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1、初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法第2集 名師講解+中考真題欣賞+配套練習(xí)題初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法English Grammar（本集第四至五章，第四章、代詞。第五章、數(shù)詞。有詳細(xì)的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)復(fù)習(xí)與總結(jié)；有中考真題欣賞，有答案與解析；有配套練習(xí)題及答案或者答案解析。）前言 本資料為初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法，為初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)者準(zhǔn)備，內(nèi)容具體，簡(jiǎn)單易懂。是本人這個(gè)暑假參考語(yǔ)法書籍進(jìn)行整編，并于暑期社會(huì)實(shí)踐初中英語(yǔ)家教作為教案材料。現(xiàn)與廣大好友分享！目錄第一章 構(gòu)詞法（word-formation）第二章 名詞（Nouns）第三章 冠詞（Articles）第四章 代詞（Pronouns）第五章 數(shù)詞（Numerals）第六章 形容詞（Adje

2、ctives）第七章 副詞（Adverbs）第八章 介詞（Prepositions）第九章 動(dòng)詞（Verbs）第十章 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)（Tenses）第十一章 動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)（Voices）第十二章 限定動(dòng)詞與非限定動(dòng)詞（Finite and Non-finite Verbs）第十三章 簡(jiǎn)單句（The simple sentences）第十四章 It的用法（The use of “it”）第十五章 并列句（The compound sentences）第十六章 主從復(fù)合句（The complex sentences）-賓語(yǔ)從句第十七章 主從復(fù)合句（The complex sentences）-狀語(yǔ)從句第

3、十八章 主從復(fù)合句（The complex sentences）-定語(yǔ)從句*第四章 代詞（Pronouns）代詞 分為人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞、相互代詞、疑問代詞、不定代詞和關(guān)系代詞。1. 人稱代詞1） 人稱代詞的形式（用來指人的代詞）人稱代詞有主格和賓格，有單復(fù)數(shù)形式單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)主格賓格主格賓格第一人稱Imeweus第二人稱youyouyouYou第三人稱hesheithimherittheythem2） 人稱代詞主格的用法 作主語(yǔ) e.g. Im a student. You are a teacher. We all work very hard. 作表語(yǔ)，用在“It who(

4、that)”結(jié)構(gòu)中 e.g. Its she who has been wrong.3） 人稱代詞賓格的用法 作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ) e.g. Tell himher to call back a little later. 作介詞賓語(yǔ) e.g. This pen is bad. I cant write with it. 作表語(yǔ) 人稱代詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常要用賓格 e.g. Who is knocking at the door? Its me. 4） 使用人稱代詞需注意的幾個(gè)問題主語(yǔ)是并列的幾個(gè)人稱時(shí)，應(yīng)將you放在最前，I放在最后 e.g. You, she and I are all inter

5、ested in the story.she通常可以用來代替國(guó)家、船只、大地、月亮等it有時(shí)也可指人（尤其是嬰兒） e.g. Look at the poor little child. It has just fallen down.2物主代詞（表示所有關(guān)系的代詞） 1） 物主代詞的形式單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱形容詞性物主代詞myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名詞性物主代詞mineYourshisheritsoursyourstheirs2） 形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞的用法形容詞性物主代詞只能做定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞 e.g. his ho

6、bby our plan名詞性物主代詞可作主語(yǔ)、標(biāo)語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)A.作主語(yǔ) e.g. That isnt my car. Mine is being repaired.B.作表語(yǔ) e.g. Is this your book or mine?C.作賓語(yǔ) e.g. You may use my umbrella. Ill use hers.D.“of+名詞性物主代詞”可以做定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于名詞的雙重所有格 e.g. Is he a neighbor of yours?3. 反身代詞（用來表示“我自己”、“你自己”、“他自己”等意義的代詞） 1） 反身代詞的形式單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱myselfourselves

7、第二人稱yourselfyourselves第三人稱himselfherselfitselfthemselves2） 反身代詞的作用作賓語(yǔ)（及物動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語(yǔ)）表示動(dòng)作承受者是動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者自己 e.g. Let me introduce myself.作表語(yǔ) e.g. Im not quite myself these days.作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ)，起加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣的作用，表示“親自本人”e.g. The boy himself made the model plane.1. 指示代詞（用來指示或標(biāo)示人或物的一類代詞）this that these those it such same so等1）

8、 this, that, these, those的用法作主語(yǔ) e.g. This is a good idea.作賓語(yǔ) e.g. I shall take those.作定語(yǔ) e.g. I like those flowers.作表語(yǔ) e.g. What I want to say is this.2） such（如此的，這樣的）和same（同樣的，一樣的）作指示代詞的用法 such可以作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。Such作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，它所修飾的名詞之前如有不定冠詞，這個(gè)不定冠詞應(yīng)放在such之后。A.作定語(yǔ) e.g. The foreign visitors said they had neve

9、r seen such a beautiful scenery before.B.作主語(yǔ) e.g. Such is our plan for the coming holiday.C.作賓語(yǔ) e.g. Last before Christmas they wanted help with trees and such.D.作表語(yǔ) e.g. The waves were such as I had never seen before. same可作定語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ).在same前必須加定冠詞theA. 作定語(yǔ) e.g. My friend came by the same train as yo

10、u.B. 作主語(yǔ) e.g. The same can be seen if you do the experiment once again.C. 作賓語(yǔ) e.g. We must all say the same.D. 作表語(yǔ) e.g. Its all the same to me.3） so作賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)的用法 作賓語(yǔ) e.g. I will write today. Do so. 作表語(yǔ) e.g. Be it so.這樣就行。注：so?？捎迷谑÷跃渲?e.g. I dont like him. Why so? = Why is that so?so常置于句首 e.g. oh！Ive fin

11、ished. So have I.4） it作指示代詞的用法 翻譯的時(shí)候，不必翻出來 e.g. Oh, its you, Lao Li. 噢，是你啊，老李。5.相互代詞（表示相互關(guān)系的代詞，有each other和one another兩個(gè)） 1）相互代詞的形式主格和賓格所有格each other（一般指兩個(gè)人或物）each others 彼此的one another（一般指兩個(gè)以上的人或物）one anothers 彼此的2） 相互代詞的用法 作賓語(yǔ) e.g. Weve know each other for many years. You should listen to one anot

12、her a bit more. 相互代詞的所有格形式只能作定語(yǔ) e.g. We are interested in one anothers work. The students corrected each others mistakes in their homework.6.疑問代詞（用來構(gòu)成特殊疑問句的代詞） 常見的有who作主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ), whom作賓語(yǔ), whose, what, which可作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。疑問代詞有格的變化，有指人指物的區(qū)別1） 疑問代詞的形式主格賓格所有格指人WhoWhomWhose指物WhatWhose指人或指物WhichWhose2） 疑問代詞在句

13、中的作用 作主語(yǔ) e.g. Whos in dining-room? 作表語(yǔ) e.g. Who is she? 作賓語(yǔ) e.g. Whom are you writing to? 作定語(yǔ) e.g. Whose book is this?7.不定代詞（來替代任何不定數(shù)量或范圍的人和事物，有名詞和形容詞的作用，可作主、賓、表、定） 1）one的用法 指不定人稱時(shí)，表示“人”譯為：一個(gè)人、人人 其反身代詞為oneself，物主代詞為ones e.g. One has to do ones best.人人都要盡力而為。 代替前面出現(xiàn)過的可數(shù)名詞，以免出現(xiàn)重復(fù)，復(fù)數(shù)形式ones，可與冠詞連用，可以有自己

14、的定語(yǔ) e.g. Please pass me the book, the one on the top shelf. 2）some，any的用法 some和any都可在句中做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。Some常用在肯定句中，any常用在疑問句和否定句中 e.g. My son needs some colour paper. Have you got any? any用于肯定句，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，意為“任何” e.g. Any students can ask me any questions at any time. Some也可用于疑問句中，表示請(qǐng)求、建議或表示說話人希望得到肯定的回答e.g. Woul

15、d you like some coffee? some，any與-thing，-body，-one構(gòu)成的合成詞的用法與some，any一樣e.g. I have something important to tell you. 3）many，much，(a) few，(a) little的用法含義 用法與可數(shù)名詞連用與不可數(shù)名詞連用許多manymuch一些a fewa little幾乎沒有fewlittle4） another, other, others, the other, the others的用法 another(=an other)表示“別的”，“另一個(gè)”，泛指眾多中的一個(gè)，一般

16、后面接單數(shù)名詞，前面不加定冠詞 e.g. This book is too difficult for me. Will you please give me another one? the other表示兩個(gè)中的一個(gè)，常與one連用，onethe othere.g. I have two pencils. One is red, the other is blue. other+名詞=others（別的） e.g. Some are listening to the radio. Others are watching TV. the other+名詞=the others（其余的，相當(dāng)于

17、the rest）e.g. Some of the students are from the north. The others(=the other students) are from the south. 5）every和each的用法 都是“每一個(gè)”的意思 形式上都是單數(shù)，區(qū)別如下：every只能作定語(yǔ)，而each兼有形容詞和名詞的作用，可作主、定、賓和同位語(yǔ)從數(shù)量上看，each用來指兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的人或物中的一個(gè)，而every則指兩個(gè)以上的人或物中的一個(gè) 6）both，all，neither，none，either的用法neither指兩者中的“任何中的一個(gè)都不”，是單數(shù)；none

18、指三者以上中的“任何一個(gè)都不”，可以單數(shù)也可復(fù)數(shù)；either指“兩個(gè)中的任何一個(gè)”，有肯定意義。8.關(guān)系代詞（用來引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的代詞，有who，whom，whose，which） who，whom指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中分別作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ) that指物，在定于從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ) which指物，在定于從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ) whose可以指人也可以指物，在定于從句中作主語(yǔ) *2012中考真題欣賞【2012福建福州】32. Here is a schoolbag. Whose is it? Oh, its_. Thank you. A. my B. mine C. me【答案】B【解析】選B。考查代詞的用

19、法。my為形容詞性物主代詞意為“我的”；mine為名詞性物主代詞意為“我的”；me為人稱代詞的賓格意為“我”。名詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于形容詞性物主代詞+名詞，此句的答語(yǔ)句意為：它是我的書包，因此需要用mine代替my schoolbag。故選B。【2012福建福州】38. Mrs Brown is nice. Every day she tried to cook_for me during my stay in Canada.A. something different B. anything different C. noting different【答案】A 【解析】選A?？疾椴欢ù~的用法

20、。something一般用于肯定句，anything一般用于否定句。當(dāng)形容詞修飾不定代詞時(shí)需后置。句意為：“布朗夫人很好，我呆在加拿大期間她每天給我做不同的飯”。故選A。【2012福建福州】38. Mrs Brown is nice. Every day she tried to cook_for me during my stay in Canada.A. something different B. anything different C. noting different【答案】A 【解析】選A?？疾椴欢ù~的用法。something一般用于肯定句，anything一般用于否定句。當(dāng)形

21、容詞修飾不定代詞時(shí)需后置。句意為：“布朗夫人很好，我呆在加拿大期間她每天給我做不同的飯”。故選A?！?012貴州貴陽(yáng)】33. Its polite to take _ flowers as a gift when you go to visit a friend. A. little B. any C. some 【答案】C考查代詞的用法。little意為“一些，一點(diǎn)”，修飾不可數(shù)名詞；any意為“一些”，一般用在否定句中或疑問句中；some意為“一些”，一般用在肯定句中。根據(jù)句意：當(dāng)你去拜訪朋友時(shí)，帶著一些花作為禮物，這是很有禮貌的。故選C 【2012.安徽省】31. - How is He

22、len in the new school?- She is doing very well. There is _ to worry about.A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything 【答案】C【2012.安徽省】37. - Whose pen is this? - Oh, its _. I was looking for it everywhere. A. you B. yours C. me D. mine 【答案】D【2012.安徽省】44. -We have red and yellow T-shirts. Which c

23、olor do you like? - Im afraid_. 1 think blue will be OK.A. bothB. eitherC. neither D. none 【答案】C【2012北京】22. The lovely girl is from Class6. _ name is Alice. A. Her B. HisC.YourD. Its【答案】A【2012北京】24. There were only two paintings for sale and he bought _. A. allB. anyC. bothD. some【答案】C【2012甘肅雞西市】26.

24、 Ill take_of the cameras, one is for my brother, the other is for Jim.A. eitherB. bothC. all 【答案】B【2012廣東】27. Which basketball player do you like best, Kobe, James or Jordan? of them. Lin Shuhao is my favorite.A. AllB. NoneC. EitherD. Neither【答案】B【2012廣西玉林】30. -Sam, who teachers _Chinese? -Mrs. Whit

25、e. She has lived in China for years. _ Chinese is very good. A. you; Her B. your; Hers C. you; Him D. your; She【答案】A 【2012貴州安順】11. Would you please lend me _ English book? _ isnt here.Ayour; IByou; MyCyours; Mine Dyour; Mine【答案】D【2012貴州安順】15.Would you like to have _ coffee? No, thanks. I dont want _

26、 drinks now. Aany; anyBany; someCsome; someDsome; any【答案】D【2012貴州畢節(jié)】21. Please give _ English book to her.A. me B. I C. mine D. my【答案】D 考查代詞的用法。根據(jù)句意“請(qǐng)把我的英語(yǔ)書給她”可知此處修飾English book應(yīng)該使用形容詞性的物主代詞，故選D。 【2012貴州銅仁】22. My English is so poor, please help_ to improve it.A. me B. I C. my D. mine 【 答案】A【解析】此題考代詞

27、。me是I的賓格形式，I是主格，my是形容詞性物主代詞，mine是名詞性物主代詞。help sb to do sth表示“幫助某人干某事”，此處需要人稱代詞，help是動(dòng)詞，此處需要其賓格形式。故選A?！?012貴州銅仁】24 Where is my pen? Oh, sorry, I have taken_ by mistake.A. yours B. mine C. hers D. his【答案】A【解析】此題考物主代詞。yours“你的”，mine“我的”，hers”她的”，his“他的”，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都是名詞性無助代詞。根據(jù)句意：我的鋼筆在哪里？對(duì)不起。我錯(cuò)拿了你的?？崭裰斜硎緔our p

28、en。故需要一個(gè)名詞性物主代詞。故選A?！?012黑龍江齊齊哈爾】26. Ill take _of the cameras, one is for my brother, the other is for Jim.A. eitherB. bothC. all 【答案】B【2012湖北荊州】25. Is your father or mother a teachers? . My father is a doctor and my mother is an office worker. A. BothB. EitherC. NeitherD. None【答案】C【2012湖北十堰】27. Mar

29、y and Gina are my cousins. _ father works in Dongfeng Company. A. TheirB. TheyC. ThemD. Theirs【答案】A【2012湖北隨州】22. Which do you prefer, a bottle of orange or a bottle of milk? _, thanks. Id like just a cup of tea. A. Either B. Neither C.Both D. None 【答案】B【2012湖北武漢】39. When the Greens moved into the ho

30、use last week, _ was at sixes and sevens, so they did a big cleaning.A. something B. everything C. anything D. nothing 【答案】B【2012湖北咸寧】22.Do you like talking with your friends on the telephone or mobile phone? _. I enjoy chatting on-line. A. Neither B. Either C. Both D. None【答案】A【2012湖北咸寧】30.Are thes

31、e CDs _? No, they are not mine. They belong to _. A. your; her B. yours; herC. you; hers D. yours; she【答案】B【2012湖北孝感】23. I guess Peter and his sister Sally enjoyed at the dancing party.A. myself B. himself C. herself D. themselves【答案】D【2012湖北宜昌】29. Will you go to the London Olympic Games with your s

32、ister? Dad can only afford one ticket, so of us has to stay at home. A. either B. all C. both D. neither 【答案】A 【2012湖南懷化】【答案】C【2012湖南永州】22. With _ help, we finished our work on time.A. they B. them C. their【答案】C【2011湖南株洲】24. The students are helping the old man clean _ house now.A. her B. him C. his

33、【答案】C考查代詞辨析。Her可以做賓格“她”，可以作形容詞性物主代詞“她的”；him作賓格“他”；his作名詞性物主代詞“他的（東西）”或形容詞性物主代詞“他的”。根據(jù)句意“學(xué)生在幫助老人打掃他的房間。”故選C。【2012江蘇淮安】2. Han Han is very popular among the teenagers. We all like .A. himB. heC. hisD. himself【答案】A【2012江蘇連云港】5.Have you bought for Lindas birthday? Not exactly. Just some flowers A. someth

34、ing unusual B. anything unusual C. unusual something D. unusual anything【答案】B【2012江蘇南京】2. I think can make Andy change his mind. He is such a person who never gives up easily. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything 【答案】C*配套練習(xí)題及答案代詞專項(xiàng)練習(xí) （1）( ) 1. Open the door, please! Its .A. I B. my C. m

35、e D. mine( ) 2. _ have known each other for 15 years.A. He and I B. I and He C. You and him D. You and me( ) 3. He lost his book. Will you lend him _. A. you B. your C. yours D. yourself( ) 4. Wont you let_ help you?A. I and my friend B. my friend and I C. my friend and me D. me and he( ) 5. “Here i

36、s a pair which fits”. “Could I _?”A. put it on B. try on them C. put on them D. try them on ( ) 6. Thats not_, it is _. I made it _. A. yours, her, myself B. yours, mine, myself C. yours, my, myself D. you, mine, my( ) 7. The sentence_ is not wrong.A. himself B. myself C. it D. itself( ) 8. The girl

37、 dresses_ when she gets up.A. her B. she C. himself D. herself( ) 9. _ these girls do you know?A. Who are B. Which of C. What D. How many( ) 10. _ is he? He is an economist.A. Who B. Whom C. What D. Which( ) 11. Our feeling was_. A. the same as they B. same as they C. the same as theirs D. same as t

38、heirs( ) 12. Who is that boy? _. A. He is a student B. He is a worker C. He is her brother D. He is tall( )13. This dinning chair is different from_.A. ones B. your C. that one D. that( )14. The population of Shanghai is larger than _ of Nanjing.A. that B. one C. this D. those( ) 15. Everyone should

39、 be careful of _ pronunciation.A. their B. ones C. our D. his( ) 16. There isnt_ work for you to do.A. some B. any C. a D. one ( ) 17. Why not try_ local dishes in a downtown restaurant? A. some B. any C. many D. a little( ) 18. He often helped others; he never thought of _.A. myself B. him C. himse

40、lf D. me( ) 19. You like this but I like_. A. this B. these C. those D. that ( ) 20. _ hat is this? A. Whos B. Whose C. Whom D. Who ( ) 21. I invited Tom and Jane to dinner, but_ of them came.A. neither B. either C. both D. none( ) 22. Is_ here? No, Xiao Wang is in the library.A. anybody B. everybod

41、y C. somebody D. nobody( ) 23. Is there_ wrong with your TV?A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything( ) 24. Both of these are interesting books. You can borrow_ of them.A. some B. any C. either D. no ( ) 25. There are two windows in the room. They _ face east. A. all B. both C. every D. eit

42、her( ) 26. Here are two dictionaries. You may use _of them.A. all B. every C. each D. either( ) 27. The teacher put_ the books he could find on the desk. A. all B. any C. much D. some( ) 28. ChenBin has read lots of stories by Chinese writers, now he would like to read_ stories by writers from_ coun

43、tries.A. some, any B. other, other C. other, some D. some, other( ) 29. I cant go there. There is_ bus. A. not B. not any C. no D. none( ) 30. Let you and_ do it togetherA. I B. my C. me D. mine( ) 31. I dont think this is a good idea. Have you any_ suggestion?A. another B. the other C. others D. ot

44、her( ) 32. _ a pity you didnt see the film. A. Its B. Thats C. These is D. Whats( ) 33. It was _who helped me a lot. A. herself B. she C. himself D. her( ) 34. I dont like playing football,_ does he.A. either B. neither C. none D. so( ) 35. _ are very good. A. Both they B. The both boys C. Both of t

45、hey D. Both those boys( ) 36. _ of the three bus lines will take you to the station.A. All B. Either C. Neither D. Both( ) 37. Try to make as_ mistakes as possible in your homework. A. less B. little C. fewer D. few ( ) 38. I have _ money with me. Let me pay for you.A. a little B. little C. a few D.

46、 few( ) 39. Not all students go home on holiday, _ still stay in the school.A. a little B. none C. a few D. few( ) 40. I havent _ money with me, but if you want I can give you_.A. much, many B. many, little C. much, some D. any, much( ) 41. Thats the matter between_. A. I and you B. me and your C. y

47、ou and I D. you and me ( ) 42. Have you finished_ homework?A. yours B. I C. your D. you( ) 43. - This is _ ruler. Where is _? - Oh, _ is on the desk.A. me, yours, my B. my, your, my C. my, yours, mine D. mine, your, my( ) 44. _ has some new books. The books are on _ shelf. A. He, his B. He, him C. H

48、im, his D. His, he( ) 45. We want_ example. This one is not enough. A. the other B. others C. other D. another( ) 46. “_ teaches _ English?” “Mrs. Ma_.”A. Who, your, does B. Who, you, does C. You, whom, do D. You, whose, is( ) 47. Could you give me _ water?A. any B. some C. little D. many( ) 48. “_w

49、atch is this?” “ Its_.”A. Whose, your B. Whose, yours C. Which, you D. What, yours( ) 49. Most of _ can read as fluently as _.A. us, they B. our, them C. we, them D. ours, theirs( ) 50. He is the boy_ I went swimming yesterday. A. who B. whom C. with whom D. him 參考答案代詞專項(xiàng)練習(xí) （1）1. C 2. A 3. C 4. C 5.

50、D 6. B 7. D 8. D 9. B 10. C 11. C 12. C 13. C 14. A 15. D 16. B 17. A 18. C 19. D 20. B 21. A 22. B 23. B 24. C 25. B 26. D 27. A 28. D 29. C 30. C 31. D 32. A 33. B 34. B 35. D 36. A 37. D 38. A 39. C 40. C 41. D 42. C 43. C 44. A 45. D 46. B 47. B 48. B 49. A 50. C*代詞專項(xiàng)練習(xí) （2）( )51. The weather in

51、summer in Wuhan is hotter than _ in Beijing. A. oneB. it C. thatD. this( )52. - How do you think about the film? - Sorry. _ of us have seen it.A. SomeB. Any C. AllD. None( )53. - Which do you like better, English or Chinese? - _. I prefer math. A. EitherB. Neither C. BothD. No one( )54. - What would

52、 you like to drink? - It doesnt matter. _ will do. A. SomethingB. NothingC. EverythingD. Anything( )55. - Shall we meet on Saturday or Sunday? - _ day is OK. A. AnyB. Either C. EachD. Every( )56. - Is this your book? - No, _ is in my bag. Perhaps its_.A. my, her B. mine, hers C. mine, herD. my, hers( )57. Mr Wang taught _ English last term. A. we B. us C. our D. ours( )58. I have two brothers. _ is a doctor, _ is a soldier. A. One, the other B. One, otherC. The one, the other D. The one, other( )59. His mother did the housework all by _. A.