基礎(chǔ)英語,基礎(chǔ)英語課程一覽表,Passage I Are You Really Being Invited,Unit One,Related Information,Intensive Study,Practice,The customs of inviting friends vary from country to country. Generally speaking, on formal occasions, the invitation is usually made well in advance. But as for some informal cases, the invitation is usually made orally. To either of these two invitations, the person being invited should give a clear reply whether the invitation is accepted or not.,Text-related information,Text,Intensive Study,Difficult Sentences,Important Words,Intensive Study,Are You Really Being Invited?,Para. 1 If someone asks if you are free at a certain time and invites you to an event, you are not required to commit yourself until you know what the invitation is for. For example, if you say that youre free and the invitation turns out to be something youd hate to do (a trip to a local sight youve seen ten times), then you will be in a position to take back your acceptance or invent an excuse later.,If this happens, tell the person who invites you that you have to check and that youll tell him or her later. If an invitation must be refused, most people expect a reason. The following sequence would be appropriate: apology, reason for refusal, thanks for the invitation.,Intensive Study,Intensive Study,Para. 2 When someone asks you to his or her home, it is very clear who is the guest and who is the host, but invitations to restaurants for lunch, dinner, coffee, a drink, etc., sometimes present problems, and the customs vary in different parts of the United States.,Intensive Study,In this case the host expects to pay and the guest may offer to leave the tip, which may be declined by the host. (If so, just let the matter drop.) If the invitation is expressed in fairly casual terms, such as “Lets go to (name of a restaurant) for dinner,” it may be more of a suggestion than an invitation, so you should be prepared to pay your part of the bill.,Intensive Study,Para. 4 If you want to invite someone for a meal at a restaurant, be explicit: “Id like to take you to”Americans should be explicit also, but they often assume you know the local customs in the matter. Ask a friends advice if you are not sure.,Intensive Study,Para. 5 There are also phrases that sound like invitations but in fact are not. People may say things like: “Well have to get together sometime”or “Youll have to come over and visit us sometime.” You can identify such non-invitations by their generality there is no specific time mentioned, and the word “sometime” is often used. They are often ritual expressions of parting. On these occasions you could respond: “Yes, that would be nice,” or “Id love to”, or something similar, and then let the subject drop. If they do not call you, you could always invite them for some occasion.,Intensive Study,Difficult Sentences,1. (Para. 1) ., you are not required to commit yourself until you know what the invitation is for.,Example: Once he starts a job he wont stop until its finished. Dont move until I tell you.,the sentence pattern not. until. means not before a particular time or event.,在你尚未弄清楚邀請的具體內(nèi)容之前，你沒有必要答應(yīng)一定參加。,Difficult Sentences,2. For example, if you say that youre free and the invitation turns out to be something youd hate to do, then youll be in a position to take back your acceptance or invent an excuse later.,Example: If you list a few priorities, then you will be in a position to do things in the right order of priority.,a relative clause used to modify something,Be in a position can take either an infinitive clause or an of-V-ing phrase, thus be in a position of having to take back. can be also rewritten as be in a position to take back .,比如說，如果你說有空，而邀請參加的卻是你不愿意做的事 (到你已經(jīng)去過10次的當(dāng)?shù)鼐包c(diǎn)旅游), 那么你就可以回絕邀請，或者以后再編一個借口。,This emphatic sentence takes the structure of “it is.who/that”,Difficult Sentences,(Para. 3) In many instances it is the inviter who pays.,Example: It was my uncle who sent me the parcel.,在許多情況下，應(yīng)由邀請人付賬單。,Difficult Sentences,4. (Para. 3) .it may be more of a suggestion than an invitation.,Example:Shes more of a poet than a musician.,the pattern, it is more of .than . (與其說不如說).,這樣說更像是建議，而不是邀請,Important Words,mit v. entrust, hand over, make oneself responsible 使 承擔(dān)（保證），使作出保證；把交托給,I think I can come tonight but I wont commit myself till I know for sure. If you want to be an actor you have to really commit yourself to it. The government claimed to commit itself to improving health care. The president said that once he had committed to this course of action there was no going back.,FOR EXAMPLE,Important Words,2. invent v. discover and create something new 發(fā)明，設(shè)計， 編造,The first safety razor was invented by the company founder King C. Gillette in 1903. The fax is arguably the most useful machine to have been invented since the telephone. Over the past quarter century our advertising company has invented thousands of catchphrases. I didnt invent the story . Everything I told you is true.,FOR EXAMPLE,Important Words,3. appropriate a. proper, suitable 合適的，恰當(dāng)?shù)?I didnt think his comments were very appropriate at the time. Ive been invited to her wedding but I havent got anything appropriate to wear. Her thin shoes werent appropriate for such muddy paths. Her remarks were considerate and very appropriate to the situation. This isnt an appropriate occasion to discuss finance.,FOR EXAMPLE,Important Words,4. instance n. certain situation, circumstance or occasion, case or example 情況，情形，事例,FOR EXAMPLE,There have been several recent instances of planes taking off without adequate safety checks. I dont usually side with the management, but in this instance I agree with what theyre saying. In the local industry, for instance, 5 000 jobs are being lost.,Important Words,5. casual a. informal, not very serious 隨便的，隨意的， 非正式的,It was just a casual comment, I didnt mean it to be taken so seriously. The new law is intended to deter the casual user of drugs. For some people casual clothes mean a shapeless T-shirt and old jeans. Security around the conference hotel seemed almost casual. Are you employed permanently or on a casual basis?,FOR EXAMPLE,Important Words,explicit a. clear, definite 清楚的，直率的,Sheila shouldnt get lost because I gave her very explicit directions how to get there. She was very explicit about what she thought was wrong with the plans.,FOR EXAMPLE,Important Words,drop v. fall down, give up, lower 滴，落，下降，變?nèi)酰?中斷,FOR EXAMPLE,The book dropped from the shelf. She dropped the tray with a crash. Drop your voices shes in the next room! The temperature drops at night. Prices have dropped since there has been more competition between suppliers. Can you drop what youre doing and help me with this report? I dont want to talk about it any more lets drop the subject.,1 Answer the following questions according to the text.,Read and Think,What should you do if someone only invites you, but doesnt say what the invitation is for?,You should not feel committed until you know what the invitation is for.,Read and Think,What is the proper sequence for refusing an invitation?,It is: apology, reason for refusal, thanks for the invitation.,What does “go Dutch”mean?,It means each pays ones own check when eating in a restaurant.,Read and Think,4 What is the key word in the expressions that sounds like invitations but actually is not?,The word “sometime”.,Passage I Online Growth Continued,Unit Two,Related Information Intensive Study Practice,Ways for Internet Connection: There are several ways for Internet connection. One common way is dial-up connection. For dial-up connection, you need a computer, a modem, and a telephone line.,Text-related Information,ISP is the abbreviation of Internet Service Provider. It provides services for Internet users to get connected with the Internet. Before getting connected with the Internet, an Internet user must apply for an account and a password from an ISP. He or she should also get its dial-up number, the addresses of its domain name and of the mail server.,Text-related Information,Now you can turn on your computer, start the dial-up program and get connected with the Internet. Then you can use the browser to enjoy the world of Internet. You can also send or receive emails with the help of the emails. People can do a lot of things by browsing Internet, such as sharing information, transacting business and communicating with people across the globe.,Text-related Information,Text,Difficult Sentences,Important Words,Intensive Study,Online Growth Continued,Para. 1 In just five years, the World Wide Web has become a powerful new medium for sharing information, conducting business and communicating with people across the room or across the world. Para. 2 Every day, about 55 million Americans log onto the Internet to use email, receive news and information, or conduct business.,Text,Para. 3 American Online Inc. (AOI) now claims more than 22 million members, up from 2 million in 1995. And the number of items listed for sale on e-Bay, an auction site, increased greatly from 443 000 in early 1997 to more than 53 million in the first quarter of this year. Para. 4 The online world is increasingly merging with the “real” world, influencing nearly every side of life.,Text,Para. 5 Email allows families and friends around the world to communicate at a low price and more frequently. Para. 6 The Internets ability to provide a constant flow of news and information has sped up an already fast pace for most Americans. It also allows them the freedom to shop and conduct other business at their own convenience. Para. 7 These benefits, however, have not come without a price. Wired life has also brought about growing concern regarding privacy and protection of identities online.,Text,Para. 8 And as with most innovations, those who have less money and receive less education in American society have had much less access to the Web and its respective benefits, creating what some call a “digital divide”. Para. 9 In spite of these issues, the rate of online growth does not appear to be slowing down at any time soon. Para. 10 Whats fueling the online rush? Para. 11 Jonathan Palmer, an Internet expert from the University of Maryland, said America Online Inc. has been a large factor in Internet growth.,Text,Para. 12 The companys “ability to bring together access, content and selling in a fairly user-friendly package has certainly sped up growth,” Palmer said. Para. 13 Another factor is that links to the Internet are steadily improving, with broadband links such as digital subscriber lines (DSL) and cable modems providing speeds unimaginable in the past. Para. 14 This new technology, originally used by offices and larger organizations, is rapidly becoming more available to US customers (顧客) in their own homes.,Text,Difficult Sentences,1. In just five years, the World Wide Web has become a powerful new medium for sharing information, conducting business and communicating with people across the room or across the World. ( Para. 1) Analysis: In just five years implies in the five years just past, and the main verb of the sentence usually takes present perfect tense. Across the room and across the world are given here to indicate the wide range of use of the Internet.,Translation: 在僅僅5年的時間里，全球范圍網(wǎng)已經(jīng)成為一種新媒體，使人們能夠從小到房間內(nèi)大到全球范圍分享信息、處理業(yè)務(wù)并相互流。 Example: In just ten years, the video phone has become a powerful medium for sharing information and communicating with people.,Difficult Sentences,2. And the number of items listed for sale on e-Bay, an auction site, increased greatly from 443 000 in early 1997 to more than 53 million in the first quarter of this year. (Para. 3) Analysis: The S-V structure of the sentence is the number . increased, with listed for sale on e-Bay being the post-modifier of the number of items and an auction site as the apposition of e-Bay.,Difficult Sentences,Translation: 在電子港灣（一個拍賣網(wǎng)址）上所列出拍賣的物品數(shù)量從1997年初的44萬項猛增到今年第一個季度的5 300萬項。 Example: The number of items listed for sale on A, an Internet shopping site, soared from 333 000 in early 1996 to over 40 million this year.,Difficult Sentences,3. These benefits, however, have not come without a price. (Para. 7) Analysis: Here not.without is a double negative structure. Translation: 然而，因特網(wǎng)給人們帶來的這些好處也讓人們付出了代價。 Example: Thank you so much for your help - I couldnt have done it without you.,Difficult Sentences,Wired life has also brought about growing concern about privacy and protection of identities online. (Para. 7) Analysis: Regarding means about. Translation: 在線生活也使人們越來越關(guān)注網(wǎng)上隱私和身份保護(hù)。 Example: The company is being questioned regarding its employment policy.,Difficult Sentences,5. And as with most innovations, those who have less money and receive less education in American society have had much less access to the Web and its respective benefits, creating what some call a “digital divide.” (Para. 8) Analysis: As with means in the same way as; have access to means have the possibility of approaching, have the right to use or look at; creating is used as an accompanying adverbial; what some call. is an object clause.,Difficult Sentences,Translation: 而且像大多數(shù)新事物一樣,美國社會中那些不太富有和教育水平不高的人上網(wǎng)并 分享其各種好處的機(jī)會要少得多, 從而創(chuàng)造了有些人所說的“數(shù)字分界”。 Example: As with his early movies, the special effects in his latest film are brilliant. The tax inspector had complete access to the company files.,Difficult Sentences,6. Another factor is that links to the Internet are steadily improving, with broadband links such as digital subscriber lines (DSL) and cable modems providing speeds unimaginable in the past. (Para. 13) Analysis: With . links providing speed. is the S-V participle clause introduced by with-the actual logical subject is broadband connections and the predicate providing; Unimaginable is the post-modifier of speeds.,Difficult Sentences,Translation: 另外的一個因素是與因特網(wǎng)的連接正在逐步改善, 利用像數(shù)字訂戶線路以及電 纜調(diào)制解調(diào)器等寬帶連接提供了以前難以想象的高速度。 Example: The day was bright, with a fresh breeze blowing. Using computer graphics, you can create anything unimaginable.,Difficult Sentences,Important Words,share v. divide and distribute 分享，公用 FOR EXAMPLE: The four students share one bedroom in the dorm. The kitchen is shared by the two. He hated to share the computer with another student.,conduct v. handle, undertake, transact, guide 實施，處理，進(jìn)行，引導(dǎo)，傳導(dǎo) FOR EXAMPLE: We are conducting a survey to find out what our customers think of their local bus service. The experiments were conducted by scientists in New York. May I conduct you to your table, Sir, or would you prefer to have a drink at the bar first? The way you choose to conduct your private life is your own business! Copper conducts electricity but plastic does not.,list v. write down a number of names, items, things, etc. 列出單子 FOR EXAMPLE: The professor listed all the books for us to read during the winter vacation. My mother always lists the things she needs to buy before going to the market. I have to list all the students names on my notebook.,merge v. (of business companies) cause to become one 合并, 并入, 結(jié)合, 吞沒, 融合 FOR EXAMPLE: They decided to merge the two companies into one. The countrys two biggest banks are planning to merge in order to fight off competition for abroad.,constant a. going on all the time, frequently 不變的, 持續(xù)的, 堅決的 FOR EXAMPLE: We kept a fairly constant speed during all the race. The fridge keeps food at a constant temperature. Ive had this constant headache ever since I woke up this morning. Hes in constant trouble with the police.,speed up v. increase the rate of motion 加速 FOR EXAMPLE: We have succeeded in speeding up our production rates in the last few months. This drug may have the effect of speeding up your heart rate. The economy shows signs of speeding up. The tape speeded up towards the end.,respective a. belonging to each of those in question 分別的, 各自的 FOR EXAMPLE: When the meeting had finished, they returned to their respective homes. The work was assigned to them according to their respective abilities.,rate n. the speed at which something happens or is done 速度 FOR EXAMPLE: Individual children develop physically and emotionally at different rates. The amount of light available will determine the plants rate of growth.,fuel v. supply with material for producing heat or energy 加燃料,加油，增加，加速 FOR EXAMPLE: Our heating system is fuelled by gas. The prime ministers speech fuelled speculation that she is about to resign. The rapid promotion of the directorson has itself fuelled resentment within the company.,Answer the following questions according to the passage.,Read and Think,1 What can the World Wide Web do as a powerful medium?,It can share information, conduct business and communicate with people.,Answer the following questions according to the passage.,Read and Think,2 How many Americans log onto the Internet every day according to the passage?,About 55 million Americans.,3 What is the e-Bay?,It is an auction site.,Answer the following questions according to the passage.,Read and Think,4 What are the advantages of e-mail?,It allows families and friends to communicate at a low price and more frequently.,Passage I For Conversation Press # 1,Unit Three,Related Information Intensive Study,Practice,Related Information,A cell phone is a small telephone you can carry with you that operates through networks of radio antennas or space satellites. Other expressions of a cell phone: a. a cellular phone/telephone b. a mobile phone /telephone c. a handset,A Cell Phone 手機(jī),Related Information,ATM is the abbreviation for automated teller machine. ATMs are found in business districts and shopping malls. People use them to get cash from their bank accounts and in many places, to pay for gas, groceries, and other things.,ATM 自動取款機(jī),Related Information,A Voice Mail 有聲郵件,A voice mail is a telephone answering system on which spoken messages are left by one person for another.,Text,Difficult Sentences,Important Words,Intensive Study,(Para. 1) Ive got a cell phone, email and voice mail. But why am I so lonely? (Para. 2) A funny thing happened on the way to the communications revolution: we stopped talking to one another. (Para. 3) I was walking in the park with a friend recently, and his cell phone rang, interrupting our conversation. There they were, talking and talking on a beautifully sunny day and I became invisible, absent from the conversation.,Passage I,For Conversation Press # 1,(Para. 4) The park was filled with people talking on their cell phones. They were passing other people without looking at them, saying hello, noticing their babies or stopping to pet their puppies. Evidently, the untethered electronic voice is preferable to human contact.,Passage I,(Para. 5) The telephone used to connect you to the absent. Now it makes people sitting next to you feel absent. Recently I was in a car with three friends. The driver hushed the rest of us because he could not hear the person on the other end of his cell phone. There we were, four friends zooming down the highway, unable to talk to one another because of a gadget designed to make communication easier.,Passage I,(Para. 6) Why is it that the more connected we get, the more disconnected I feel? Every advance in communications technology is a setback to the intimacy of human interaction. With email and instant messaging over the Internet, we can now communicate without seeing or talking to one another. With voice-mail, you can conduct entire conversations without ever reaching anyone. If my mom has a question, I just leave the answer on her machine.,Passage I,(Para. 7) As almost every conceivable contact between human beings gets automated, the alienation index goes up. You cant even call a person to get the phone number of another person any more. Directory assistance is almost always fully automated. (Para. 8) Pumping gas at the