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1、專(zhuān)題十被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),,,,,2019全新版,分析廣東近6年中考真題可知,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是必考點(diǎn)之一(共1~2.5分),主要在單項(xiàng)填空中考查三種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(2015年)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(2018年,2017年,2016年,2013年)和一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(2014年);在短文填空中考查盲填(2018年,2014年)。,考點(diǎn)精講,易錯(cuò)盤(pán)點(diǎn),解題技巧,試題精練,1.概述英語(yǔ)中有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài):主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。一般說(shuō)來(lái),只有及物動(dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如:,考點(diǎn)精講,考點(diǎn)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)【該部分內(nèi)容在中考題中雖然不會(huì)直接
2、考查,但也需要了解】,Tombrokethewindow.湯姆打碎了窗戶(hù)。(主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))Thewindowwasbroken.這扇窗戶(hù)被打碎了。(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))2.構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)變化只改變be的形式,過(guò)去分詞形式不變。疑問(wèn)式和否定式的變化也是如此。,3.用法在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中,主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者,主要用于以下幾種情況:(1)不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)。如:Thebuildingwasbuilttenyearsago.這座建筑物是十年前建造的。(2)沒(méi)有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)。如:Theseflowersarewateredeveryday.這些花每天都被
3、澆水。(3)動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者不是人。如:Manyhouseswerewashedawaybytheflood.許多房屋被洪水沖走了。,(4)需要強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí),用“by+動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者”。如:Chineseisspokenbymoreandmorepeopleintheworld.世界上越來(lái)越多的人在說(shuō)漢語(yǔ)。(5)做客觀(guān)說(shuō)明時(shí),常采用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句型:Itis/wassaid/reported+that...“據(jù)說(shuō)/據(jù)報(bào)道……”。如:Itsreportedthataboutthreehundredpeoplewerekilledinthisearthquake.據(jù)報(bào)道,在這次地震中差不多有三百人
4、遇難。,4.主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義:(1)系動(dòng)詞如look,sound,smell,taste等用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義。如:Thefishtastesverygood.魚(yú)肉嘗起來(lái)很好吃。(2)一些動(dòng)詞,如read,write,drive,sell,open,eat,drink等作不及物動(dòng)詞且常和一些修飾語(yǔ)連用,表示主語(yǔ)的某種屬性特征,這些動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)形式。如:①Thecomputersellswell.這種電腦賣(mài)得很好。②Thesweaterwasheseasily.這件毛衣很容易洗。,(3)在某些固定搭配中,現(xiàn)在分詞形式也可表被動(dòng)意義。①beworthdoing中,doing表示被動(dòng)意義。如:The
5、movieisworthwatching.這部電影值得一看。②need/require+doing=need/require+tobedone,tobedone是不定式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。如:Yourcarneedswashing.=Y(jié)ourcarneedstobewashed.你的汽車(chē)該洗了。,拓展在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中省略“to”的動(dòng)詞不定式,在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中要加“to”。常見(jiàn)的有感官動(dòng)詞see,hear,watch,feel,notice等,以及使役動(dòng)詞let,make,have。如:Iheardthegirlsinginthenextroom.(變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))→Thegirlwasheardtosingin
6、thenextroom.,構(gòu)成:主語(yǔ)+am/is/are+done。如:Myroomiscleanedeveryday.我的房間每天都被打掃。(肯定句)→Myroomisntcleanedeveryday.(否定句,在am/is/are后加not)→Isyourroomcleanedeveryday?(一般疑問(wèn)句,把a(bǔ)m/is/are提到句首),考點(diǎn)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(6年1考),()1.(2015廣東)—HaveyouheardofthesongLittleApple?—Yes.It______everymorningwhenagedpeopledosquaredancingdownsta
7、irs.A.isplayedB.playsC.wasplayedD.played,A,()2.(2018東莞市六校聯(lián)考二模)—Excuseme,sir.Smoking______inthegasstation.—Oh,Imterriblysorry.A.doesntallowB.isallowedC.a(chǎn)rentallowedD.isntallowed()3.Inourdailylife,Wi-Fi______everywhereanditisveryconvenientforustosurfontheInternet.A.usedB.usesC.willbeusedD.isused,DD,構(gòu)成
8、:主語(yǔ)+was/were+done。如:Johnwaspunishedbyhisparentsyesterday.約翰昨天被他的父母懲罰了。(肯定句)→Johnwasntpunishedbyhisparentsyesterday.(否定句,在was/were后加not)→WasJohnpunishedbyhisparentsyesterday?(一般疑問(wèn)句,把was/were提到句首),考點(diǎn)一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(6年6考),()4.(2018廣東)ManyshopsinChina______toshutdownasanewlawagainstivory(象牙)tradecameintoeffe
9、ctonJanuary1st,2018.A.orderedB.didntorderC.wereorderedD.werentordered()5.(2017廣東)Thewaitertoldmethatfreeparking______forthehotelguests.A.providesB.providedC.willbeprovidedD.wasprovided,CD,()6.(2016廣東)HeJiang______togiveaspeechatthegraduationceremonyatHarvardUniversitylastmonth.A.invitesB.invitedC.is
10、invitedD.wasinvited()7.(2013廣東)It______lastweekthatthehaze(霧霾)inBeijingcausedmanyproblems.A.reportsB.reportedC.isreportedD.wasreported,DD,()8.(2018惠州市惠城區(qū)一模)Thecinema______afewyearsago.Butnowfewpeoplegotowatchmoviesthere.A.buildsB.isbuiltC.wasbuiltD.built()9.(2018中山市卓雅外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)校二模)Aconcert______toraisemon
11、eyforthedisabledlastmonth.A.isheldB.washeldC.willholdD.mayhold,CB,構(gòu)成:主語(yǔ)+willbedone;主語(yǔ)+am/is/aregoingto+bedone。如:(1)Thesetreeswillbeplantedtomorrow.這些樹(shù)明天將被種植。→Thesetreeswontbeplantedtomorrow.(否定句,在will后加not)→Willthesetreesbeplantedtomorrow?(一般疑問(wèn)句,把will提到句首),考點(diǎn)一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(6年1考),(2)Themeetingisgoingtobe
12、heldnextweek.會(huì)議將于下周召開(kāi)。→Themeetingisntgoingtobeheldnextweek.(否定句,在am/is/are后加not)→Isthemeetinggoingtobeheldnextweek?(一般疑問(wèn)句,把a(bǔ)m/is/are提到句首),()10.(2014廣東)AlthoughFlightMH370hasbeenmissingformonths,Idobelieveit______somedayinthefuture.A.willfindB.wontfindC.willbefoundD.wontbefound()11.Theinternationalme
13、eting______inHainaninafewweekstime.A.holdB.isheldC.willholdD.willbeheld,CD,()12.—Allfood______tostudentsforfreeinourdininghallontheSchoolCelebrationDay.—Great!Icantwait.A.offerB.willofferC.a(chǎn)reofferedD.willbeoffered,D,注意該結(jié)構(gòu)表被動(dòng),相當(dāng)于want/need/require+tobedone。()13.Thefloorisdirty.Itneeds______.A.washing
14、B.washedC.bewashedD.beingwashed,易錯(cuò)盤(pán)點(diǎn),易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)want/need/require+doing,A,注意make,see,watch,hear,feel等使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞。()14.Ifyouseethecomedy,youwill______laugh.A.bemadeB.bemadetoC.maketoD.make,易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式,變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)要加to,B,做關(guān)于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的相關(guān)題時(shí),首先要確定主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的執(zhí)行者還是承受者,這樣才能判斷出句子的語(yǔ)態(tài)。例(2018天津)DrBethune______still______inbothChina
15、andCanadatoday.A.is;rememberedB.is;rememberingC.will;rememberD.has;remembered,解題技巧,技巧判斷動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或承受者,A,方法點(diǎn)撥第①步:先分析句意“如今在中國(guó)和加拿大,白求恩醫(yī)生仍然……”。第②步:根據(jù)句意和選項(xiàng)可知主語(yǔ)DrBethune和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞remember之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,故答案為A。,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的使用離不開(kāi)時(shí)態(tài),做題時(shí)要根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或語(yǔ)境來(lái)分析使用哪種時(shí)態(tài)。例(2018鹽城)Alotofnewroads______inordertodevelopthevillagesinthenextfiveyears.A.builtB.werebuiltC.willbuildD.willbebuilt,技巧時(shí)態(tài)判斷法,D,方法點(diǎn)撥第①步:先分析句意“為了村莊的發(fā)展,五年后很多新的道路……”。第②步:根據(jù)句意和選項(xiàng)可知主語(yǔ)newroads和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞build之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,又由inthenextfiveyears可知用一般將來(lái)時(shí),故答案為D。,,,謝謝觀(guān)看,,,Exit,,