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1、 2011年初一英語暑假課程資料 Rita編 此資料歸陽關(guān)英語內(nèi)部所有語法篇語法一：句子成分課前15分：I have cities, but there are not any houses in them.I have forests, but not any trees in them.I have rivers, but there is not any water in them. What am I ? _ 一、句子的定義句子的定義:句子是包含主語和謂語部分的一組詞。它有一定的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和語調(diào)，用以表達(dá)一個(gè)比較完整的獨(dú)立的概念。句子的各個(gè)組成部分叫做句子成分.句子是按照一定的語法規(guī)律組

2、成的，表達(dá)一個(gè)完整的意義。一個(gè)句子一般由兩部分構(gòu)成，即主語部分和謂語部分，這兩部分也叫做句子的主要成分?，F(xiàn)代漢語里一般的句子成分有六種，即主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語和補(bǔ)語。英語的基本成分有七種：主語（subject）、謂語（predicate）、表語（predicative）、賓語（object）、定語（attribute）、狀語(adverbial) 和補(bǔ)語（complement）。句子成分是句子中起一定功用的組成部分。1）主語：是一句的主體，是全句述說的對(duì)象，常用名詞，數(shù)詞或代詞擔(dān)任，一般放于句首。如：Students study. (學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)。)We are friends.(我們是朋

3、友)這兩句話中單詞students是個(gè)名詞，we是代詞，它們?cè)诰渲凶鲋髡Z。2）謂語：是對(duì)主語加以陳述，表示主語的行為或狀態(tài)，常用動(dòng)詞或者動(dòng)詞詞組擔(dān)任，放在主語的后面。如：Students study. (學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)。)We are friends. (我們是朋友)這兩句話中單詞study和are都是動(dòng)詞，study叫做實(shí)意動(dòng)詞，are叫做be動(dòng)詞，它們?cè)诰渲凶髦^語。3）賓語：表示行為的對(duì)象，常由名詞或者代詞擔(dān)任。放在及物動(dòng)詞或者介詞之后。如：They are teachers. ( 他們是老師。)I play with him. (我和他一起玩。)這兩句話中單詞teachers是名詞，單詞him

4、是帶詞，它們?cè)诰渲凶髻e語。4）定語：是用來說明或者限制名詞的成分，常用形容詞或者相當(dāng)于形容詞的短語或從句擔(dān)任。形容詞放在名詞之前，相當(dāng)于形容詞的短語或從句放在名詞的后面。如：This is a red sun.(這是個(gè)紅太陽.)He is a tall boy.（他是個(gè)高個(gè)子男孩。）這兩句話中單詞red和 tall都是形容詞，它們作定語。5）狀語：是用來說明動(dòng)詞，形容詞，副詞或整個(gè)句子的成分。常由副詞擔(dān)任。修飾動(dòng)詞時(shí)可以放在動(dòng)詞之前，也可以放在動(dòng)詞之后；修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí)放在它們之前。如：The students study hard. (這些學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)努力。)I often write to

5、him. (我常給他寫信。)The bag is too heavy. (這個(gè)書包太重了。)這三句話中單詞hard 和often修飾的都是動(dòng)詞，第三句話中單詞too修飾的是形容詞，它們都作狀語。6）表語：用來說明主語的性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)，跟在系動(dòng)詞后。一般由名詞或者形容詞擔(dān)任。如：This table is long. (這個(gè)桌子是長的。)通常情況下,主語和賓語前的成分是定語，謂語前的成分是狀語，時(shí)間詞作狀語放在句子后面。句子的成分分布如下： （定語） 主語 （狀語） 謂語 （定語） 賓語 （狀語）如：(The tall) boy (often) go (to the big) zoo.(The ha

6、ppy) child - went (his) home yesterday.二、句子的種類和類型句子按其用途可分為四個(gè)種類: 1、陳述句 2、疑問句 3、祈使句 4、感嘆句句子按其結(jié)構(gòu)可分為四種型式:1、簡單句(simple sentences),由一個(gè)主語部分和一個(gè)謂語部分組成。2、并列句(compound sentences)，由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的分句組成。3、復(fù)合句(complex sentences)，由主句和其他從句組成。4、并列復(fù)合句(compound complex sentences)， 即含有復(fù)合句的并列句。 三、基本句式句子用詞準(zhǔn)確、合乎語法規(guī)范是一篇文章最起碼的要求。英語

7、句子雖然千變?nèi)f化，但就一個(gè)簡單句來說，其基本結(jié)構(gòu)不外乎以下五種：1、 主語 + 謂語該句型中的謂語為不及物動(dòng)詞，其后不帶賓語，但可以根據(jù)實(shí)際需要帶上一個(gè)合適的狀語，狀語的位置可放在句首、句中或句尾，一般以句尾為多見。謂語動(dòng)詞的前面根據(jù)需要還可加上適當(dāng)?shù)那閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞。如果多個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞并列，可用and, but等并列連詞將它們連接起來。此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn)，即句子的謂語動(dòng)詞都能表達(dá)完整的意思。這類動(dòng)詞叫做不及物動(dòng)詞，后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句等。謂語動(dòng)詞在人稱和數(shù)上須與主語保持一致。 （不及物動(dòng)詞） 1. The sun was shining. 太陽在照耀著。2. The mo

8、on rose. 月亮升起了。3. The universe remains. 宇宙長存。4. We all breathe, eat, and drink. 我們大家都呼吸、吃和喝。5. Who cares? 管它呢？ 6. What he said does not matter. 他所講的沒有什么關(guān)系。 7. They talked for half an hour. 他們談了半個(gè)小時(shí)。 8. The pen writes smoothly 這支筆書寫流利。2、 （主系表）此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同的特點(diǎn)：句子謂語動(dòng)詞都不能表達(dá)一個(gè)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)表明主語身份或狀態(tài)的表語構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語

9、，才能表達(dá)完整的意思。這類動(dòng)詞叫做連系動(dòng)詞。be, look（看起來），sound（聽起來），smell（聞起來），taste（嘗起來），feel（摸起來，感到），seem（似乎，好像），appear（顯得，好像），remain（仍是），keep（保持），become（變得，成為），turn（變得，成為），get（變得），go（變得）等表示狀態(tài)和變化的詞，而充當(dāng)表語的詞語則有名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語和非謂語動(dòng)詞等。be 本身沒有什么意義,只起連系主語和表語的作用。其它系動(dòng)詞仍保持其部分詞義。 （是系動(dòng)詞） 1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary.

10、這是本英漢辭典。2. The dinner smells good. 午餐的氣味很好。3. He fell in love. 他墮入了情網(wǎng)。 4. Everything looks different. 一切看來都不同了。5. He is growing tall and strong. 他長得又高又壯6. The troubleis that they are short of money. 麻煩的是他們?nèi)鄙馘X。7. Our well has gone dry. 我們井干枯了。 8. His face turned red. 他的臉紅了。There be 結(jié)構(gòu)： There be 表示存在有

11、。這里的there沒有實(shí)際意義，不可與副詞there那里混淆。此結(jié)構(gòu)后跟名詞，表示（存在）有某事物 試比較：There is a boy there.（那兒有一個(gè)男孩。）/前一個(gè)there無實(shí)意，后一個(gè)there為副詞那里。 3、 （主謂賓）此句型句子的共同特點(diǎn)是：謂語動(dòng)詞都具有實(shí)義，都是主語產(chǎn)生的動(dòng)作，但不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須跟有一個(gè)賓語，即動(dòng)作的承受者，才能使意思完整。這類動(dòng)詞叫做及物動(dòng)詞。賓語位于及物動(dòng)詞之后，一般同主語構(gòu)成一樣，不同的是構(gòu)成賓語的代詞必須是代詞賓格，如：me，him，them等。若動(dòng)詞不及物則須在動(dòng)詞后再加上合適的介詞，如What are you looking fo

12、r?在這類結(jié)構(gòu)中，賓語是動(dòng)作的承受者。常見的充當(dāng)賓語的詞語和結(jié)構(gòu)有；名詞、代詞、非謂語動(dòng)詞和從句等。 （及物動(dòng)詞） 1. Who knows the answer? 誰知道答案？ 2. She smiled her thanks. 她微笑表示感謝。3. He has refused to help them. 他拒絕幫他們。4. He enjoys reading. 他喜歡看書。5. They ate what was left over. 他們吃了剩飯。6. He said Good morning. 他說：早上好！7. I want to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。

13、 8. He admits that he was mistaken. 他承認(rèn)犯了錯(cuò)誤。4、 （主謂間賓賓語直賓賓語）有些及物動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語，如：give給，pass遞，bring帶，show顯示。這兩個(gè)賓語通常一個(gè)指人，為間接賓語；一個(gè)指物，為直接賓語。間接賓語一般位于直接賓語之前。 一般的順序?yàn)椋簞?dòng)詞 + 間接賓語 + 直接賓語。如：Give me a cup of tea,please.強(qiáng)調(diào)間接賓語順序?yàn)椋簞?dòng)詞 + 直接賓語 +介詞+ 間接賓語。如：Show this house to Mr.Smith.若直接賓語為人稱代詞：動(dòng)詞+ 代詞直接賓語 +介詞+ 間接賓語。如：Bring

14、it to me, please. （及物） （多指人） （多指物） 1. She ordered herself a new dress. 她給自己定了一套新衣裳。2. She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 她給丈夫煮了一頓美餐。3. He brought you a dictionary. 他給你帶來了一本字典。4. He denies her nothing. 他對(duì)她什么都不拒絕。5. I showed him my pictures. 我給他看我的照片6. I gave my car a wash. 我洗了我的汽車。7. I told him

15、 that the bus was late. 我告訴他汽車晚點(diǎn)了。8. He showed me how to run the machine. 他教我開機(jī)器。5、 （主謂賓賓補(bǔ)）此句型的句子的共同特點(diǎn)是：動(dòng)詞雖然是及物動(dòng)詞，但是只跟一個(gè)賓語還不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分來補(bǔ)足賓語，才能使意思完整。賓語補(bǔ)足語：位于賓語之后對(duì)賓語作出說明的成分。賓語與其補(bǔ)足語有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，它們一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語。名詞/代詞賓格 + 名詞The war made him a soldier./戰(zhàn)爭使他成為一名戰(zhàn)士.名詞/代詞賓格 + 形容詞New methods make the job eas

16、y./新方法使這項(xiàng)工作變得輕松. 名詞/代詞賓格 + 介詞短語I often find him at work./我經(jīng)常發(fā)現(xiàn)他在工作. 名詞/代詞賓格 + 動(dòng)詞不定式The teacher ask the students to close the windows./老師讓學(xué)生們關(guān)上窗戶. 名詞/代詞賓格 + 分詞I saw a cat running across the road./我看見一只貓跑過了馬路. （及物） （賓語） （賓補(bǔ)） 1. They appointed him manager. 他們?nèi)蚊?dāng)經(jīng)理。2. They painted the door green. 他們把門漆

17、成綠色3. This set them thinking. 這使得他們要細(xì)想一想。4. They found the house deserted. 他們發(fā)現(xiàn)那房子無人居住。5. What makes him think so? 他怎么會(huì)這樣想？6. We saw him out. 我們送他出去7. He asked me to come back soon. 他要我早點(diǎn)回來。8. I saw them getting on the bus. 我看見他們上了那輛公共汽車。句子練習(xí)句子成分練習(xí)題(一)(一). 指出下列句中主語的中心詞。 The teacher with two of his s

18、tudents is walking into the classroom. There is an old man coming here. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult.(二) 選出句中謂語的中心詞。 I dont like the picture on the wall.A. dont B. like C. picture D. wall The days get longer

19、 and longer when summer comes.A. get B. longer C. days D. summer Do you usually go to school by bus?A. Do B. usually C.go D. bus There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?A.Did B. twins C. h

20、ave D. breakfast Tom didnt do his homework yesterday.A. Tom B. didnt C. do D. his homework What I want to tell you is this.A. want B. to tell C. you D. is We had better send for a doctor.A. We B. had C. send D. doctor He is interested in music.A. is B. interested C. in D. music Whom did you give my

21、book to?A. give B.did C. whom D. book(三) 挑出下列句中的賓語。 My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak English. You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. How many new words did you learn last class? Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? The

22、old man sitting at the gate said he was ill. They made him monitor of the class. Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left. You will find it useful after you leave school. They didnt know who Father Christmas really is. (四) 挑出下列句中的表語。 The old man was feeling very tired. Why is he

23、 worried about Jim? The leaves have turned yellow. Soon They all became interested in the subject. She was the first to learn about it. (五) 挑出下列句中的定語。 They use Mr, Mrs with the family name. What is your given name? On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the

24、 floor. The man downstairs was trying to sleep. I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe! (六) 挑出下列句中的賓語補(bǔ)足語。 She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. He asked her to take the boy out of school. She found it difficult to do the work. They call me Lily sometimes. I s

25、aw Mr Wang get on the bus. Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now? (七) 挑出下列句中的狀語。 There was a big smile on her face. Every night he heard the noise upstairs. He began to learn English when he was eleven. The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast. With the medicine box

26、 under her arm, Miss Li hurried off. She loves the library because she loves books. I am afraid that if youve lost it, you must pay for it. The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine. (八) 劃出句中的直接賓語和間接賓語。 Please tell us a story. My father bought a new bike for me last week. Mr Li is go

27、ing to teach us history next term. Here is a pen.Give it to Tom. Did he leave any message for me?句子成分練習(xí)題( 二 )一指出下列句子中劃線部分的句子成分：1. Whether well go depend on the weather .2. Peoples standards of living are going up steadily .3. That was how they were defeated.4. The nursery takes good care of our chil

28、dren .5. Ill return the book to you tomorrow .6. We are sure that we shall succeed .7. The woman with a baby in her arms is his other .8. There are many film that Id like to see.9. Have you met the person about whom he was speaking ?10. I have a lot of work to do .11. Anyway I wont stop you from doi

29、ng it .12. I said it in fun .13. We can send a car over to fetch you .14. She had to work standing up .15. Seeing this ,some comrades became very worried .16. Much interested , he agreed to give it a try .17. The bus arrived ten minutes late .18. We should serve the people heart and soul.19. Spring

30、coming on , the tree turned green .20. Some farmers saw something strange in the sky .21. We think it necessary that everyone should attend the meeting .22. Its strange that she doesnt come today .23. It was in the library that I come today .24. He likes drawing at times when he isnt working .25. We

31、 left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door. 二劃出句子成分。1.They both speak English well enough. 2.He brought home some pineapples yesterday afternoon. 3.Please dont leave your keys at home again today. 4.The TV tower stands in the center of the city. 5.My mother gets up very early every mornin

32、g.6.She learns everything quickly. 7.They are playing basketball outside. 8.We can climb the mountain early tomorrow morning. 9.Those are students from our school. 10.It seems very cold today. 語法二：名詞課前15分： 1. There is a word of five letters from which you can take two away and leave one. Do you konw

33、 what it is?(幫我翻譯下這個(gè)句子再回答）2. Why is a room full of married people empty?(幫我翻譯下這個(gè)句子再回答）3. The day before the day before yesterday is three days after Saturday. What day is today ?一、名詞的分類名詞可分為普通名詞和專有名詞兩大類。1. 普通名詞：某類人或事物的名稱或者指某種抽象概念。在所有名詞中占大多數(shù)。如：a book a driver a house2. 專有名詞：指一個(gè)人或事物所特有的名稱，具體的地點(diǎn)、人物、機(jī)構(gòu)、

34、國家和地區(qū)等。如：China Newton London等。二、名詞的數(shù)名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)具體規(guī)則如下：1. 規(guī)則變化 一般名詞后加s； 如：boyboys, penpens等； 以s,x,sh,ch結(jié)尾的，在詞尾加es. 如：classclasses, 但stomach的復(fù)數(shù)為stomachs. 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的，把y變?yōu)閕，再加es. 如：babybabies. 以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞把f或fe改為v，再加es. 如：knifeknives, halfhalves, leafleaves, wolfwolves. 以o結(jié)尾的名詞，有生命的加es，如：tomatotomatoes; 無生命的加

35、s，如：photophotos 2. 不規(guī)則變化 manmen, womanwomen, footfeet, toothteeth, childchildren, mousemice; 單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同，如: sheepsheep, deerdeer, JapaneseJapanese, ChineseChinese等； 有些名詞形式上是單數(shù)，實(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)意義，通常被稱為復(fù)數(shù)名詞，如：people, police等； 有些名詞只有復(fù)數(shù)形式，如：clothes, trousers, glasses, chopsticks等。 數(shù)詞加名詞作定語時(shí)，常采用數(shù)詞+單數(shù)名詞形式，如：a two-week ho

36、liday, an 8-year old girl, 另一種常見的形式有：five minutes walk, two days leave等。 另外被man或woman修飾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，man和woman放在另一個(gè)名詞前面，則兩個(gè) 名詞都要變復(fù)數(shù)。如：a man doctortwo men doctors, a woman teachertwo women teachers 由-man和-woman構(gòu)成的合成詞，即man和woman放在另一名詞后，則只把man和woman變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)即可。如： EnglishwomanEnglishwomen, policemanpolicemen，注意：Ge

37、rman不是合成詞，故復(fù)數(shù)形式為Germans.3. 不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，要表示不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量，可以用以下兩種方法： 用much, a little, a lot of/ lots of, some, any 等修飾不可數(shù)名詞； 可用表示單位的詞修飾不可數(shù)名詞，如：a piece of paper, two pieces of paper, a bottle of orange, a glass of juice, three bags of rice.一、 名詞的格1. 表示有生命的東西（人或動(dòng)物）的名詞所有格一般在名詞后加s, 如：my fathers study.2. 加s的規(guī)則：

38、 以s或es結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞的所有格，只在名詞后加. 如：the teachers reading room; 不以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞所有格要加s. 如：the womens shoes; 如果一樣?xùn)|西為兩人所共有，則只在后一個(gè)名詞的后面加s； 如果不是共有的，則兩個(gè)名詞后面都要加s.3. 表示無生命的東西，一般用of+名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)。如：a map of China.特殊用法：1、幾種特殊的復(fù)數(shù)形式名詞 有些表示由兩部分構(gòu)成的東西和部分學(xué)科的名詞，總以復(fù)數(shù)的形式出現(xiàn)。如：glass (眼鏡)， shorts (短褲), physics (物理學(xué))， politics(政治學(xué))，pants (褲子)，

39、gloves (手套)， mathematics (數(shù)學(xué)), jeans (牛仔褲)， shoes (鞋子)等。 只用復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞短語如：do exercises 做運(yùn)動(dòng) take turns 輪流 take notes 做筆記 make repairs 修理 as follows 如下 change trains 換車 hurt ones feelings 傷害某人的感情 make friends with和交朋友shake hands with 同握手 有些復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞表示特別的意義。 如：papers 文件，manners 禮貌，goods 貨物，times 時(shí)代，condition

40、s 環(huán)境，情況等。 單、復(fù)數(shù)意義不同的名詞have a word with sb 同某人說句話 make cloth 織布 have words with sb 同某人吵架 make clothes 制衣2.、集體名詞的數(shù) 一般來說family, class, team等做主語時(shí)，作為整體概念時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；作為個(gè)體概念時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。3、雙重所有格 1. 雙重所有格的概念及用法 表示部分概念，of短語修飾的名詞前通常有表示數(shù)量的限定詞， 如：a, an, one, two, some, several, a few, many, any, no等。 雙重所有格與of所有格不同 （注意

41、進(jìn)行對(duì)比）針對(duì)練習(xí)一、寫出下列名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。611、orange 2、class 3、text 4、monkey 5、piano 6、child 7、shelf 8、bed 9、country 10、family 11、toy 12、foot 13、Japanese 14、radio 15、photo 16、army 17、tomato 18、fox 19、woman 20、knife 22、shee 18. man doctor 19. woman nurse 20. girl students 二、翻譯下列詞組。1. 一些桃子 _ 2. 五袋大米 _ 3. 八只腳 _ 4. 二十顆牙齒_

42、 5. 三瓶果汁 _ 6. 我的自行車_ 7. 教師節(jié) _ 8. 婦女節(jié) _ 9. 二張紙 _ 10四個(gè)男醫(yī)生 _ 11. 四十個(gè)女警察_ 12. 十二把小刀 _ 13. 九個(gè)德國人 _ 14. 許多孩子 _ 15. 七顆梨樹 _ 16. 一副世界地圖_ 17. Helen的朋友 _ 18. 雙胞胎的媽媽_ 三、按要求改寫下列句子，并翻譯成中文。1. There is an orange tree in the garden. (變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)句) 2. She is a good teacher. (改為復(fù)數(shù)句) 3. I have some interesting story books. (改

43、為單數(shù)句) 4. There are some women teachers over there. (改為單數(shù)句) 5. What is it? Its a book. (改為復(fù)數(shù)句) _四、單項(xiàng)選擇( )1. John bought for himself yesterday. A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoe C. two pair of shoes D. two pairs shoe( )2. What would you like to have for lunch, sir? Id like . A. chicken B. a ch

44、icken C. chickens D. the chicken( )3. There are five in our factory. A. woman driver B. women driver C. woman drivers D. women drivers( )4. The post office is a bit far from here. It is about . A. thirty minutess walk B. thirty minutes walk C. thirty minutess walk D. thirty minutes walk( )5. turn ye

45、llow in autumn. A. Leaf B. Leaves C. Leave D. Leafs( )6. Will you please show me the way to the shop? A. shoe B. shoes C. shoes D. shoes( )7. hard work it is! A. What a B. How C. What D. How a ( )8. His family a happy one. A. be B. are C. is D. was( )9. I met two in the street yesterday morning. A.

46、German B. Australian C. American D. Japanese( )10. She needs . A. a glass water B. two glasses of water C. two glasses of waters D. two waters ( )11. There_some_ in the river. A. is, fish B. are, fishs C. is, fishs D. are, fish ( )12. There are four_and two_in the group. A. Japanese, Germen B Japane

47、ses, Germen C. Japanese,German C.Japanese, Germans( ) 13. Thata_art book. A. an B.a C. the D. are( )14. The boys have got_already. A. two bread B. two breads C. two pieces of bread D. two piece of bread( )15. The old man wants_. A. six boxes of apples B. six boxes of apple C. six box of apples D. si

48、x boxs of apples五、用所給單詞的正確形式填空。1. How many (sheep) are there on the hill?2. There is some (food) in the basket.3. The baby has only two (tooth) now.4. There is a lot of (water) in the bottle.5. There are five (people) in his family.語法三：冠詞的用法課前15分： 猜猜詞義( ) 1. Whats the Chinese for “six of one and hal

49、f a dozen of the other?” A. 六分之一 B. 人云亦云 C.半斤八兩 D.見一面分一半 ( ) 2. We dont want it. Its “a white elephant.” What is it? A.一件無用而累贅的東西 B.一頭白象 C. 白給的東西 D. 白色陷阱 ( ) 3.Whats too much for two and just right for one? A. Time B. A secret C. friend D. A room ( ) 4. Whats the Chinese for “talk big”.A. 吹牛 B. 說謊話

50、C.罵人 D.很大 ( ) 5. I know that from A to Z. A.從A到I B.從頭到尾 C.字母表 D.距離很遠(yuǎn)( ) 6.Whats that? Thats a lily I like it very much. A. girls name B. flower C. picture D. cup 有趣的翻譯：A pleasant peasant keeps a pleasant pheasant and both the peasant and the pheasant are having a pleasant time together. _冠詞的定義 冠詞是置于

51、名詞之前，對(duì)名詞起限制作用的一種虛詞。冠詞可以說是名詞的一種標(biāo)志，它不能離開名詞而獨(dú)立存在。 冠詞的分類 冠詞分為不定冠詞a，an、定冠詞the和零冠詞三種，零冠詞指的是不用冠詞的情況。 不定冠詞表示泛指，定冠詞表示特指。 一不定冠詞的用法不定冠詞有a和an兩種形式。a用在以輔音開頭的詞前，an用在以元音 開頭的詞前。判斷一個(gè)詞是以元音開頭還是以輔音開頭，是根據(jù)讀音而不是根據(jù)字母。 1. 用于可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式前，表示一 There is a tiger in the zoo. 動(dòng)物園里有一只老虎。 2. 表示某一個(gè)的意思 A gentleman wants to see you. 有一位先生

52、要見你。 3. 表示同一的意思 They are nearly of an age. 他們幾乎同歲。 The two shirts are much of a size. 這兩件襯衫大小差不多。 4. 表示每一的意思 We go swimming four times a week. 我們每周去游泳四次。 5. 用在作表語的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前，表示身份、職業(yè) My mother is a teacher. 我媽媽是教師。 6. 第一次提到的人或事物，但不特別指明是哪一個(gè) Long long ago there was an old king who had a very beautiful daughter. 很久很久以前，有一個(gè)年老的國王，他有一個(gè)非常美麗的女兒。 7. 在英國英語中，以h開頭的多音節(jié)詞，如第一個(gè)音節(jié)不重讀，其前亦可用an There is an hotel near here. 這附近有一家旅館。 8與某些不可數(shù)名詞連用，表示“一次，一會(huì)兒，一下，一類”Did you have a good time there？9.與序數(shù)詞連用表示“再一次”Are you going to try a third time?你打算再試一次嗎？10.與形容詞最高級(jí)連用表示“一個(gè)極其的”She is a most beau