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1、 《高級英語視聽說（第二版）》 教師用書 第二版說明 《高級英語視聽說》為專業(yè)英語課程教材，供高等院校英語專業(yè)高年級本科生使用；同時(shí)也為高等院校非英語專業(yè)高年級本科生使用。近些年，大學(xué)英語及專門用途英語教學(xué)改革成果顯著，非英語專業(yè)學(xué)生的英語水平提高很大，有些甚至好于英語專業(yè)的學(xué)生。教師和學(xué)生都感到特別需要更高要求、更深程度內(nèi)容的英語教材滿足這部分學(xué)生的智力和情感需求。這套教材既是很好的選擇。本教材還可以供研究生英語課程使用，供有同等英語水平的自學(xué)者和工作者使用。 本套教材于2008年榮獲北京市精品教材獎。目前已經(jīng)重印十余

2、次，受到教師和學(xué)生的廣泛歡迎。 第二版教材去掉五部舊片，換上五部新片，其中三部電影，一部紀(jì)錄片，以跟進(jìn)時(shí)代。它們分別是《黑天鵝》、《幫助》、《朗讀者》和《精神病人》。這些片子已在北外的課堂使用過，深受學(xué)生們喜愛。單元安排根據(jù)學(xué)生的興趣、影片的新舊、影片的難易重新做了調(diào)整，現(xiàn)在的安排給人一種全新的感受。教師也可以按照自己的考慮、學(xué)生的水平重新安排一學(xué)期的課程順序。 第二版教材建議每周學(xué)習(xí)一部片子，所用學(xué)時(shí)兩小時(shí)。網(wǎng)絡(luò)的發(fā)展以及各學(xué)校音視頻的建設(shè)使學(xué)生隨時(shí)可以看到新片，這樣使一周完成學(xué)生課前的準(zhǔn)備及課上的討論成為了可能。 我們衷心希望第二版能夠受到更多教師和學(xué)生的喜愛。在內(nèi)容帶給我們更多挑戰(zhàn)

3、的同時(shí)，也希望帶給我們更多思考的快樂。 主編：王鎮(zhèn)平 2013年4月23日 編寫理念 21世紀(jì)是一個以經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化和信息化為顯著特征的時(shí)代，我們的人才培養(yǎng)目標(biāo)要適應(yīng)這個時(shí)代，我們的教材則要適應(yīng)這個新的培養(yǎng)目標(biāo)。英語專業(yè)培養(yǎng)的人才應(yīng)該是具有扎實(shí)的英語語言基礎(chǔ)和廣博的英語文化知識，并能在不同的工作和研究領(lǐng)域熟練運(yùn)用英語的復(fù)合型人才，要同時(shí)兼具組織能力、實(shí)踐能力和創(chuàng)新能力。這套教材就是在這樣的需求中應(yīng)運(yùn)而生的。 根據(jù)2000年《高等院校英語專業(yè)英語教學(xué)大綱》（以下簡稱《大綱》）的要求，21世紀(jì)外語專業(yè)教材應(yīng)具有以下幾個特征：教材內(nèi)容和語言能夠反映快速變化的時(shí)代；教材能處理好專業(yè)知識、語言訓(xùn)

4、練和相關(guān)學(xué)科知識之間的關(guān)系；教材不僅僅著眼于知識的傳授，還有助于學(xué)生的鑒賞批判能力、思維能力和創(chuàng)新能力的培養(yǎng)；教學(xué)內(nèi)容有較強(qiáng)的實(shí)用性和針對性；注意充分利用計(jì)算機(jī)、多媒體、網(wǎng)絡(luò)等現(xiàn)代化的技術(shù)手段。 本教材的編寫理念符合《大綱》的要求，具有以下七大特征： 一、內(nèi)容強(qiáng)調(diào)趣味性 近些年來，人們越來越認(rèn)識到興趣是學(xué)習(xí)者內(nèi)在動力的源泉。所以，我們在選擇教材內(nèi)容時(shí)，盡量貼近大學(xué)生的生活，盡可能地滿足大學(xué)生的智力因素和成長需求；能最大限度地做到這一點(diǎn)，就能最大限度地激發(fā)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的積極性和主動性。語言學(xué)家Michael P. Breen和Christopher N. Candlin強(qiáng)調(diào)：教材應(yīng)考慮學(xué)生的情

5、感、態(tài)度和經(jīng)歷，適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容可激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)情趣，最終促進(jìn)第二語言的學(xué)習(xí)。我們選擇的影片包括《黑天鵝》、《朗讀者》、《克萊默夫婦》、《畢業(yè)生》、《幫助》、《死亡詩社》、《聞香識女人》、《美國麗人》等，它們大都與時(shí)代同步，反映時(shí)代脈搏，與大學(xué)生的生活貼近。還有根據(jù)名著、名劇改編的《時(shí)時(shí)刻刻》、《芝加哥》等探索人生的電影，引人思考。電視節(jié)目《中央公園》、《高端訪談》和《精神病人》涉及人與自然的關(guān)系、聯(lián)合國改革以及醫(yī)療體制的弊病及改革，這些內(nèi)容有助于開闊學(xué)生的視野，會使他們產(chǎn)生發(fā)自內(nèi)心的學(xué)習(xí)熱情和學(xué)習(xí)動力。 二、選材強(qiáng)調(diào)知識性 當(dāng)今的大學(xué)生不同以往，現(xiàn)代社會對他們的要求也比以往高得多，而且是多元的

6、。只懂外語而缺乏對其他領(lǐng)域知識的掌握已經(jīng)落后于時(shí)代的要求。2000年《大綱》提到21世紀(jì)英語專業(yè)人才應(yīng)具備的五個特征之一就是寬廣的知識面。這些知識指的是英語專業(yè)知識（即文學(xué)、語言、國情文化）和相關(guān)專業(yè)知識（如外交、金融、法律、科技等學(xué)科的知識）。但目前，許多課程的教學(xué)內(nèi)容中普遍缺少其他相關(guān)學(xué)科的知識。為了擴(kuò)展學(xué)生的知識面，我們增添了電視節(jié)目，電視節(jié)目比電影知識性強(qiáng)，信息量大，涉及面廣，學(xué)生可以在短時(shí)間內(nèi)獲得大量信息，學(xué)習(xí)各領(lǐng)域的知識。我們這里選擇了三個節(jié)目，通過學(xué)習(xí)這些內(nèi)容，學(xué)生可以了解和掌握環(huán)境、醫(yī)療體制、聯(lián)合國（國際組織）等方面的知識及詞匯。這在一定程度上彌補(bǔ)了視聽說課程相關(guān)學(xué)科知識不足的

7、缺陷。 三、題材和體裁注重多元化 我們認(rèn)為，不斷變換題材才是保護(hù)和保證學(xué)生興趣的手段。我們選擇的題材涉及范圍廣泛，包括家庭、教育、代溝、同性戀、艾滋病、種族、環(huán)境、聯(lián)合國、醫(yī)療體制、希望、名利場和腐敗、中年危機(jī)等。我們的體裁也較多元化，除了電影這一種藝術(shù)形式外，我們還選擇了電視節(jié)目，其中有著名紀(jì)錄片《精神病人》和電視節(jié)目《高端訪談》等?！毒癫∪恕酚擅绹麑?dǎo)演邁克爾摩爾（Michael Moore）執(zhí)導(dǎo)制作，它抨擊美國醫(yī)療體制的弊端并期冀改革。麥克爾詼諧、犀利、大膽，以紀(jì)錄片的形式揭露美國現(xiàn)行社會尖銳問題而著名。從中學(xué)生可以了解美國醫(yī)療體制的現(xiàn)狀并反思中國醫(yī)療體制。中國中央電視臺著名

8、主持人水均益，他的英語發(fā)音準(zhǔn)確，字句使用恰當(dāng)，表現(xiàn)得沉著、自信、敏銳。他主持的節(jié)目《高端訪談》收視率很高，受到廣大觀眾的喜愛和關(guān)注。電視節(jié)目的特點(diǎn)是內(nèi)容生動，形式新穎，緊跟時(shí)代節(jié)奏，提供最新信息，可以激發(fā)學(xué)生的強(qiáng)烈好奇心和求知欲。 四、以學(xué)生為中心 現(xiàn)代語言教學(xué)的走向是以學(xué)生為中心，教師為主導(dǎo)，教師引導(dǎo)學(xué)生積極地、主動地、獨(dú)立地去完成學(xué)習(xí)的全過程。教材應(yīng)該具有啟發(fā)性、引導(dǎo)性，而不是傳統(tǒng)的知識存儲所。 認(rèn)知理論認(rèn)為，英語學(xué)習(xí)的過程是新舊語言知識不斷結(jié)合的過程，也是語言能力從理論知識轉(zhuǎn)化為自動應(yīng)用的過程，而這種結(jié)合與轉(zhuǎn)化都必須通過學(xué)生的自身活動才能得以實(shí)現(xiàn)。以學(xué)生為中心符合語言學(xué)習(xí)的規(guī)律。因

9、此，教師與學(xué)生的角色發(fā)生了很大的變化，教師由原來知識的輸出者變成學(xué)生的引導(dǎo)者和協(xié)調(diào)者；學(xué)生由聽講者變成自覺的學(xué)習(xí)者和研究者。 以學(xué)生為中心是一種新的教學(xué)模式，而教材又必須體現(xiàn)教學(xué)思想和教學(xué)模式。首先，這種教學(xué)模式要體現(xiàn)在整套教材的內(nèi)容選擇和編排上。內(nèi)容的選擇和編排要順應(yīng)學(xué)習(xí)者的學(xué)習(xí)過程，即內(nèi)容要由淺入深，由熟悉到不熟悉，而且又有內(nèi)在的連貫性。其次，這種教學(xué)模式還要體現(xiàn)在教材每一單元課前、課堂和課下的語言活動設(shè)計(jì)中。課前學(xué)生是自覺的學(xué)習(xí)者。他們要按教學(xué)計(jì)劃觀看影片或電視節(jié)目，然后分小組活動，組內(nèi)成員進(jìn)行分工合作，按照每人分配的不同任務(wù)分別到圖書館或網(wǎng)上查找相關(guān)的資料。最后，小組成員再一起討論。

10、教師的任務(wù)則是給予引導(dǎo)，比如，如何觀看影片，如何進(jìn)行思考，如何提出問題，如何查詢資料等。課上學(xué)生是主要的參與者，學(xué)生需要輪流口述對影片或電視節(jié)目某一方面的評論。每一位學(xué)生講述之后，其他同學(xué)向這位講述者提出相關(guān)問題，講述者要為此做好充分準(zhǔn)備。教師在課堂上是協(xié)調(diào)者，保證每一位學(xué)生都有講話的機(jī)會，都有運(yùn)用語言的機(jī)會。課后，學(xué)生將口述評論寫成文，教師進(jìn)行批改并提出建議。教師最后根據(jù)學(xué)生課前、課堂表現(xiàn)和文章的水平給予一個綜合分?jǐn)?shù)作為本周成績。 以學(xué)生為中心的教學(xué)模式就是把大部分時(shí)間給學(xué)生，讓學(xué)生有更多的機(jī)會在課上和課下進(jìn)行語言運(yùn)用，以達(dá)到外語教學(xué)的最終目的。 五、語言活動的設(shè)計(jì)具有啟發(fā)性 英語專業(yè)

11、教材不僅僅要著眼于知識的傳授，還要有助于學(xué)生的鑒賞能力、批判能力、思維能力和創(chuàng)新能力的培養(yǎng)。因此，教材只提供語言事實(shí)是不夠的，這些是死的東西，無法培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的思維和創(chuàng)新能力。那么，語言活動的設(shè)計(jì)就十分關(guān)鍵。我們設(shè)計(jì)的語言活動（課前、課堂、和課后的練習(xí)）都試圖培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的批判能力和思維能力。語言活動應(yīng)是一個過程，在這個過程中學(xué)生既是導(dǎo)演又是演員，他們需要對該活動進(jìn)行分析、設(shè)計(jì)、編排、組織，直到最后實(shí)施。這樣一個過程可以激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)熱情和主動精神，也可以開啟他們的聰明智慧，培養(yǎng)他們的思考能力和創(chuàng)新能力。 六、注重培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的科研能力 《大綱》明確提出課堂教學(xué)要注重培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)能力和科研能力，同時(shí)

12、也明確要求現(xiàn)代英語教學(xué)應(yīng)注重培養(yǎng)學(xué)生利用圖書館、網(wǎng)絡(luò)獲取知識的能力，以適應(yīng)新世紀(jì)的需求。要想真正成為獨(dú)立的研究者，學(xué)生需要學(xué)習(xí)如何使用圖書館，如何利用網(wǎng)絡(luò)來獲取知識。為培養(yǎng)學(xué)生獨(dú)立研究的能力，視聽說課程增添了科研內(nèi)容，要求學(xué)生在觀看影片或電視節(jié)目之后走進(jìn)圖書館，訪問網(wǎng)站，尋找自己所需的資料，為小組討論和課堂演講尋找依據(jù)。這種科研體驗(yàn)為學(xué)生將來的獨(dú)立學(xué)習(xí)和獨(dú)立工作打下了良好的基礎(chǔ)。 七、創(chuàng)造實(shí)踐機(jī)會，實(shí)現(xiàn)視、聽、說三位一體 《大綱》要求培養(yǎng)組織能力、實(shí)踐能力、創(chuàng)新能力。外語教學(xué)的目標(biāo)就是將課堂中學(xué)到的語言技能運(yùn)用到實(shí)踐中。教材是為教學(xué)服務(wù)的，它是通向教學(xué)目標(biāo)的橋梁。那么，教材就應(yīng)該有實(shí)踐的內(nèi)

13、容。實(shí)踐內(nèi)容不同于某一課后的語言活動，它是一個完整的、大型的項(xiàng)目，它需要學(xué)生們走出校門，在社會實(shí)踐中運(yùn)用掌握的英語語言，運(yùn)用電視節(jié)目主持人的采訪技巧，就某一主題采訪以英語為母語的外國人。在這樣的實(shí)踐活動中，檢驗(yàn)自己的語言能力、知識面和采訪能力，同時(shí)也鍛煉自己的交際能力、組織能力和創(chuàng)新能力，實(shí)現(xiàn)語言訓(xùn)練的視、聽、說三位一體。有位學(xué)生感慨地說：“這樣的實(shí)踐活動是我從未體驗(yàn)過的，我第一次將所學(xué)的知識運(yùn)用到實(shí)踐中，它不僅檢驗(yàn)了我的語言水平，同時(shí)也培養(yǎng)了我的合作精神、組織能力和交往能力?！? 主編：王鎮(zhèn)平 2013年5月 使用說明 本書是《高級英語視聽說（第二版）》的教師用書，為使用

14、該教材的高校教師提供參考。我們希望教師用書帶給您的是思路的開拓而不是思維的局限，因?yàn)槟湍膶W(xué)生在探討問題的過程中必定會有更廣泛、更深刻的理解。 教學(xué)目的及教學(xué)要求已經(jīng)在學(xué)生用書中詳細(xì)講述，就不再贅言。這里只對本書的內(nèi)容作出說明： 本書的綜合導(dǎo)視思考題答案是根據(jù)我們的理解得出的，您和學(xué)生的理解也許與本書答案不同，那是完全有可能的，對此不必有任何擔(dān)心和顧慮，也不必強(qiáng)求一個答案。我們的重點(diǎn)本來就不在于選擇了哪個答案，而在于啟發(fā)學(xué)生的思想，開拓學(xué)生的思路，挖掘?qū)W生的思想深度。在研究性語言活動（Research Activities）部分也是如此。關(guān)于影片或問題的每一個方面，我們只提供了一部分內(nèi)容

15、而不是全部。每一個方面都有幾個側(cè)面，學(xué)生從哪個側(cè)面展開都可以。鼓勵學(xué)生講述時(shí)注重一個側(cè)面進(jìn)行深入探討和挖掘，不要全面講述，全面講述的結(jié)果是對每個問題的研究都只停留在表面，不能提高學(xué)生深入思考分析的能力。 測試是評價(jià)教學(xué)效果和學(xué)生表現(xiàn)的重要手段，下面我們將詳細(xì)介紹本課程在北京外國語大學(xué)開課時(shí)采用的測試方法，供任課教師參考。 總評成績分配比例： 為了不把期末考試作為衡量學(xué)生水平的唯一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，我們將總評成績分為70%（平時(shí)對電影、電視節(jié)目的分析和討論）、10%（項(xiàng)目）和20%（期末考試）三部分。從比例上看，我們的重點(diǎn)放在平時(shí)成績，這是為了讓學(xué)生重視日常的學(xué)習(xí)和練習(xí)，淡化期末考試的分量，同時(shí)也避免

16、出現(xiàn)某些學(xué)生因一次考試失誤，而無法體現(xiàn)在整個學(xué)期中所付出的努力的情況。 考試內(nèi)容及方法： 考試內(nèi)容是針對一個電視節(jié)目的主題做演講。教師先提供一些電視節(jié)目，學(xué)生從中選擇自己感興趣的節(jié)目來準(zhǔn)備。電視節(jié)目的長短在20至40分鐘左右，節(jié)目需要有一個可供討論的主題。 考試要求學(xué)生根據(jù)節(jié)目的主題做一個三分鐘左右的演講。演講的前半部分需要簡單介紹節(jié)目的內(nèi)容，檢查學(xué)生的敘述能力；后半部分闡述對問題的看法，這部分是考查重點(diǎn)，檢查學(xué)生分析問題的能力；演講之后學(xué)生須準(zhǔn)備回答教師提出的2到3個相關(guān)問題，這是為了檢查學(xué)生即席闡述觀點(diǎn)的能力和語言表達(dá)能力。 通常教師在考試前兩周告訴學(xué)生可從中選擇的電視節(jié)目范圍以及

17、考試要求，并把這些節(jié)目輸入小型局域網(wǎng)，學(xué)生可以在開放時(shí)間內(nèi)隨時(shí)觀看。我們建議準(zhǔn)備10個左右的電視節(jié)目，要求每個學(xué)生挑選其中兩個最感興趣的節(jié)目進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)備?？荚嚂r(shí)只需要考核一個節(jié)目，考核哪一個由教師來決定。 我們衷心希望《高級英語視聽說（第二版）》教師用書給您帶來幫助。希望您在教授時(shí)感到得心應(yīng)手。同時(shí)希望聽到您和您的學(xué)生真誠的建議和意見。 主編：王鎮(zhèn)平 2013年5月 Contents Acknowledgements Unit 1 Black Swan Unit 2 The Graduate Unit 3 Kramer vs. Kramer Unit 4 Sicko

18、 Unit 5 Dead Poets Society Unit 6 The Help Unit 7 The Reader Unit 8 American Beauty Project Information Interview Unit 9 Philadelphia Unit 10 The Shawshank Redemption Unit 11 Top Talk (An Interview with Kofi Annan) Unit 12 Scent of a Woman Unit 13 The Hours Unit 14 Central Par

19、k Unit 15 One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest Unit 16 Chicago Unit 1 Black Swan (2010) II. Questions for Thoughts The following answers are given only for reference, and the students are encouraged to present their own understandings of or opinions on these questions. 1. Who is Nina? What ha

20、s Nina been dreaming about? What is it on Nina’s back that attracts her mother’s attention? Nina is a dedicated ballerina with a prestigious New York City ballet company. The night before the audition for Swan Lake, Nina has a dream in which Rothbart casts the spell and turns her, Princess Odette,

21、into the White Swan. Later that morning, when shes standing in front of the mirror, her mother notices the "scratches" on Ninas back. Though Nina dismisses it as nothing but "rash", her mom looks worried because later as she says, she knows Nina has the habit of scratching herself when under pressur

22、e. 2. Who is Thomas? Why does the ballet company want to start a new season of Swan Lake? What is the story of Swan Lake? What sort of a soloist dancer is Thomas looking for? Thomas is the companys art director of Swan Lake. Since the former soloist dancer of Swan Lake has been dancing for too lon

23、g a time to keep the grip of the audience, the company plans to force her into retirement and present to the audience a new face to lead a new season of Swan Lake. In the story of Swan Lake, an innocent princess, Odette, is trapped by Rothbart into the shape of a White Swan, and only true love from

24、the prince can break the spell and set her free. However, when the prince is about to declare his love for Odette, her lustful twin, the Black Swan Odile, tricks and seduces the prince, and Odette, the White Swan, in her desperation jumps off the cliff and in death finds her freedom. Thomas, the dir

25、ector, wants to find a new Swan Queen to play the dual roles of the White and the Black Swans. 3. Who is Beth? What does Nina do after seeing Beth leaving her dressing room? Why does she do so? Beth is the former Swan Queen who is forced out of stage by the company. Nina admires Beths role as Swan

26、 Queen so much that after seeing Beth leaving the dressing room, she steps in and takes Beths lipstick. What she does is out of her strong desire to be a Swan Queen as perfect as Beth once was. 4. What does the morning audition mean to Nina? How does she feel about the failure in her Odile’s coda?

27、How does Thomas comment on her dancing? Ninas dedication and perfect technique make her one of the best dancers in the company. For all the years, shes been driven by the dream to be a perfect ballet dancer, and the audition is a once-in-a-life-time chance to elevate her from an ordinary ballerina

28、to a featured dancer. Ninas failure in the Odile’s coda leaves her completely devastated. As Thomas later explains, Ninas perfect dancing technique and her fearful and fragile style make her an ideal choice for the White Swan; however, due to her obsession with perfection, her strong sense of discip

29、line and self-control, theres no chance for her to portray the destructive and seductive Black Swan. 5. What does Nina see on her way home that disturbs her so much? What does it indicate? After the audition, Nina is walking home, devastated. Then all of a sudden, she sees an attractive girl in bl

30、ack coming to her direction and when the girl slips by, Nina takes a glimpse and sees a face exactly like her own but with a strange wild smile, which gives her quite a start. What Nina imagines to see gives us a hint that the pressure has become so unbearable for Nina that her mind, while unable to

31、 seek a normal way out, starts to produce hallucinations. 6. How does Nina come to Thomas the next morning and ask for the part of Swan Queen? Why does Thomas force a kiss on Nina? How does Nina respond to it? Loosing her hair down, wearing pretty white dress and thick lipstick, Nina comes to Thom

32、as’ office. Nina pleads to Thomas for a chance to play the Swan Queen and assures Thomas that she can finish the coda, the hardest technical part for the Black Swan. Yet, Thomas emphases that Nina lacks the spirit of letting go for the role of Black Swan. Disappointed, Nina turns to the door. Right

33、at that moment, Thomas forces a kiss on her. The director is making a last attempt to test her potential. Nina is shocked by the sudden attack and bites Thomas, who is equally shocked by such a strong instinct. 7. Why does Thomas choose Nina for the role of Swan Queen? How does Thomas view Nina’s r

34、esponse to his kiss? It is Ninas strong reaction to his forced kiss that changes the directors mind. Thomas sees in that bite a different Nina, wild, aggressive, and full of self-assurance, all of which are the demands of dancing the Black Swan. 8. How does Nina’s mother celebrate her daughter’s w

35、inning of the new role? How does her mother respond when Nina feels reluctant to eat the big piece of cake? Why does Nina change to say that she loves the cake again? To celebrate her winning of the audition, Ninas mom prepares a cake of vanilla flavor with strawberry filling, which she claims to b

36、e Ninas favorite. However, Nina shows obvious reluctance to try the big piece of cake, and her mom feels annoyed by the daughter’s ungratefulness. She claims coldly that she should throw the whole cake into garbage if Nina doesnt appreciate her way of celebration. Nina, for fear of making her mom un

37、happy, immediately puts on a smile and assures her mom that she loves the cake as she always does. 9. Who is Lily? How is she different from Nina in terms of her personality and appearance? What does Thomas say about her dancing? Lily is a dancer from San Francisco whos recruited by the company to

38、 play a part in Swan Lake. Her sexy make-up, seductive tattoo, care-free style and vigorous personality present a sharp contrast to the fearful, fragile, self-controlled Nina who cautiously observes all the rules of perfection. Lily follows nothing but her own passion and desire. Therefore, as Thoma

39、s says, Lily may not be able to dance like Nina with perfect techniques, but her moves are effortless, impulsive, and therefore attractive. 10. What happens to Nina’s nail while Thomas is announcing Nina as a new star to the guests of the company? What does Nina find when she is trying to clean the

40、 nail in the bathroom? Why? When Nina is presented by Thomas to the companys distinguished guests as the new Swan Queen, she sees her nail bleeding. Later she goes to the bathroom trying to clean it up and peel off the bleeding skin, but to her surprise, a second later she finds her finger in perfe

41、ct condition. In fact, all the blood and the pain are out of her hallucination. As Nina is more strained by the role of Swan Queen, her hallucination is escalated to such a level that it starts to arouse her sense of physical pain. The bleeding may also indicate Ninas painful transformation from a d

42、isciplined and fragile self into a dark and destructive other. 11. Why does Nina feel uneasy when meeting Lily? How does she feel when seeing Beth in the lobby? With her own passion and desire being suppressed for too long a time, Nina only feels uneasy and cornered by the presence of the care-fre

43、e Lily. Moreover, Thomas admires Lilys dancing and thus Nina takes Lily as her rival and thus feels more threatened by Lily. Nina shows sympathy to Beth when confronting her in the lobby. Beth viciously accuses her of seducing the director. Nina is embarrassed by the groundless accusation but shes n

44、ot tough enough to defend herself. 12. Why does Thomas leave Nina the assignment of touching herself at home? How does that relate to her role of Swan Queen? The ultimate concern for Thomas is to bend Nina and mold her into the Black Swan so that she can be a Swan Queen even more successful than B

45、eth. To push Nina to embody the dark impulse and sexuality of the Black Swan, he asks Nina to touch herself because he believes this can help Nina arouse the lustful other self, and thus achieve the transcendence from a White Swan to a Black Swan. As an ambitious art director, all Thomas cares is th

46、e success of the show and he uses sexual seduction as a way to manipulate the mind and emotion of his dancer so that she can be made into a perfect Swan Queen. 13. What brings her to an abrupt stop at touching herself in the morning? What is Nina afraid of? Early next morning, when Nina is touchin

47、g herself as suggested by Thomas, she suddenly sees her mom sleeping on the couch right beside her bed and that brings an abrupt stop at her attempt. For all the years, Ninas mom is always by her side, trying to bring her up as a perfect little girl always depending on moms care and instruction. Nin

48、a has been reduced to an infant who cannot freely grow up into her full self and as moms sweet little girl, Nina is so afraid of her moms watchful eyes and so scared by the idea of breaking the rule of perfection that she has been held for years. 14. What happens to Beth? What is Thomas’s attitude

49、toward her? How does the incident affect Nina? Feeling abandoned, Beth walks to the street, gets hit by a car, and her legs are seriously injured. Thomas feels sure that Beth does it on purpose because she always acts out of a destructive impulse. Nina is quite shocked and feels guilty for taking t

50、he role from Beth. Though Thomas assures Nina it has nothing to do with her and she should not get distracted by the tragic incident, the guilt of destroying Beth and the fear of being later destroyed by someone else still adds up the pressure on Nina. 15. In their late hour practice, how does Thom

51、as inspire Nina through action and words? Does Nina think Thomas is a brilliant teacher? Why or why not? Thomas picks up the role of the prince to show Nina how to be seductive and dominant while dancing the Black Swan. At first, Nina moves stiffly and nervously, but soon she starts to respond to T

52、homas’ seductive words, touches and kisses. Nina cries for her slow improvement, and she believes Thomas is a brilliant teacher. Thomas is harsh and tender, strict and helpful, making efforts to mobilize her full potential, helping her achieving real perfection on stage, and thus make her dream come

53、 true. 16. Nina has been feeling frustrated at not able to perform well the Black Swan. What happens to Nina when she is taking a bath? What does Nina finally see in her mirror? Why is Nina being haunted by the dark figure of her other self? Back at home, Nina is taking a bath and she starts to to

54、uch herself again, trying to follow the directors suggestion to let go of herself. When she immerses herself into the water and opens her eyes, she sees drops of blood dripping from above and suddenly, she sees her other self showing up right above her, giving a scary and evil grin at her. Jumping o

55、ut of the water, Nina sees blood on two of her fingers. When getting out of the tub, Nina sees in the mirror the bleeding scratches on her back, and she starts to cut off her nails but only to see her vicious other self again in the mirror, staring at her with hatred. 17. Why is Nina’s mom so conce

56、rned about Nina’s career? How would you describe the relationship between the mom and the daughter? Ninas mom is once a ballerina who also dreams to be a star dancer. But then she falls in love with her director, gives birth to her daughter, Nina, and that brings an end to her career. Ninas mom wan

57、ts Nina to achieve what she fails to achieve at a young age. However, the moms high expectation and possessive control lead to an unbridgeable distance between the two of them. 18. How does the evening at the night bar affect Nina? Why does Nina fantasize with Lily in her room? How does Nina feel a

58、bout herself sexually and emotionally? Nina resents her mom’s control and to show protest, she accepts Lilys invitation to go out to the night bar for fun. The evening soon turns out to be a dramatic adventure for Nina. Being pushed by Lily, she starts to try drugs, flirt with guys and indulge hers

59、elf with wild movements on the disco dance floor. While coming back home, Nina, under the impact of drugs, has a fantasy about having sex with Lily, out of which she has experienced for the first time the ultimate sexual and emotional pleasure and freedom. For a time being, she sees Lilys face sudde

60、nly turn into her other self. This sudden shift of her fantasy indicates how Lily is taken by Nina’s sub-consciousness as someone resembling her suppressed other self. When whispering "sweet girl" into her face, her other self finally emerges to confront her and that seems to indicate a self-awakeni

61、ng moment when her sub-conscious other side of mind is fully aroused. 19. In the next mornings stage rehearsal, does Nina perform differently from previous days? How can you tell? Why does Nina throw away all her stuffed animals when getting home? Ninas dancing in the next morning is no longer fri

62、gid and mechanical. For the first time, she smiles a hearty smile and for the first time, Thomas gives her an encouraging gesture, and later tells Nina her performance in that morning is a breakthrough. However, Nina is still deeply worried about the premier. Out of deep fear and anxiety, she convin

63、ces herself that Lily drugs her on purpose so that she can take advantage of her being late for the practice. Lying in bed, she is at first lost in thought, then suddenly knocks the music box off the bedside table and finally jumps up and throws all her stuffed animals into the garbage. While doing

64、so, Nina appears no longer as her moms sweet little girl, but a grown-up adult with full power and strong determination to exert control of her own life. 20. Why does Nina feel so upset when knowing Lily is picked as her alternate? How does Thomas respond to Nina’s pleading at Lily as her alternate

65、? Why does Nina see that Thomas is having sex with Lily? What is she actually scared of? Nina takes Lily as her rival who has plotted all the time to steal from her the role of Swan Queen, and even worse, she believes it is all personal and Lily is out there to destroy her. When she gets very upset

66、 and goes to persuade Thomas to change his mind, Thomas assures her that its a common practice to have an alternate and she should be confident and focused on the performance instead of worrying too much. He also suggests she should take some rest that night. However, Nina stays late, dancing and practicing. Still, shes haunted by the idea of Lily stealing her role by winning Thomas favor. This fear can be seen from her hallucination of seeing Lily having sex