解題思路與技巧,完形填空,完型填空 考查綜合運用語言的能力： 詞語辨析能力 語法結構分析能力 語篇理解能力 邏輯推理能力 文化背景透析能力 作者意圖剖析能力 生活常識綜合運用能力,近幾年專升本考試的完形填空題在命題設計上出現(xiàn)了重大突破，一改過去對語法，句式關系及固定句型的考查，而側重于考查學生的邏輯思維能力和對具體語境的把握，尤其是對整體語義的理解能力。它要求考生不但要有比較扎實的語言知識，較大的詞匯量，而且要具有一定的語篇分析能力及邏輯思維能力。要做好這種題型，考生除了必備的語言基礎知識和基本技能之外，還應了解其命題特點，掌握一定的解題技巧。 做完形填空時要注意文章開頭提示句的點題作用和短文中完整句的啟示作用。首先要快速瀏覽全文，弄清各段落之間，各層次之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，把握文章的完整性。只有這樣才符合這種題型的解題思路。具體的講，還應注意以下幾個方面：,一、完形填空要考查的幾個方面: 1. 根據(jù)上下文語境來確定最佳選項近年來的完形填空試題在選項的設置上越來越淡化語法結構，重在文意的干擾，即把具體的語言知識溶進具體的語言情景中去，考查考生通過上下文的前后提示或暗示，對整體文意進行把握的能力。這種考查方式所占的比例較大，且難度也大，若單純從句子或個別段落來分析，或許所給的四個答案在語法和結構上都是正確的，若放在全局，則不一定正確。因此，快速瀏覽全文，領悟文章主旨，通過上下文的語境來選擇答案是解決這類題的關鍵。,例1： It was an early morning in summer. In the streets, sleepy-eyed people were moving quickly, heading towards their 1 . This was the beginning of another 2 day in New York City. 1. A. jobs B. homes C. buses D. offices 2. A. working B. hot C. same D. ordinary,分析：從信息詞“early morning”和“sleepy-eyed”來判斷，B. homes不符合邏輯，按生活經(jīng)驗，他們是去上班。這時有些考生也許會認為，既然上班，就要去“擠公交車”或“去辦公室”。但上班的方式也有步行的、騎車的或坐地鐵的，也有自己開車去的。人們上班有去農(nóng)場的、煤礦的，還有去工廠車間的，不一定去辦公室。因此，C. buses和D. offices不符合生活實際。1題只有A. jobs才是最合乎邏輯的選項，人們起床后，各自奔向自己的工作崗位。而這種情況是天天發(fā)生，是平平常常的，因此2題答案是D. ordinary。,A. jobs,D. ordinary,例2：Every morning she would give him breakfast 29 bed and bring him the papers to 30 . 29. A. to B. at C. in D. by 30. A. check B. read C. keep D. sign,分析：29題的答案是C，bed的前面應當用介詞in。至于30題，就要用到相應的文化背景知識：外國人有早上讀報的習慣，句中papers即報紙（newspapers）。這是理解文章細節(jié)的關鍵。有了這些文化背景知識，便可迅速推斷出最佳選項B. read。因為生活中過分溺愛孩子的母親，讓兒子“在床上”吃早飯，“讀”早報是很自然的事情，這也正與文章的主旨相吻合。,C. in,B. read,3. 根據(jù)詞語的習慣用法和固定搭配來選擇答案詞的固定搭配，特別是動詞的搭配在完形填空題中出現(xiàn)的比例也是比較大的，多數(shù)題目涉及到動詞的用法和各種搭配關系，這是由動詞在句子中的重要性決定的。動詞在搭配關系上與名詞、介詞、副詞的用法緊密相關。 解決這類題目要求考生多讀、多記，對所學習語或固定搭配牢固掌握，并能靈活運用。,例1：Mrs. Clark was 38 tea at the time. 38. A. cooking B. making C. burning D. serving,分析：從動詞與名詞的搭配關系角度考慮，“沏茶”用make tea, “上茶”用serve the tea,這是語言使用過程當中約定俗成的習慣用法，所以該題正確答案是B. making，考生也不應受漢語思維習慣的影響而誤選A。,B. making,例2: The other day I was sitting in a small restaurant 1 a quiet drink and a talk with a few friends when it suddenly 2 me that almost everyone in the restaurant was smoking. It wasnt long 3 the whole room was filled with smoke. 1. A. have B. had C. having D. have had 2. A. seemed B. struck C. sank D. showed 3. A. ago B. after C. before D. now2,分析：解題1選C，是因為它這里是表伴隨。解題2選B是因為struck的意思有”使想到”,其它幾個意思不符，搭配也不合理。解題3選C，it isnt long before是一個固定搭配的句型。,C. having,B. struck,C. before,4. 根據(jù)詞匯的意義及用法辨析詞義從而確定答案完形填空題的考查雖然越來越淡化語法，但對語言點的考查依然存在，不過主要體現(xiàn)在詞匯搭配和語義辨析兩個方面。要做好這種題目，必須盡量將詞語辨析與情節(jié)推理和邏輯推理結合起來，從詞匯意義入手，抓住情節(jié)線索解決問題。,例1：Dad taught me a lot about life, especially its hard times. I remembered one of his 1 , one night when I was ready to quit a political campaign I was losing, and wrote about it in my diary. Tired, feeling the months of 2 , I went up to my study to make some notes. 1. A. classes B. advice C. lessons D. talks 2. A. struggle B. working C. battle D. defence,分析：class（課，班級，階級）advice（忠告，建議，不可數(shù)名詞）lesson（課程，教訓）talk（談話，講演），根據(jù)短文中提供的信息，應該是作者準備退出一場失敗了的政治活動時，父親“教訓”了他一頓，所以1題的答案是C. lessons。2題的選項B. working（工作，勞動）, D. defence（防衛(wèi)，辯護）明顯不合乎邏輯，A. struggle意為“斗爭，戰(zhàn)爭”，C. battle是指大型戰(zhàn)役中的小規(guī)?！皯?zhàn)斗”。作者在這次政治活動中經(jīng)歷了數(shù)月的艱辛，為爭取某種權利而進行了艱苦的“斗爭”，根據(jù)文章的情節(jié)線索我們可以確定最佳選項是A。這兩個題的解決都借助了詞義的辨析，同時也離不開對短文情節(jié)發(fā)展的把握。,C. lessons,A. struggle,例2：She noticed how nervous he was and suggested he should stand near the stage where he could watch and follow the play. It was a good 1 of getting rid of his nervousness, she said. She was right, it seemed to 2 . A. idea B. way C. path D. plan A. do B. win C. work D. act,分析：句中“她”注意到“他”很緊張，建議“他”觀看表演以消除緊張。顯然，“她”所建議的是一種消除緊張的“方法”。1題的四個選項A. idea（想法，意見） B. way（路線，方法） C. path（小路，路線） D. plan（計劃，規(guī)劃） 中只有B選項有此含義，無疑是最佳答案。緊接下來的一句話是“她說得對，這個方法似乎有效。”2 題的四個選項A.do（做，盡力） B. win（獲勝，奪得）C. work（工作，起作用） D. act（行動，表演）中只有C選項有“奏效”這個含義，自然應該是最佳答案。這兩個題的解答也是在考慮上下文的前提下，從詞匯意義入手的。,B. way,C. work,二、做完形填空題應從以下方面入手 （一）、首先要以很快的速度瀏覽全文，掌握文章的主旨，不要急于看選項。瀏覽全文時要重點了解文中所敘述的人物、時間、地點、事件，即who，when, where，what。完形填空命題的原則一般是第一句話沒有空，目的是使讀者進入語境，因此一定要認真閱讀這句話。 （二）、根據(jù)故事情節(jié)的發(fā)展選詞，確定所填的詞與文中哪個詞有關系以及動作是在什么場合發(fā)生的。 （三）、試填之后將所選定的詞放到文章中復讀檢查。(“字面譯、通邏輯、搞代入、全文譯”),,做題三忌： 急于求成，未通讀全文便忙于答題，不了解文意，無整體概念邊讀邊填，兩眼忙于空白與選項之間，欲速則不達。 只摳字眼，語法，不顧文意，抓不住關鍵。 斷章取義，就題論題，不管前后聯(lián)系，互不照應，前后矛盾。,具體操作中應注意的問題 1. 看清上下文，找準定位詞充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到對選擇有提示作用的詞或句。這些詞有時可能是同義詞或反義詞。例如： 1)Some parts of the water are very shallow. But in some places it is very very. A. deep B. high C. cold D. dangerous 2)Mrs ONeill askedquestions and she didnt scold訓斥 us either. A. no B. certain C. many D. more,分析:1.根據(jù)轉折連詞but的提示，所填入的詞應與shallow相反，因此答案為A。,2. and是一個并列連詞；either為副詞，用在否定句或否定詞后加強語勢，由此可以確定所填的詞也應是一個否定意義的詞，因此答案是A。,A. deep,A. no,2. 通順邏輯，尋求搭配 注意固定的搭配，包括動詞與介詞的搭配、動詞與名詞的搭配以及形容詞與名詞的搭配等，同時要根據(jù)內(nèi)容選擇正確的短語。例如： Heres a fellow who just walked into a bank and helped himselfso much money. A. for B. by C. to D. of,分析: 表示“自取，隨便拿”這個意義的短語是help oneself to故答案為C。,C. to,3. 扎實基礎，搞清辨異 Soon I heard alike that of a door burst in and then a climb of feet. A. sound B. cry C. voice D. shout,分析: 選項中的四個詞都表示不同的聲音，但B，C，D項的三個詞都是指從嗓子里發(fā)出的聲音，而sound則表示各種各樣的聲音。因此答案是A。很快我聽到好象是門被撞進的聲音,接著是一陣上樓的腳步聲。,A. sound,4. 看清執(zhí)行者，確定所選詞 And video cameras can be used topeoples actions at home. A. keep B. make C. record D. watch,分析: 句中動作的發(fā)出者是video cameras因此答案是 C，意思是“記錄”。,C. record,5. 尋求上下邏輯，從容確定關系 It has been many years since I was last in LondonI still remember something that happened during that visit. A. and B. for C. but D. as,分析: 根據(jù)句前的many years和句后的still remember答案應選表示轉折的連詞but.,C. but,6. 了解生活常識，確定相關知識 (Immediately) the officers jumped into their cars and rushed to thehospital. A. animal B. biggest C. plant D. nearest,分析: 在這樣的緊急情況下，人們的第一個反應是到最近的醫(yī)院就醫(yī)，因此答案為D。,D. nearest,三、解此類題主要從以下四步做起： 第一步 重視首句，把握開篇。完形填空一般無標題，首句一般不留空白，是完整的一句，全文信息從此開始。細讀首句，可判斷文章體裁，預測全文大意和主旨。 第二步 速讀全文，掌握大意。速讀全文要一氣呵成，盡管有空格、生詞或不明白的地方，仍要快速讀下去。讀時要注意找出關鍵詞、中心詞，劃出某些代表人物和情節(jié)的詞，以便于形成思路。要注意不要在未掌握大意的基礎上，邊閱讀，邊做題，這樣速度慢、準確率低。,第三步 瞻前顧后，靈活答題。“瞻前顧后”，即先讀所填詞的句子，回顧上一句，兼顧下一句。如果一句中有兩個空白待填，在初定答案時要“雙管齊下”，在兩處同時試填，然后通讀全句，確定答案。答題方法：1）擇優(yōu)法：根據(jù)文章及結構邊讀邊填，如果能夠立刻判定最佳答案的，不必再去逐個考證其余答案。2）排除法：如答案一時難以確定，可按空格位置，從語法結構、詞語搭配、上下文語境、習慣用法、詞義辨析等方面，對選項逐項分析試填。排除干擾項，從而確定正確答案。,第四步 復核全文，調(diào)整答案。把填好的短文通讀一遍，進行核查同時注意以下三點： 1上下文的一致性：即時態(tài)語態(tài)的一致；代詞、名詞、單復數(shù)的一致。 2從語法和慣用法及習慣搭配、甚至語感入手，看是否符合上下文的邏輯。 3段與段、句與句之間的銜接是否連貫。 這次復核至關重要，常能糾正一兩處甚至多處錯誤。同時對極難確定的答案，也要憑語感蒙一個，決不可不選。,根據(jù)以上方法確定所選的詞。 Harry Field also studying biology said they wanted to make as much 1 as possible to force the 2 to realize what everybody was having to 3 . 1. A. effort B. time C. trouble D. noise 2. A. townpeople B. other students C. government officials D. truck drivers 3. A. stand B. accept C. know D. share,D. noise,C. government officials,A. stand,也攻讀生物學的哈利說 他們要制造盡可能大的噪音來 迫使政府官員們認識到 大家正不得不忍受的東西。,一、語法 This autumn was the wettest since records began in the U.K. Floods _ large parts of the country. A. covered B. covered by C. covered with D. rushed away,A. covered,二、語法 + 常識 More and more factories pump CO2 into the air , and atmosphere across the world _. A. burns B. hot C. warm D. heats up,D. heats up,三、四個答案對比 In Australia folds(羊欄) have covered an area the_ of the whole of the Britain . A. width B. large C. length D. size,D. size,四、翻譯: The village of Yaluma 1 in the mountains of Chipas, a province of Southern Mexico. 2 people are many Indians. 1. A. lies B. place C. lays D. soon 2. A. Their B. Its C. Its D. Its,A. lies,C. Its,Rock stars admirers (崇拜者)who love rock music 1 about a billion dollars a year for records. They pay 150 million to 2 rock stars in person. 1. A. take B. cost C. waste D. spend 2. A. meet B. interview C. call D. see,D. spend,D. see,五、連接詞 They are some of the poorest people in a poverty stricken country. _ now they have an extra source of income. A. But B. And C. However D. Therefore,A. But, Rock stars admirers who love rock music spend about a billion dollars a year for records. In 1956, Mclean , 1 wrote and sang “American Pie” , 2 he earns an additional two cents on every single 3 of the song. 1. A. who B. he C. that D. as 2. A. and B. but C. so D. yet 3. A. copy B. record C. singing D. performance,A. who,C. so,B. record, Many rock stars 1 like Grace Slick and Jefferson. Those performers return from a tour, pay their bills, and buy new toys. 2 when they need money again , they do another 3 . They save 4_ money and live from hand to mouth. 1. A. play B. live C. perform D. behave 2. A. But B. Then C. And D. So 3. trip B. tour C. travel D. journey 3. A. no B. much C. some D. plenty,B. live,B. Then,B. tour,A. no,English people seem very quiet _ reserved (緘默的), usually. A. though B. and C. even D. but It was just getting dark; there was a touch of fog and I was on a lonely stretch of road. _ I was going along cheerfully. A. But B. And C. Otherwise D. So,B. and,A. But,One evening Jackie was on his way home from the railway station. When he turned round a 1 he heard footsteps behind him and he thought 2 was coming near. He began to walk 3 . The footsteps became faster, too. He slowed down. The footsteps also 4 down. 1. A. corner B. park C. street D. way 2. A. no one B. someone C. anyone D. everyone 3. A. slowly B. more slowly C. fast D. faster 4. A. put B. slowed C. became D. turned,六、詞組與翻譯 In 1990 , leader of all big nations met in Japan and agreed to reduce 1 CO2 they put into the atmosphere. Ten years 2 , in Nov. 2000, they met again in Holland to assess ( 評估 ) the situation and decided what to do next. 1, A. many B. a number of C. the amount of D. a good many 2. A. after B. late C. later D. soon,. But I was going along cheerfully, thinking about the dinner I would eat when I 36 to Salisbury. 36. A. reached B. arrived C. got D. led,七、比較四個答案,翻譯文章 Projects 1 this go over under the name of “ Carbon Trading”. The basic 2 is that governments and companies can buy the 3 to pump CO2 into the air by investing in green 4 that take it out again. 1. A. as B. like C. the same as D. except 2. A. fact B. meanings C. idea D. things 3. A. forests B. projects C. right D. debt 4. A. projects B. plants C. materials D. trees,八、前提示 Young people are spending unbelievable sums of money to listen to rock music. At least fifty _ stars have incomes between two million and six million dollars per year. A. film B. rock C. jazz D. movie,Neil Young who performs 1 torn blue jeans, sometimes sings to an audience of 10,000,each of whom has paid five dollars for a ticket. 2 paying expenses, Young leaves with about $18,000 in his blue 3 at the end of an evening. 1. A. in B. with C. for D. on 2. A. Before B.Beside C. After D. Except 3. A. shirt B. trousers C. coat D. jeans,九、抓住主要信息詞(主體-核心) , 比較四個答案,最后排除不可能的選項。 “It doesnt make 1 ,” said one of he older music millionaires, who made a million dollars a year when he was popular , in the 1950s. “performers arent worth this kind of money. In fact, 2 is.” 1. A. efforts B. progress C. sense D. money 2. A. everybody B. nobody C. somebody D. anybody,十、形容詞的選擇（并列連詞的作用） If we make a noise on the bus they look _ and uncomfortable . A. untouched B. worried C, moved D. excited Hellen was an old teacher with a warm smile and _eyes. A. bursting B. freezing C. friendly D. lively,十一、后暗示 In this _1_, professors always take every opportunity to push textbooks aside and expose students to real _2_. 1. A. classroom B. means C. university D. hall 2. A. facts B. lessons C. adventures D. experiences,He was sure that he was being followed. He tried to hide, 1 the steps followed him. He didnt know 2 to save himself. 6. A. Still B. Sometimes C. Often D. Seldom 7. A. when B. where C. why D. how,完形填空中 語氣副詞的情景設置,.I raised the pistol and fired. The animal fell backwards with an angry cry. Father took the _ smoking pistol from my hand , and fired another shot, which killed the gorilla. A. still B. yet C. even D. already,He certainly looked the part all right, he thought as he admired himself in the mirror. He _ thought of going out into the street to see whether he could pass as a policeman out there A. just B. even C. still D. already,The shop had to agree. They knew that no fire on earth can _ damage a perfect diamond. A. almost B. even C. just D. ever .At times, he would turn, sit down , and _ go on his knees. A. almost B. even C. often D. rather,.After a hard day in the laboratory, she goes home. There she plays with her toys. She _ enjoys watching television before going to bed. A. quite B. already C. even D. still,Thirty years after being introduced to Macaulays words, they _ seem to me the best yardstick (碼尺), because they give us a way to measure ourselves rather than others . A. even B. still C. always D. almost,.First of all he was a window-cleaner and in his first week he managed to break at least six windows. He _ lost his job as a postman because he sent off all the letters when he should have taken them to peoples houses A. thus B. even C. once D. only,.Finally I turned the key in the lock and pushed the door open, with Dad _ complaining about a hurting knee or something. A. yet B. only C. even D. still,The native people said they knew of this animal and called it the “ Yeti” , and they said that they had _ caught Yeti on two occasions (場面 ) though none has ever been produced as evidence . A. even B. hardly C. certainly D. probably,Students generally appreciate ( 認可 ) these special 50 opportunities. They are almost always fun and interesting , and professors 51 them too because students learn so much in just a few short months. 50. A. working B, living C. teaching D. learning 51. A. hold B. like C. dislike D. discover,十二、邏輯推理,十三、關連詞的重要性 No one denies the 1 of classroom learning. But it can only take the students this 2 . Slides and textbooks may do a good job of carrying facts and details, but creativity of thought cannot be 3 . They can only be developed through 4 experience. 1. A. deed B. value C. effect D. success 2. A. far B. long C. way D. direction 3. A. got B, found C. taught D. practiced 4. A. self-educated B. self -service C. first-hand D. up -to -date,十四、抓住中心意思- 圍繞什么話題 (在文章中出現(xiàn)頻率最多的詞),Every Thursday afternoon, my art history class meets not in our usual lecture hall but in our university Art Museum. We spend our one-hour class discussing two or three of the 1 , many of which are by artists that we have already studied in class.,1. A. subjects B. paintings C. speeches D. lectures,1,The professor begins by selecting one 2 of art. After giving us a quick background on the artist , he will open up for class 3 .,2. A. book B. passage C. text D. work 3. A. discussion B. activity C. argument D. consideration,2,Everyone is encouraged to give 4 on the work. Not every piece we study is 5 famous or striking in appearance and subject matter, yet we always manage to make some interesting observations.,4. A. questions B. ideas C. comments D. thoughts 5. A. necessarily B. rather C. nearly D. too,3,Practice,He develops a friendship with an _ friend -a volleyball called Wilson. A. unusual B. good He realizes that he hasnt been a very good friend _he has always been thinking about himself. A. because B. so He understand that _ is about feelings. A. friendship B. man,A volleyball is certainly a(n) _ friend. A. real B. unusual B. important My friend is _. He never tells lies. A. honest B. happy C. glad D. kind ) _ father and I often argue with each other, we are good friends. A. If B. Although C. When D. As if,There will be many people at the theatre, so we will go there early in order to get _ seats. A. good B. happy C. sad D. worried,I surf the internet all the time and I like playing _ games. A. computer B. TV C. musical D. machine I am fond of singing. I sing a lot, _ when I am not singing, I listen to rock music. A. and B. but C. so D. or,中檔題,Chuck is a businessman who is always so busy that he has_ time for his friends. A. many B. much C. little D. few He is a _manager in a company that sends mail all over the world. A. successful B. exciting C. happy D. foolish,He is on a _ across the Pacific Ocean when suddenly his plane crashes. A. ship B flight C. boat D. car He learn to survive all alone. He has to learn how to collect water, hunt for food, and make fire. 1 the most difficult challenge is how to live 2 fiends. 1. A. Perhaps B. Surely C. Certainly D. But 2. A. with B. instead of C. without D. and,E-mail is faster and cheaper than letters, _ you can write to your e-pals every day. A. so B. and C. but D. therefore - Could I use your bathroom ? - You dont need to ask , _ make yourself at home. A. just B. only C. already D. even,I found the bathroom, _ I didnt find what I was looking for! A. but B. and C. so D. and yet English is a language spoken all _ the world. A. around B. of C. among D. between,There are more than 42 countries where the 1 of the people speak English. Most 2 speakers of English are found in the United States of America, Canada , Australian ,South Africa, Ireland ,United Kingdom, New Zealand. 1. A. majority B. few C. mostly 2. A. foreign B. native C. English,高檔 題,More than 375 million people English is their mother tongue. An equal number of people learn English as a _ language. A. foreign B. native C. second D. first _ in the world children go to school to learn English . A. Everywhere B. Somewhere C. Anywhere D. Where,In China students learn English at school as a 1 language, except for those in Hong Kong, where many people speak English as a 2 or a 3 language. 1. A. foreign B. native 2. A. first B. foreign 3. A. native B. second English has developed into the language most _ spoken and used in the world. A. widely B. quickly C. highly D. well,Businessmen and tourists often come to China _ being able to speak Chinese. A. without B. with C. of D. from Make something clear or 1 to understand by describing or 2 information about it. 1. A. easy B. difficult C. sound 2. A. taking B. giving C. telling,Thank you,