人和騙子們將通過把鉛磚外面鍍上一層金來做這樣的金磚。 主動：They will ask you a lot of strange questions. 被動: You will be asked a lot of strange questions. 他們將問你許多怪題。 被動句中的by引出的賓語，一般說來，如果是人稱代詞你、我、他等，均可省略，someone no one不由by來引出。如果是名詞不能省略，但當今英語也都可省略了。 主動：The Chinese people will make more space explora

44、tions in the future. 被動：More space explorations will be made in the future by the Chinese people. 中國人民在將來將進行更多的空間探索。 同樣 After a period of use, the batteries should be changed. 電池使用一段時間后，應該更換。 Usually, the electricity is on for 24 hours. But tomorrow it will be cut off in the font id=Mark style=COLOR

45、: blue; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ccffffday/font time. 通常是晝夜供電，明天白天將停電。 More peaceful uses will be found for nuclear explosives in the future. 在將來會發(fā)現(xiàn)更多的和平利用核爆炸的途徑。 More hard work will be needed to make this wonder come true in a short time from now. 從現(xiàn)在起要使這些奇跡在短時間內(nèi)成為現(xiàn)實還需要做更多的艱苦工作。 e true 使成為事實; come true做賓

46、補(見感使動詞口訣)。 The machine will not be used again. 這機器不能再用了。 Will more gas be needed? 需要更多的煤氣嗎? 但如果是一般過去將來時如何處理呢？請記下面口訣： 一般過去將來時，過去某時將發(fā)生。 主動should (would) do，被動be done代原形。 將來進行無被動，現(xiàn)在完成進行同。 主動：A few days ago we were still not quite sure whether we should carry out the new plan ahead of time. 被動：.whether

47、 the new plan would be carried out ahead of time. 幾天前，我們還不能肯定能否提前執(zhí)行新的計劃。 主動：I did not say that we would change the equipment. 被動：I did not say that the equipment would be changed. 我并沒說過，我們將換掉那臺設備。 主動：My supervisor told me that he would give me a special tutorial a few days ago. 被動：My supervisor told

48、 me that a special tutorial would be given to me a few days ago. 幾天前，我的導師說他將對我進行個別輔導。 主動: I never thought that be would bring me the information so early. 被動：I never thought that the information would be brought to me so early. 我決沒想到他那么早就會把資料帶給我。 將來進行無被動，shall (will) be doing, 現(xiàn)在完成進行同have (has) been

49、 doing, 即將來進行時表示動作在將來某一時刻或某個階段正在進行現(xiàn)在完成進行時表示某-行為發(fā)生在過去延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能還要延續(xù)下去。兩種時態(tài)則不用被動語態(tài)。 例；We hope your comany will soon be sending an engineer over to check this equipment. (將來進行時) 我們希望貴公司早些派一名工程師來檢查這臺設備。 In a ffew minutes our passenger plane will be flying in the stratosphere. (將來進行時) 幾分鐘后我們的客機將在同溫層中飛行。 We

50、 hope scientists will be tapping new energy sources to meet the need for power. 我們希望科學家們將發(fā)掘新的能源來滿足能量的需要。(將來進行時) What will you be doing this evening? 今晚你將做什么?（將來進行時) I have been living in Anshan Since 1980(現(xiàn)在完成進行時) 1980年以來，我一直住在鞍山。 How long have you been studying English? 你學英語多久了?(現(xiàn)在完成進行時) We have be

51、en waiting at the airport for the because of the thick fog. 由于大霧，我們已經(jīng)在機場等了一整天了。 (現(xiàn)在完成進行時) Since then, applied mathematicians have been coping successfully with many problems in astronony. 從那時以來，應用數(shù)學家成功地處理了許多天文學上的問題。 (現(xiàn)在完成進行時)以上均無被動態(tài)。 現(xiàn)、過進行be doing，被動be加being done 即現(xiàn)在進行時或過去進行時都是be的人稱、時和數(shù)的形式加doing。而被動

52、態(tài)則是be加上being done的形式，being是不變的?，F(xiàn)在進行時和過去進行時的被動態(tài)是被動態(tài)個的重點，容易搞錯。例如： 主動：The workers are repairing the main building of the Northeast Engineering Institute. 被動：The main building of the Northeast Engineering Institute is being repaired by the workers. 工人們正在維修東北工學院主樓。 Two reservoirs are being built at the s

53、ame time. 兩座水庫同時建造。 The nasty question is being considered by the committee members. 委員會的委員們正在考慮那個棘手的問題.Equipment and foodstuffs are being flown to the floodstricken areas. 設備和食品正在空運到災區(qū)。 The buildong of another fly-over is being planned. 他們在計劃修建另一座跨線橋。 We coudld not get through because the February

54、19th Road was being repaired. 我們過不去，因二.一九路正維修呢。情、助、有、是妥安排，一律隨新主語變。 帶情態(tài)動詞和助動詞等的被動態(tài)如何處理比較復雜。要隨新的主語來變化，這些詞如can, could；will, would; shall, should; may, might; must; ought to; need需要；have to不得不；be going to; to be to; used to; seem to; happen to等。例如： 下回書接續(xù)！ 接上回書！ 主動: We must keep this in mind. 被動：This mus

55、t be kept in mind. 我們必須把這個記在心里。 主動：We can put the refrigerator in that place. (refrigerator=freezer.) 被動：The refrigerator can be put in that place. 我們可以把電冰箱放在那個地方。 主動：We shall not use the washing machine again. 被動：The washing machine will not be used again. 我們不能再用那臺洗衣機了。 原來的謂語shall use被動態(tài)中隨新主語變?yōu)閣ill

56、 主動: We shall take more measures to prevent corrosion. 被動: More measures will be taken to prevent corrosion. (shall變will) 我們將采取更多的措施來防止腐蝕。 I ought to be criticized for it. 我應該為此受到批評. All this has to be solved with great care. 這一切得認真解決。 The lobby is going to be rebuilt. 門廳將重建。 The exhibition is to be

57、 opened tomorrow. 展覽會將明日開放。 再如： 主動：We shall have to adopt a different attitude. 被動：A different attitude will have to be adopted. 我們將不得不采取另一種態(tài)度. 主動：You are to leave the bag here. 被動: The bag is to be left here. (are to隨新主語變?yōu)閕s to) 你應把包裹放在這兒。 主動：They used to start these engines by hand. 被動：These engin

58、es used to be started by hand. 過去他們用手啟動馬達。 主動: We are going to paint the wall green. 被動：The all is going to be painted green. 我們打算把墻刷成綠色。 主動：You neednt type this letter. 被動：This letter need not be typed. (ought to, need是不變助動詞) 你不必把這封信打字。 主動：John seems to like Mary very much. 被動：Mary seems to be like

59、d very much by John. 看來約翰非常喜歡瑪麗。 主動：The boy happened to meet her in the street. 被動：She happened to be met in the street by the boy. 這個男孩碰巧在街上遇到了她。 主動：It must have disappointed him terribly that people told him they didnt want him. 被動：He must have been terribly disappointed to be told he wast wanted.