虛擬語氣,Subjunctive mood,Definition,虛擬語氣表示_，而不表示_。它是通過_來表示的。,Conclusion,虛擬語氣表示說話人的一種愿望、假設(shè)、猜測、建議等，而不表示客觀存在的事實。它是通過謂語動詞的特殊形式來表示的。,Check,1 The judge ordered that the thief _ punished. A. would be B. should be C. was to be D. must be 2 I wish I _ you yesterday. A. seen B. did seen C. had seen D. were to see,3 I would rather that you _ right away. A. leave B. left C. will leave D. should live 4 The two strangers talked as if they _ friends for years. A. should be B. would be C. have been D. had been 5 If he _ in a day or two, I would wait for him. A. returns B. should have returned C. were to return D. had returned,虛擬語氣中動詞形式的分類,Should + 動詞原形 時態(tài)在原有時態(tài)上推前,Group work,4 students in each group. Discuss the situations where “should +do” is used.,Discussion,Exercise,1 The workers requested that their working conditions _ (improve). 2 It was suggested that Jane _ a medical examination. (have) 3 The teacher agreed to the suggestion that the students _ two weeks to prepare for the exam.(give) 4 My advice is that he _ up smoking.(give),be improved,(should) have,be given,(should) give,賓語從句,主語從句,同位語從句,表語從句,Summury 1 (should)+do,1 表示“命令，建議，要求” 的詞所帶的從句中，都要用 should+do，should可以省略。 常用的詞有：arrange, order, command, ask, suggest, advise, propose, demand, require, request, insist,desire 等動詞以及其對應(yīng)名詞，還有idea,plan等,suggest 只有作“建議”時，從句中用虛擬，若表示“表明、暗示”時，不用虛擬。,1Janes pale face suggested that she _ ill, and her parents suggested that she _ a medical examination. A. be, should have B. was, have C. should be, had D. was, has 2 The bus driver insisted that he _ at normal speed and therefore _ for the childs death. A. drove, neednt answer B. drive, shouldnt answer C. should drive, shouldnt have answered D. drove, shouldnt answer （answer for 負(fù)責(zé)，保證）,insist 只有作“堅決要求”時，才用虛擬， 若表示“堅持說，堅持認(rèn)為”時，不用虛擬。,It is necessary that people both young and old in China _ some English to be prepared for the World Fair to be held in Shanghai in 2010. A learn B will learn C must learn D Have learned,2.句型“ It + be + important / desirable (理想的) / necessary/ natural+that從句 ”中，用should +動詞原形，should可省略 It is necessary that you (should) be present at the discussion.,It is strange that such things _ to myself. A would happen B happened C will happen D should happen,3. 句型“It is a pity / a shame/ strange/ surprising + +that從句”中，用 should +動詞原形， should 表“竟然”，不可省 It is strange that there should be so many poor people in such a rich country as America.,Group work,討論“時態(tài)在原有時態(tài)上推前”的幾種句型和動詞的時態(tài)變化的具體形式,條件從句,If 從句的謂語形式,主句的謂語形式,現(xiàn)在,過去,未來,過去時（did/were）,過去完成時had done,would/could/should/might +V.（原）,would/could/should/might+have+p.p.,1.過去時 2.should+V. 3. were to do,would/could/should/ might +V.（原）,Summury 2 動詞形式時態(tài)推前,1 if引導(dǎo)的非真實條件句,If I had a lot of money,I would buy a villa.,villa,If he_more carefully, he_ the car accident yesterday.,had driven,would not have had,What _(happen) if you _ (get up) too late tomorrow?,would happen,got up,Translation,1 如果我是你，我就告訴他真相。 If I were you, I would tell him the truth. 2如果你再早一點(diǎn)來的話，你就可以見到她了。 If you had come here earlier, you could have met her. 3如果我們爬到山頂，我們就會看到更好的風(fēng)景。 If we climbed/ should climb/ were to climb to the top of the mountain, we could get a good view.,Exercise,_ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will,在非真實條件句中,如果有were, had, should, 我們可以將if省略,把這些詞置于句首,采用倒裝形式。,If you _ that film late last night, you wouldnt be so sleepy. A didnt see B havent seen C wouldnt have seen D hadnt seen,當(dāng)從句與主句的動作發(fā)生的時間不一致時, 動詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時間作出 相應(yīng)的變化.,If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.,If the weather had been finer, the crops would be growing even better . If you had warned me yesterday , I might not be late today.,Without electricity, human life _ quite different today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _ a goal. A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored,2某些介詞without / but for等或連詞 otherwise等表示含蓄條件，需用虛擬語氣。 Without air, we would not live even for five minutes. =If there were no air, we would not live even for five minutes. But for the storm, we should have arrived earlier. =If it had not been for the storm, we should have arrived earlier. Jack cant have arrived yet; otherwise he would have telephoned me. =Jack cant have arrived yet; if he had arrived, he would have telephoned me.,3 If it were not for ,If it were not for the rain, the crops _. (die) If it were not for 表示同現(xiàn)在事實相反 _ for the doctors careful treatment, he couldnt have lived till last year. 同過去事實相反，要用“If it had not been for”,意為“如果當(dāng)時沒有”,would die,If it had not been,4 wish,In Subjunctive mood,Describe the pictures using “wish”.,Linhao wishes he _ as tall as Yaoming.,were,Xiaoxin wishes / wished he _ so much watermelon.,hadnt eaten,The farmer wishes it _ rain tomorrow.,would,+ did(與現(xiàn)在事實相反的),+ had done(與過去事實相反),+would /could/ might +do (將來不大可能實現(xiàn)的愿望 ),Conclusion,wish,1 How I wish every family _ a large house with a beautiful garden! A. has B. had C. will have D. had had,2 When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it . A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken,5 as if / as though,did 與現(xiàn)在事實相反的,had done 與過去事實相反或想象的事物,The Chinese boy speaks English well as if he were a native of America.,He speaks English so fluently as if he had studied English in England.,wouldcouldmightdo”。表示與將來事實相反 “,He opened his mouth as if he would say something 他張開嘴好像要說什么。 It looks as if it might snow 看來好像要下雪了。,If only he _ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now. A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie 6 if only 意為“若是.那該多好啊; 真希望.; 只要, 只要.就好”。 表示現(xiàn)在的情況,應(yīng)用過去式; 如果是過去的情況,應(yīng)用過去完成時態(tài) If only that photo werent missing! If only I had followed his advice!,-Jane wants to see you tomorrow.” -“I would rather she _ today than tomorrow.” A. comes B. should come C. come D. came,7 would rather,Would rather “寧愿”，后接賓語從句要用虛擬形式 對過去的虛擬，用過去完成時 Id rather she hadnt done that. 對現(xiàn)在和將來的虛擬，用一般過去時 Id rather you went tomorrow /now.,It is high time that we _ to school. A. would go B. went C. will go D. had gone 8 Its (high/right) time that that 從句要用虛擬語氣：過去時或should + do Its time that you left/should leave here.,1 Janny _have kept her word. I wonder why she changed her mind. A. must B. should C. need D. would 2 -I stayed at a hotel while in New York. -Oh, did you ? You _with Barbara. A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D must have stayed,情態(tài)動詞表示虛擬語氣,如： could /might / have done should (not) have done ought (not) to have done neednt have done,1. Look at the trouble I am in. If only I _ your advice. A. followed B. would follow C. had followed D. should follow,2. Though this is their first talk, they are talking as though they _ friends for years. A. will be B. were C. had been D. should have been,More practice:,3. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, so it seems as if the sun _ round the earth. A. were circling B. circles C. is circling D. be circling,4. You didnt let me drive. If we _ in turn, you _ so tired. A. drove, didnt get B. drove, wouldnt get C. were driving, wouldnt get D. had driven, wouldnt have got,5. Id rather you _ again next weekend. A. come B. should come C. would come D. came,6. I wish you _ to put these things away. A. Will help B. help C. are helping D. would help,7. All the teachers and students demand they _ time and freedom of their own. A. had B. must have C. have D. ought to have,8. It is necessary that a good worker _ his work on time. A. finished B. finish C. have to finish D. will finish,9. Have you ever been to Beijing? - No, but I wish I _. A. have B. will C. do D. had 10. What would have happened, _, as far as the riverbank? A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther C. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther,Homework,1 Write down on your notebooks the points discussed. 2 Finish the exercises on the paper.,