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1、A組20162014年各省市高考題（改編）Passage 1(2016全國(guó))根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Secret codes (密碼)keep messages private.Banks, companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer.People have used secret codes for thousands of years._1_

2、 Code breaking never lags(落后) far behind code making.The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.There are three main types of cryptography._2_ For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message “Meet me.”_3_You might represe

3、nt each letter with a number, for example. Lets number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26.If we substitute a number for each letter, the message “Meet me” would read “135520135.”A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences.To read the message of a real code, you must

4、have a code book._4_ For example, “bridge” might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me.” The message “bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me.” _5_However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long.So codes must be changed frequently.AIt is very hard to break a code without the c

5、ode book.BIn any language, some letters are used more than others.COnly people who know the keyword can read the message.DAs long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them.EYou can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.FWith a code book, you might write

6、 down words that would stand for other words.GAnother way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.Passage 2(2016全國(guó))根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。A garden thats just right for youHave you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you, where

7、the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum(總和) of its parts？_1_But it doesnt happen by accident.It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process._2_Some people may think that a gard

8、en is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color.Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers(肥料)_3_However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden.One of them comes from our earliest years.Rec

9、all(回憶)your childhood memoriesOur model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood.Grandmas rose garden and Dads vegetable garden might be good or bad, but thats not whats important._4_how being in those gardens made us feel.If youd like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start

10、by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth._5_Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grownup garden.Have fun.AKnow why you gardenBFind a good place for your own gardenCIts our experience of the garden that mattersDIts delightful to see so many

11、 beautiful flowersEStill others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plantsFYou can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, tooGFor each of those gardens, write down the strongest memory you havePassage 3(2016全國(guó))根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Everyone knows that fi

12、sh is good for health._1_But it seems that many people dont cook fish at home.Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year, but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home.Buying, storing, and cooking fish isnt difficult._2_This text is about how to buy and cook fish i

13、n an easy way._3_Fresh fish should smell sweet: you should feel that youre standing at the oceans edge.Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isnt fresh._4_When you have bought a fish and arrive home, youd better store the fish in the refrigerator if you dont cook it immediately, but fresh fish sh

14、ould be stored in your fridge for only a day or two.Frozen fish isnt as tasty as the fresh one.There are many common methods used to cook fish._5_First，clean it and season it with your choice of spices(調(diào)料)Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10 minutes if it weighs abou

15、t one pound.(A larger one will take more time.)Then，its ready to serve.ADo not buy it.BThe easiest is to steam it.CThis is how you can do it.DIt just requires a little knowledge.EThe fish will go bad within hours.FWhen buying fish，you should first smell it.GThe fats in fish are thought to help preve

16、nt heart disease.Passage 4(2016北京)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。The Science of RiskSeekingSometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward，the risk seems worth taking._1_ Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and sc

17、are the rest of us.Why? Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work.The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans.Risktakers were better at hunting，fighting，or exploring._2_ As the quality of risktaking was passed from one generation to the next，humans

18、ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.So why arent we all jumping out of airplanes then? Well，even 200，000 years ago，too much risktaking could get one killed.A few daring survived，though，along with a few stayinthecave types.As a result，humans developed a range of character type

19、s that still exists today.So maybe you love car racing，or maybe you hate it._3_No matter where you are on the riskseeking range，scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years._4_ To help you do that，your brain increases your hunger for new experiences.New expe

20、riences often mean taking some risks，so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well._5_ For the riskseekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active，while for the rest of us，a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.As experts continue to study the science of riskseeking

21、，well continue to hit the mountains，the waves or the shallow end of the pool.AIt all depends on your character.BThose are the risks you should jump to take.CBeing better at those things meant a greater chance of survival.DThus，these wellequipped people survived because they were the fittest.EThis is

22、 when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world.FHowever，we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards.GNew brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation.Passage 5(2016四川)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為

23、多余選項(xiàng)。Both men and women are living longer these days in industrialized countries._1_In general, they can expect to live six or seven years more than men.One reason for this is biological.One important biological factor that helps women live longer is the difference in hormones between men and women.

24、_2_Between the ages of about 12 and 50, women produce hormones that are involved in fertility(生育能力)These hormones also have a positive effect on the heart and the blood flow.In fact, women are less likely to have high blood pressure or to die from heart attacks._3_They help the body defend itself ag

25、ainst some kinds of infections.This means that women generally get sick less often and less seriously than men.The common cold is a good example: women, on average, get fewer colds than men._4_Scientists are still not exactly sure how genes influence aging, but they believe that they do.Some think t

26、hat a womans body cells have a tendency (傾向) to age more slowly than a mans.Others think that a mans body cells have a tendency to age more quickly._5_AHowever, women, on average, live longer.BThe biological factor plays an important part.CWomen are also helped by their female genes.DThe female horm

27、ones also protect the body in another way.ERecent research seems to support both of these possibilities.FTherefore, women are more healthy than men and can live a better life.GHormones are chemicals which are produced by the body to control various body functions.Passage 6(2016浙江)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出

28、能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。AGet involved in student activitiesBYour voice is actually super importantCThere is a significant increase of opportunitiesDStay in active communication with your friendsEGet smart about the people who you spend your time withFYour major does not matter as much in your first

29、year of collegeFive Things Nobody Told Me about CollegeAs I type this，I am in my university dorm room.A year ago，when I was awaiting to hear the results of my college applications，I often went to websites for some type of insider look on what college would be like.However，theres only so much that pr

30、ep books，websites，and older friends can teach.Here are the top 5 things nobody told me about college：1_Nobody entering a university knows exactly what they want to study.If they tell you otherwise，theyre lying and will probably change what they want to pursue within the first quarter of attendance.D

31、uring my first quarter at University of California，Riverside (UCR)，I thought that I wanted to study Political Science with its focus on International Affairs，so thats what I applied for.However，once I worked with statewide and local government，I realized that a better fit for me would be Public Poli

32、cy，and now I am in the process of changing my area.2_In college，there are so many good chances for you to meet your expectations.However，there is a very important difference between wanting to do something and applying for something.In order for you to take full advantage of the conferences，research

33、es，internships(實(shí)習(xí))，and fellowships that your university offers，apply! Step into your academic advisors office，introduce yourself，and begin making the valuable connections that are necessary to help during the rest of your college career.Great things happen when you step out of your comfort zone，and

34、you would be surprised on how many chances exist if you just ask.3_College is where you meet your bridesmaids，groomsmen，neighbors，and potential bosses.The relationships you develop now will probably be linked to the ones you value later，so be wise about the people who you invest yourself in.You are

35、only one person，and you do not have time to waste on people who would rather cause drama or mess up with your purpose.Surround yourself with uplifting individuals who challenge you to be better while loving you for who you are，and be patient to the people who are the complete opposite of that descri

36、ption.4_As a firstyear，I was afraid to make any noise towards campus issues that I noticed.It was not until I became involved in student government that I gained the confidence to handle projects that I created with the help of ASUCR Office of the President.During my first quarter，I spoke directly t

37、o the Chancellor(校長(zhǎng))，asking him for support towards my initiatives(提議)，met with the Vice Chancellors，and cooperated with my teaching assistants to begin my undergraduate research project.Nothing good will happen when you are silent.5_At my high school，there were about only four active clubs and orga

38、nizations that students could be a part of.Imagine my surprise when I stepped foot onto UCRs campus，where over 400 organizations exist，ranging from political organizations to karate club.You are not paying all of your tuition(學(xué)費(fèi))to merely go to class，study，pass tests and graduate.Make something wort

39、hy out of your experience.Create stories that you will want to tell your grandchildren one day.It all begins here，by signing up to join an organization.Passage 7 (2015新課標(biāo)全國(guó))根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Building Trust in a Relationship AgainTrust is a learned behavior that we gain from pa

40、st experiences._1_ Trust is a risk.But you cant be successful when theres a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.Unfortunately，weve all been victims of betrayal.Whether weve been stolen from，lied to，misled，or cheat

41、ed on，there are different levels of losing trust.Sometimes people simply cant trust anymore._2_ Its understandable，but if youre willing to build trust in a relationship again，we have some steps you can take to get you there._3_ Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because

42、you can see what the best outcome would be for your wellbeing. _4_ If youve been betrayed，you are the victim of your circumstance.But theres a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”At some point in all of our lives，well have our trust tested or violated.You didnt lose

43、 “everything”O(jiān)nce trust is lost，what is left？Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle，look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life._5_ Instead，its a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.

44、ALearn to really trust yourself.BIt is putting confidence in someone.CStop regarding yourself as the victim.DRemember that you can expect the best in return.ETheyve been too badly hurt and they cant bear to let it happen again.FThis knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relati

45、onships.GSeeing the positive side of things doesnt mean youre ignoring what happened.Passage 8 (2015新課標(biāo)全國(guó))根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady，gradual increases in the length of the runs._1_，buy the bestfitting，bestbuilt running sho

46、es you can find.No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet，so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop.When you have found shoes that seem right，walk in them for a few days to doublecheck the fit._2_.As always，you should stretch(伸展

47、) at least ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries.During the first week，do not think about distance，but run five minutes longer each day._3_，it is wise to take a day off to rest.But during the next week，set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run._4_.After two weeks，start timing yourse

48、lf._5_.Depending on the kind of race you plan to enter，you can set up a timetable for the remaining weeks before the race.AAfter six daysBFor a good marathon runnerCBefore you begin your trainingDWith each day，increase the distance by a half mileEIf they still feel good，you can begin running in them

49、FTime spent for preparation raises the quality of trainingGNow you are ready to figure out a goal of improving distance and timePassage 9 (2015北京)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。This Way to DreamlandDaydreaming means people think about something pleasant, especially when this makes them f

50、orget what they should be doing. Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of whats happening around them. They can seem forgetful and clumsy. _1_ They annoy us because they seem to be ignoring us and missing the important things.But daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greates

51、t ideas and achievements in human history. _2_ Can you imagine what kind of world we would have without such ideas and inventions?So how can we come up with brilliant daydreams and avoid falling over tree roots or otherwise looking like a fool?First, understand that some opportunities(機(jī)會(huì)) for daydre

52、aming are better than others. Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams. _3_ And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while youre daydreaming, try to do it while you are involved in another task，preferably something simple, like taking a shower or walking

53、, or even making meaningless drawings.Its also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concentrate. “Mindfulness”， being focused, is a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep. _4_ Finally, you never know what wonderful idea might strike while your m

54、ind has moved slowly away. _5_Always remember that your best ideas might come when your head is actually in the clouds.AHaving interesting things to think about also helps.BThey stare off into space and wander by themselves.CWithout wandering minds, we wouldnt have relativity, Coke or Postit notes.D

55、At one time, daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses.EIt involves slow, steady breathing for selfcontrol that helps people stay calm and attentive.FDaydreams are often very simple and direct, quite unlike sleep dreams, which may be hard to understand.GTherefore, its a good ide

56、a to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when youre in the daydream zone.Passage 10 (2015四川)根據(jù)對(duì)話內(nèi)容，從對(duì)話后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)多余選項(xiàng)。A：I need to lose some weight.My clothes dont fit anymore._1_B：Well, instead of watching TV all day, you could do more exercise.A：_2_B: Like cycling, or you could w

57、ork out at the gym.A: I dont have time._3_B：OK, then you could change your diet._4_A：You mean no more hamburgers! Oh no!B: OK._5_A.Like what？,B.Im too busy.,C.What should I do？,D.Some more hamburgers？,E.Buy some larger clothes then.,F.Thats a good idea.Thanks a lot.,G.Eat something healthier， like f

58、ruit.Passage 11 (2014北京)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Evaluating Sources (來(lái)源) of Health InformationMaking good choices about your own health requires reasonable evaluation.A key first step in bettering your evaluation ability is to look carefully at your sources of health information.Re

59、asonable evaluation includes knowing where and how to find relevant information，how to separate fact from opinion，how to recognize poor reasoning，and how to analyze information and the reliability of sources._1_Go to the original source.Media reports often simplify the results of medical research.Fi

60、nd out for yourself what a study really reported，and determine whether it was based on good science.Think about the type of study._2_Watch for misleading language.Some studies will find that a behavior“contributes to”or is“associated with”an outcome；this does not mean that a certain course must lead

61、 to a certain result._3_ Carefully read or listen to information in order to fully understand it.Use your common sense.If a report seems too good to be true，probably it is.Be especially careful of information contained in advertisements._4_ Evaluate“scientific”statements carefully，and be aware of qu

62、ackery(江湖騙術(shù))_5_ Friends and family members can be a great source of ideas and inspiration，but each of us needs to find a healthy lifestyle that works for us.Developing the ability to evaluate reasonably and independently about health problems will serve you well throughout your life.AMake choices th

63、at are right for you.BThe goal of an ad is to sell you something.CBe sure to work through the critical questions.DAnd examine the findings of the original research.EDistinguish between research reports and public health advice.FBe aware that information may also be incorrectly explained by an author

64、s point of view.GThe following suggestions can help you sort through the health information you receive from common sources.Passage 12 (2014新課標(biāo)全國(guó)) 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。The jobs of the future have not yet been invented._1_ By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds.1Curiosity Your children need to be deeply curious._2_ Ask kids，“What ingredients (配料) can w