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1、專題七：英語句子的考點(diǎn)集匯，講解和訓(xùn)練 【名師點(diǎn)睛】 一. 陳述句的構(gòu)成形式及基本用法 1. 陳述句： 陳述句是用來陳述一個事實或表達(dá)說話人看法（包括肯定和否定）的句子。通常用 降調(diào)，句末用句號 “.。” Tom has a new car. The flower isn ' t beautiful. 2. 陳述句否定式的構(gòu)成 （1） 如果肯定陳述句的謂語部分含有助動詞、 情態(tài)動詞或連系動詞 be，則只需在這些動 詞后加not即可構(gòu)成否定式。 He is playi ng the guitar. （肯定） He is not play ing the guitar. （

2、否定） We can get there before dark. （肯定） We can ' gtet thee before dark. （否定） （2） 如果陳述句的謂語動詞是實義動詞，而其中又沒有情態(tài)動詞或助動詞時，則需根據(jù) 人稱和時態(tài)在該實義動詞前加 don' t, doesn或didn '。同時把該實義動詞變?yōu)樵巍? He plays the violin well. （肯定） He doesn ' t playie violin well. （否定） She won the game. （肯定） She didn ' t with e game.（否定） （3）

3、 如果句子是 there be結(jié)構(gòu)或謂語動詞是 have （有），除了 be和have之后加 not之 夕卜，句中如果有 some要變?yōu)?any。例如： There is some water in the cup. here is 悵晚門丫 water in the cup. He has some books. f He has not any books. （4） 除not以外，否定詞 no, never, nothing, nobody, few 等也可構(gòu)成否定句。例如： There is something wrong with his bike. f There is n

4、othing wrong with his bike. I have seen the film. f I have never seen the film. 二. 祈使句的構(gòu)成形式及基 本用法 祈使句是用來表示命令、請求、建議、號召等的句子，謂語動詞用原形，句末用感嘆 號“！”或句號“.。朗讀時一般用降調(diào)。 1. 肯定的祈使句： （1）祈使句主語是 you時，you常省略，但如果要特別強(qiáng)調(diào)對方或表達(dá)某種強(qiáng)烈的情緒 時可以有主語或稱呼語。 Be quiet. You be quiet! （2） “Do-祈使句”表示一種強(qiáng)烈的感情或請求， do起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。 Do come

5、 back at on ce! Do be careful. （3） please用在祈使句中可以表示一種客氣的語氣， 但please用在句末時， 必須用逗號 與其余部分分開。 Open the win dow, please. （4） Let引導(dǎo)祈使句時，后面需跟上人稱代詞或稱呼語，人稱代詞一般只用第一、第三 人稱。 Let Jack wait a minu te. Let ' s go to school. （5） 在祈使句中， Let '和Let us是有區(qū)別的。 Let '包括說話者， 而Let us不包括聽話 者在內(nèi)。這點(diǎn)從反意疑問句時可明顯看出。 Let ' g

6、o skating, shall we? （表示內(nèi)部的建議） Let us try agai n, will you? （表示向別人發(fā)出請求） 2. 否定祈使句通常以 Don '或Never開頭。其結(jié)構(gòu)通常是： “ Don ' t（Never動詞原形+其他 成分”例如： Don ' t do that again! Never leave today ' s work for tomorrow! Don ' t be late next time! 三. 一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句、反意疑問句的構(gòu)成形式及基本用法 1. 一般疑問句： （1 ）一般疑問句的肯定形式 一

7、般疑問句一般是指以助動詞、情態(tài)動詞、 be動詞或have （有）開始，通常要 求以yes,或no來回答的疑問句，一般疑問句讀時通常用升調(diào)。 Do you know Mr. Smith? Can you swim? （2） —般疑問句的否定結(jié)構(gòu) ① 在一般疑問句的否定結(jié)構(gòu)中，把副詞 not放在一般疑問句的主語之后。但如果用 not的簡略形式-n '，則須將-n '垢一般疑問句句首的 be, have，助動詞或情態(tài)動詞 寫在一起。在實際運(yùn)用中，一般都采用簡略式。 Are you n ot a football fan? Aren ' t you a football fan?

8、Will she not like it? Won' t she like it? ② 與漢語不同的是，英語一般疑問句否定結(jié)構(gòu)的答語是否定還是肯定，全由答語的 否定或肯定來決定。若答語是肯定的，則用 yes加肯定結(jié)構(gòu)；若答語是否定的， 則用no加否定結(jié)構(gòu)。 Aren ' t you a football fan?你不是足球迷嗎？ Y es, I am. No, I am not. Won' t she like it? Y es, she will. No, she won ' t. 2. 特殊疑問句 特殊疑問句由 疑問代詞或疑問副詞 +—般疑問句”構(gòu)成，句子一般用倒裝

9、語序，但 如果主語是疑問代詞或由疑問代詞修飾時， 用陳述句的語序。 特殊疑問句不能用 yes或 no回答，讀時用降調(diào)。例如： Who is on duty today? How long have you bee n in B eiji ng? What time do you get up every morning? What must I do now? 常用的特殊疑問句 詢問內(nèi)容 疑問詞或句型 例句 回答 職業(yè)，身份 what What is your father? He is a doctor. 姓名或關(guān)系 who Who is that boy

10、? He is Jack. He is my brother 相貌特征 what - ?like? What is she like? What does she look like? She is beautiful. 目的 what - --for? What did they come here for? To atte nd a meeti ng. 原因 why Why did they come here? Because they have a meeti ng to atte nd. 天氣 how what …like? How is t

11、he weather today? What is the weather like It ' s fine. today? 顏色 what color …？ What dolor is her skirt? It ' s red. 服裝尺寸 what size What size does he wear? He wars 40. 幾點(diǎn)鐘 what time What time is it? It ' s 7:30. 星期幾 what day What day is today? It ' s Tuesday. 幾號，日期 wha

12、t is the date …? What is the date today? It ' s May 2. 年齡（多大） how old How old is he? He is 38. 持續(xù)多長時 間（多久） how long How long have you bee n here? For five mon ths. 長度（多長） how long How long is the bridge? It ' s 500 metres. 距離（多遠(yuǎn)） how far How far is it from here to the zoo? It ' s

13、6 kilometres. 頻度 （多經(jīng)常） how ofte n How ofte n do you come back? Once a week. 時間經(jīng)過 （多快） how soon How soon will she arrive? In an week. 數(shù)量 （多少） how many （可數(shù) 名詞） how much （不可 數(shù)名詞） How many jackets do you have? How much coffee do you want? Three. Two cups. 價格 how much How much is i

14、t? How much does it cost? Five dollars. 高度 （多高） how tall （人，樹） how high （山，建 筑物） How tall is she? How high is the tower? She ' s 1.73 metres. It ' s 450 metres. 3. 選擇疑問句： 選擇疑問句是說話者提出兩種或兩種以上的不同情況，讓對方選擇回答的疑問句。 其結(jié)構(gòu)是 疑問句+選擇部分 ”選擇部分由 or連接，or前面的部分讀升調(diào)， or后面的部分 讀降調(diào)。 選擇疑問句不能用 yes或no回答，而必須具體

15、的選擇答復(fù)。 Is your bag yellow or black? It ' s black. Would you like some tea or coffee? Either will do. Which do you like better, singing or dancing? I like dancing better. 4. 反意疑問句: 問對方是否贊同 反意疑問句是指在陳述句之后附加一個意思與之相反的簡短問句， 的疑問句。附加問句的否定式必須縮寫。 （1） 肯定的陳述句后跟否定的附加問句，否定的陳述句后跟肯定的附加問句。 I am y our teache

16、r, aren ' t I? He didn ' t study hard, did he? （2） 如果陳述句中含有否定副詞 never （從不，決不）， hardly （幾乎不）或其他表示 否定代詞或形容詞，如 n oth ing, none no on e, n obody, neither, few, little 等，則附加 問句只能用肯定式。如： They hardly write to each other, do they? He has found nothing, has he? Few people knew the secret, did they? （

17、3 ）當(dāng)反意疑問句是 否定陳述句 +肯定附加問句 ”時，英語與漢語的回答習(xí)慣存在差異。 英語回答時只看實際情況，若答語的具體內(nèi)容是肯定的就用 “ Yes-肯定結(jié)構(gòu)”答語 的具體內(nèi)容是否定的就用 “ No+否定結(jié)構(gòu)”而譯成漢語時，則必須把 yes譯不是” 把no譯成是的” ---You won ' t be away for long, will you? 你不會離開太久，是嗎？ ---Yes, I will.不，我會離開很久。 ---No, I won 是的，我不會離開很久。 ---I don ' t think she ' ll come by bike, will she我認(rèn)

18、為她不會騎自行車，會嗎？ ---Yes, she will. 不，她會騎自行車來。 ---No, she won 是的，她不會騎自行車來。 四. 由what, how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句的構(gòu)成形式、用法及區(qū)別 感嘆句是表示喜、 怒、哀、樂以及驚異等感情的句子。 句末用感嘆號 “”讀時用降調(diào)， 感嘆句往往由 what或how引導(dǎo)，what修飾名詞，how修飾形容詞，副詞或動詞。 1. what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句： （1） what + a/an +形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 +陳述句（主語 +謂語） What a beautiful city it is! What an in terest in

19、g story she told! （2） what+形容詞+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 /不可數(shù)名詞 +陳述句（主語 +謂語） What expe nsive watches they are! What terrible weather it is! 2 . How引導(dǎo)的感嘆句： （1） How+形容詞/副詞+陳述句（主語 +謂語） How cold it is! How hard he works! (2) How+陳述句(主語 +謂語) How he loves his son! How I miss you! (3) How+形容詞+a/an+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 +陳述句(主語

20、+謂語) How tall a tree it is! (4) 上述兩種感嘆句可以互相轉(zhuǎn)換。例如： What a clever boy he is! f How clever the boy is! What a cold day it is! f How cold it is! 【演練】 1. ---Excuse me, is the n earest bookshop? ---Go dow n the street and turn left at the sec ond corner. A. how B. what C. where D. who 2. --- is i

21、t from our school to the Bell Tower? ---About half an hour ' s bus ride. Shall we go and visit it? A. How long B. How ofte n C. How far D. How much 3. ---Linda had nothing for breakfast this morni ng, ? ---No. She got up too late. A. had she B. hadn ' t sheC. did she D. didn ' t she 4. ---The

22、room is so dirty. we clea n it? ---Of course. A. Will B. Would C. Do D. Shall 5. --- , sir? ---Size 41,1 think A. What size do you n eed B. What can I do for you C. How do you like this shirt D. What ' s the matter with you 6. --- good weather! Why not go out for a walk? A. What B. How C. Wh

23、at a D. How a 7. --- It ' s a nice car. have you been in it? ---Just to Sha nghai. A. How much B. How long C. How soon D. How far 8. --- to the Uni ted States? ---No, n ever, but I went to Ca nada a few years ago. A. Have you bee n B. Have you gone 用心愛心專心 10 C. Did you go D. Will you go

24、 9. --- were you away from school last year? ——About two weeks. A. How ofte n B. How soon 10. --- do you want? ---1 want a CD of popular A. Which CD C. What CD C. How long D. When son gs. B. How ma ny CDs D. How much 11. is your mother, a teacher or a doctor? A. What B. Which C.

25、 Who D. whose 12. --- is your mother today, Jim? ---She is much better. A. How B. What C. Where D. How old 13. --- he at this school last term? ---Yes, I think so. A. Did …study B. Does …study C. Was …study D. Did …studied 14. --- did you beg in to lear n En glish? ---Three years ago. A. W

26、hen B. Why C. Where D. What 15. --- do you write to your pen -frie nd? ---Once a week. A. How long B. How soo n C. How far D. How ofte n 16. n ice flowers! Where did you pick them? A. How B. What C. What a D. How a 17. The sick man ' s allowed to take a walk in the garden every dyi, ? A. is

27、he B. isn ' t hC. has he D. hasn ' t he 18. cross the road befor e the traffic lights turn gree n. A. Not B. Won ' t C. Don ' tD. Doesn ' t 19. He found nothing in the room, ? A. doesn ' t he B. do es he C. didn ' t he D. did he 20. You haven ' t changed your mind, ? A. do you B. are you C. have you D. did you 練習(xí)答案】 1.C 2.C 3.C 4.D 5.A 6.A 7.D 8.A 9.C 10.C 11.A 12.A 13.A 14.A 15.D 16.B 17.B 18.C 19.D 20.C 用心 愛心 專心 #