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1、2014年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試（遼寧卷） 英 語 第二部分閱讀理解 （共兩節(jié)，滿分60分） 第一節(jié) （共15小題;每小題3分，滿分45分） 閱讀下列短文 ，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng) （A 、B 、C 和 D ）中 ，選出最佳選項(xiàng) ，并在題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。 A A new study shows students who write notes by hand during lectures perform better on exams than those who use laptops（筆記本電腦）. Studen

2、ts are increasingly using laptops for note-taking because of speed and legibility（清晰度）. But the research has found laptop users are less able to remember and apply the concepts they have been taught. Researchers performed experiments that aimed to find out whether using a laptop increased the tende

3、ncy to make notes “mindlessly” by taking down word for word what the professors said. In the first experiment, students were given either a laptop or pen and paper. They listened to the same lectures and were told to use their usual note-taking skills. Thirty minutes after the talk, they were exami

4、ned on their ability to remember facts and on how well they understood concepts. The researchers found that laptop users took twice as many notes as those who wrote by hand. However, the typists performed worse at remembering and applying the concepts. Both groups scored similarly when it came to m

5、emorizing facts. The researchers’ report said, “While more notes arc beneficial, if the notes are taken mindlessly, as is more likely the case on a laptop, the benefit disappears.” In another experiment aimed at testing long-term memory, students took notes as before but were tested a week after t

6、he lecture. This time, the students who wrote notes by hand performed significantly better on the exam. These two experiments suggest that handwritten notes arc not only better for immediate learning and understanding, but that they also lead to superior revision in the future. 21. More and more s

7、tudents favor laptops for note-taking because they can . A. write more notes B. digest concepts better C. get higher scores D. understand lectures better 22. While taking notes, laptop users tend to be . A. skillful B. mindless C. thoughtful D. tireless 23. The author of the passag

8、e aims to . A. examine the importance of long-term memory B. stress the benefit of taking notes by hand C. explain the process of taking notes D. promote the use of laptops 24. The passage is likely to appear in . A. a newspaper advertisement B. a computer textbook C. a scie

9、nce magazine D. a finance report 【考點(diǎn)】考察科普知識(shí)類閱讀 【文章大意】作者在本文中講述了一次實(shí)驗(yàn):使用筆記本電腦記筆記和手動(dòng)記筆記的學(xué)生進(jìn)行對(duì)比。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)手動(dòng)記筆記的學(xué)生表現(xiàn)更好，告訴我們需要進(jìn)行手動(dòng)記筆記，而不是使用電腦。 21.【答案】A 【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句Students are increasingly using laptops for note-taking because of speed and legibility（清晰度）.可知學(xué)生越來越多使用電腦記筆記是因?yàn)樗俣群颓逦?。也就是說使用筆記本電腦記筆記速度更

10、快，可以記錄更多的內(nèi)容。故A正確。 22. 【答案】B 【試題解析】推理題。根據(jù)第三段Researchers performed experiments that aimed to find out whether using a laptop increased the tendency to make notes “mindlessly” by taking down word for word what the professors said. 研究人們做實(shí)驗(yàn)是為了發(fā)現(xiàn)使用筆記本電腦記筆記是否會(huì)讓人處于一種無意識(shí)的狀態(tài)之中，只是機(jī)械地輸入。而實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果說明用筆記本記錄的學(xué)生表現(xiàn)不如使

11、用鋼筆記錄的人。說明使用筆記本記錄的確會(huì)讓人有mindless的感覺。故B正確。 23. 【答案】B 【試題解析】推理題。根據(jù)文章最后一段These two experiments suggest that handwritten notes arc not only better for immediate learning and understanding, but that they also lead to superior revision in the future.可知手動(dòng)記筆記對(duì)于短期長(zhǎng)期記憶都有好處，也就說本文強(qiáng)調(diào)我們需要進(jìn)行手動(dòng)記筆記，而不是使用電腦。故B正確。

12、24. 【答案】C 【試題解析】推理題。本文通過講述一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)論告訴我們手動(dòng)記筆記對(duì)于短期長(zhǎng)期記憶都有好處，學(xué)生的表現(xiàn)比使用電腦記筆記更好。不會(huì)是廣告，電腦教科書也不會(huì)是金融報(bào)告，這屬于教學(xué)類的科學(xué)研究。故C正確。 【長(zhǎng)難句解析】 1.A new study shows students who write notes by hand during lectures perform better on exams than those who use laptops。 【翻譯】一項(xiàng)新的研究顯示上課時(shí)手動(dòng)寫筆記的學(xué)生在考試中要比使用筆記本電腦的學(xué)生表現(xiàn)更好。 【分析】本句中動(dòng)詞sho

13、w后面賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞that被省略了，這個(gè)賓語從句中含有定語從句who write notes by hand during lectures修飾students；另外一個(gè)定語從句who use laptops修飾those。 2.These two experiments suggest that handwritten notes are not only better for immediate learning and understanding, but that they also lead to superior revision in the future. 【翻譯】這兩

14、個(gè)使用都說明手動(dòng)寫筆記不僅對(duì)于即時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)和理解有好處，而且會(huì)導(dǎo)致未來的表現(xiàn)更好。 【分析】本句中的動(dòng)詞suggest表示“說明，暗示”，并不是“建議”；另外句中的賓語從句that handwritten notes are not only better for immediate learning and understanding, but that they also lead to superior revision in the future.較長(zhǎng)，謂語部分是有not only…but also…連接。 B (Q = Question; A = Answer) Situatio

15、n I Q: If someone sits right next to me in an empty movie theater, is it rude to move? A: Maybe, but nobody will fault you for it. Chances are that the close sitter doesn’t realize he disturbs you, so he may miss your annoyance. You undoubtedly aren’t the first person he’s met who needs enough roo

16、m. Forgive his bad judgment, move quietly and enjoy the show. Situation II Q: If 1 use the bathroom at a store, do I need to buy something? A: Consider frequency and urgency. Is this a one-time thing or an emergency? If so, you don’t have to buy anything, but it would be kind if you did. However,

17、 if you regularly use the bathroom at this place, then you arc a customer, and you should act like one. Situation III Q: If someone is talking loudly on the bus, is there a nicc way to ask him to keep it down? A: No. Try other means: 1) Stare at him until he gets aware of it and quiets down. 2) L

18、ift your finger in a silence motion（動(dòng)作） and smile. 3) Put on earphones and ignore him. Situation IV Q: If I remember my friend’s birthday a day late, should I apologize or just wish her a happy birthday like nothing happened? A: This is the reason why the word belated was invented. “Happy belated

19、 birthday!” is short for: “Well. I know I forgot, but then I remembered. Forgive me and happy birthday.” Situation V Q: Can I lie about seeing a text because I was loo busy or lazy to respond to it? A: Don’t lie. Receiving a text does not mean you need to respond(回復(fù)) to it. Why waste a perfectly

20、good lie when the truth will serve? “Yes,” you can say if ever asked, “I saw it.” No explanation is needed as to why you don’t respond. 25. You will get annoyed in a theater when . A. a person is too active B. a person is too rude to you C. a person talks too loudly D. a person sits too cl

21、ose to you 26. How will you quiet someone down in a public place? A. By making fun of him continuously. B. By looking purposefully at him. C. By talking to him directly. D. By pointing angrily at him. 27. The underlined word “belated” in Situation IV probably means . A. prcdictcd B. retur

22、ned C. cancelled D. delayed 28. What is the passage mainly about? A. Modern ways to mind your manners. B. Different ways to change others’ manners. C. Proper manners to offer help to others. D. Good manners to talk to people. 【考點(diǎn)】考察教育類閱讀 【文章大意】本文中列舉了在5種不同的情況下，如何表現(xiàn)得有禮貌的方法。 25. 【答案】D 【試題解析】推

23、理題。根據(jù)Situation I中的Q: If someone sits right next to me in an empty movie theater, is it rude to move?A: Maybe, but nobody will fault you for it. Chances are that the close sitter doesn’t realize he disturbs you?？芍陔娪霸豪铮绻腥俗美砟闾?，這也許會(huì)是一件讓人惱怒的事情。故D正確。 26. 【答案】B 【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)Situation III中的Stare at h

24、im until he gets aware of it and quiets down可知如果一個(gè)人講話聲音太大，你可以瞪著他看，直到他意識(shí)到為止。故B正確。 27. 【答案】D 【試題解析】猜測(cè)詞義題。根據(jù)Situation IV中 If I remember my friend’s birthday a day late, 和This is the reason why the word belated was invented.可知這是在你忘記了對(duì)方的生日之后的補(bǔ)救措施。故該詞應(yīng)該是指“delayed”遲到的，晚來的。故D正確。 28. 【答案】A 【試題解析】主旨大意題。

25、本文中列舉了在5種不同的情況下，如何表現(xiàn)得有禮貌的方法。故A正確。 【長(zhǎng)難句解析】 Chances are that the close sitter doesn’t realize he disturbs you, so he may miss your annoyance. 【翻譯】很有可能那個(gè)坐得較為靠近的人并沒有意識(shí)到你打擾到你了，所以他可能沒有注意到你生氣了。 【分析】本句中有一個(gè)固定句式chances are that…很可能…；另外動(dòng)詞realize后面含有一個(gè)賓語從句he disturbs you。 C Would it surprise you to learn

26、that, like animals, trees communicate with each other and pass on their wealth to the next generation? UBC Professor Simard explains how trees are much more complex than most of us ever imagined. Although Charles Darwin thought that trees arc competing for survival of the fittest, Simard shows just

27、 how wrong he was. In fact, the opposite is true: trees survive through their co-operation and support, passing around necessary nutrition “depending on who needs it”. Nitrogen（氮） and carbon are shared through miles of underground fungi（真菌） networks, making sure that all trees in the forest ecologi

28、cal system give and receive just the right amount to keep them all healthy. This hidden system works in a very similar way to the networks of neurons（神經(jīng)元）in our brains, and when one tree is destroyed, it affects all. Simard talks about “mother trees”, usually the largest and oldest plants on which

29、all other trees depend. She explains how dying trees pass on the wealth to the next generation, transporting important minerals to young trees so they may continue to grow. When humans cut down “mother trees” with no awareness of these highly complex “tree societies” or the networks on which they fe

30、ed, we are reducing the chances of survival for the entire forest. “We didn’t take any notice of it.” Simard says sadly. “Dying trees move nutrition into the young trees before dying, but we never give them chance.” If we could put across the message to the forestry industry, we could make a huge d

31、ifference towards our environmental protection efforts for the future. 29. The underlined sentence “the opposite is true” in Paragraph 2 probably means that trees . A. compete for survival B. protect their own wealth C. depend on each other D. provide support for dying trees 30. “Mother trees”

32、 are extremely important because they . A. look the largest in size in the forest B. pass on nutrition to young trees C. seem more likely to be cut down by humans D. know more about the complex “tree societies” 31. The underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refers to . A. how “

33、tree societies” work B. how trees grow old C. how forestry industry develops D. how young trees survive 32. What would be the best title for the passage? A. Old Trees Communicate Like Humans B. Young Trees Are In Need Of Protection C. Trees Are More Awesome Thart You Think D. Trees Contribut

34、e To Our Society 【考點(diǎn)】考察科普知識(shí)類閱讀 【文章大意】本文主要講述了森立的樹木會(huì)通過“tree societies”把自己的財(cái)富交給下一代。并詳細(xì)說明了這一發(fā)現(xiàn)的具體內(nèi)容。 29. 【答案】C 【試題解析】推理題。根據(jù)本句Although Charles Darwin thought that trees arc competing for survival of the fittest, Simard shows just how wrong he was. In fact, the opposite is true: 可知達(dá)爾文認(rèn)為樹是相互競(jìng)爭(zhēng)以獲得生存。但是

35、Simard的實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)達(dá)爾文是錯(cuò)誤的。實(shí)際上：與達(dá)爾文的理論相反的觀點(diǎn)是正確的。也就是說樹不是競(jìng)爭(zhēng)生存，而是考相互合作，相互依靠生存下來的。故C正確。 30. 【答案】B 【試題解析】推理題。根據(jù)文章第四段Simard talks about “mother trees”, usually the largest and oldest plants on which all other trees depend.可知“mother trees”通常都是其他的樹依賴的大樹，它承擔(dān)這向小樹輸送養(yǎng)料的作用。ACD三項(xiàng)都是片面的理解。故B正確。 31. 【答案】A 【試題解析】推理題。根據(jù)第

36、四段最后三行和最后一段第一行When humans cut down “mother trees” with no awareness of these highly complex “tree societies” or the networks on which they feed, we are reducing the chances of survival for the entire forest. “We didn’t take any notice of it.”當(dāng)人們意識(shí)不到這種復(fù)雜的“tree societies”情況下砍倒了mother trees，我們就減少了整個(gè)森林

37、幸存的機(jī)會(huì)。最后一段第一句中的it就是指complex “tree societies”。故A正確。 32. 【答案】C 【試題解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章主題段第一段Would it surprise you to learn that, like animals, trees communicate with each other and pass on their wealth to the next generation?可知樹和動(dòng)物一樣，能夠把自己的財(cái)富交個(gè)下一代。這比人們?cè)瓉淼目捶ㄍ耆灰粯?，樹比我們認(rèn)為地更聰明。故C正確。 【長(zhǎng)難句解析】 UBC Professor Si

38、mard explains how trees are much more complex than most of us ever imagined. 【翻譯】UBC的教授Simard樹木要比我我們很多人想象得還要復(fù)雜。 【分析】本節(jié)中的動(dòng)詞explain后面含有一個(gè)how引導(dǎo)的賓語從句how trees are much more complex than most of us ever imagined.這個(gè)從句中有一個(gè)比較從句most of us ever imagined。 D Travis is the manager of G&G where he is responsi

39、ble for forty employees（雇員） and profits (利潤) of over $2 million per year. He’s never late to work. He does not get upset on the job. When one of his employees started crying after a customer screamed at her, Travis took her away. “Your working uniform is your shelter,” he told her. “Nothing anyone s

40、ays will ever hurt you. You will always be as strong as you want to be.” Travis picked up that lecture in one of his G&G training courses, an education program that began on his first day and continues throughout an employee’s occupation. The training has, Travis says, changed his life. G&G has tau

41、ght him how to live, how to focus, how to get to work on time, and how to master his emotions（情緒）. Most importantly, it taught him willpower. At the center of that education is an extreme focus on an all-important habit: willpower. Dozens of cases show that willpower is the single most important ha

42、bit for a person s success. And the best way to strengthen willpower is to make it into a habit. “Sometimes it looks like people with great self-control aren’t working hard—but that’s because they’ve made it automatic,” Angela Duckworth, one of the University of Pennsylvania researchers said. “Thei

43、r willpower occurs without them having to think about it.” The company spent millions of dollars developing programs of study to train employees on self-control. Managers wrote workbooks that serve as guides to how to make willpower a habit in workers’ lives. Those courses are, in part, why G&G has

44、 grown from a sleepy company into a large one with more than seventeen thousand stores and profits of more than $10 billion a year. 33. We learn from Paragraph 2 that employees in G&G must . A. learn to give lectures B. attend education programs C. design a working uniform D. develop a comm

45、on hobby 34. Willpower will become a habit when employees can . A. focus on the profits B. benefit from the job C. protect themselves well D. control their feelings well 35. What can we infer from the passage? A. G&G has grown into a large company. B. G&G will spend half its profits t

46、raining employees. C. G&G may become more successful in the future. D. G&G has to produce more workbooks for managers. 【考點(diǎn)】考察文化教育類閱讀 【文章大意】本文通過G&G的培訓(xùn)課程告訴我們?nèi)说囊庵玖κ俏覀兪欠衲軌蛉〉贸晒Φ年P(guān)鍵。 33. 【答案】B 【試題解析】推理題。根據(jù)文章第二段1,2行Travis picked up that lecture in one of his G&G training courses, an education program

47、 that began on his first day and continues throughout an employee’s occupation.可知G&G的培訓(xùn)課程在新員工入職第一天就開始了，而且在貫穿與員工的工作之中。也就是說G&G的員工都得參加這樣的培訓(xùn)課程。故B正確。 34. 【答案】D 【試題解析】推理題。根據(jù)第三段1,2行And the best way to strengthen willpower is to make it into a habit. “Sometimes it looks like people with great self-contro

48、l aren’t working hard—but that’s because they’ve made it automatic可知加強(qiáng)意志力最好的方法就是讓意志力成為一種習(xí)慣。有時(shí)候有很強(qiáng)自我控制里的人工作并不努力，你是因?yàn)樗麄冞€沒有把自我控制當(dāng)成一種習(xí)慣。也就是說當(dāng)人們能夠很好地控制我們的感情時(shí)，我們就會(huì)讓意志力成為習(xí)慣。我們就能表現(xiàn)得很好。故D正確。 35. 【答案】C 【試題解析】推理題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第一句The company spent millions of dollars developing programs of study to train employee

49、s on self-control.和 最后一句Those courses are, in part, why G&G has grown from a sleepy company into a large one with more than seventeen thousand stores and profits of more than $10 billion a year.可知這家公司在培訓(xùn)員工方面花了很多錢，而且也讓公司發(fā)展得很好，也正是因?yàn)樵趩T工培訓(xùn)方面的投入很大，所以他們可能在未來會(huì)取得更大的成功。故C正確。 【長(zhǎng)難句解析】 And the best way to str

50、engthen willpower is to make it into a habit. 【答案】加強(qiáng)意志力最好的方法就是讓意志力成為一種習(xí)慣。 【分析】在本句中不定式的用法得到了充分的體現(xiàn)。本句中主語the best way后面有不定式to strengthen willpower作為定語來修飾這個(gè)名詞，還可以使用the best way of strengthening willpower。另外本句中的表語to make it into a habit也是一個(gè)不定式，表示具體的一次性的行為。 第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10 分） 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出

51、能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。 Eyesight plays a very important role in our daily life. Every waking moment, the eyes are working to see the world around us. Over forty percent of Americans worry about losing eyesight, but it’s easy to include steps into our daily life to ensure healthy eyes.

52、Here are five suggestions for a lifetime of healthy eyesight: ? Schedule yearly exams. 36 Experts advise parents to bring babies 6 to 12 months of age to the doctor for a careful check. The good news is that millions of children now can have yearly eye exams and following treatment, including ey

53、eglasses. ? Protect against UV rays(紫外線). Long-term stay in the sun creates risk to youreyes. No matter what the season is, it’s extremely important to wear sunglasses. 37 ? Give your eyes a break. Two-thirds of Americans spend up to seven hours a day using computers or other digital products.

54、 38 Experts recommend that people practice the 20/20/20 rule: every 20 minutes, take a 20-second break and look at something 20 feet away. ? 39 As part of a healthy diet, eat more fruits and vegetables each day. Vitamins(維生素) C and E help protect eyesight and promote eye health. ? Practice s

55、afe wear and care of contact lenses（隱形眼鏡）. Many Americans use contact lenses to improve their eyesight. While some follow the medical guidance for wearing contact lenses, many are breaking the rules and putting their eyesight at risk. 40 Otherwise, you may have problems such as red eyes, pain in

56、 the eyes, or a more serious condition. A. Eat your greens. B. Eye care should begin early in life. C. They can properly protect your eyes. D. Stay in good shape by taking more vitamins. E. Parents usually don’t cane about their own eyesight. F. Always follow the doctor’s advice for appropriat

57、e wear. G. This frequent eye activity increases the risk for eye tiredness. 36. 【答案】B 【試題解析】本段的標(biāo)題是Schedule yearly exams安排每年都檢查眼睛。橫線下一句：Experts advise parents to bring babies 6 to 12 months of age to the doctor for a careful check.可知專家建議父母親在6-12個(gè)月的時(shí)候就帶著孩子去進(jìn)行眼部檢查。也就說眼部檢查要盡可能地早進(jìn)行。故B正確。 37. 【答案】C

58、 【試題解析】長(zhǎng)時(shí)間地在強(qiáng)烈的陽光下，都會(huì)傷害到我們的眼睛。所以不管是什么季節(jié)，我們都要佩戴太陽鏡，因?yàn)樘栫R可能會(huì)保護(hù)我們的視力。故C項(xiàng)符合上下文串聯(lián)。 38. 【答案】G 【試題解析】本段的標(biāo)題是Give your eyes a break.讓眼睛休息。本段第一句三分之二的美國人花7個(gè)小時(shí)的時(shí)間使用電腦或者電子產(chǎn)品。沒有讓我們的眼睛得到休息，這樣頻繁地使用會(huì)增加我們眼睛疲勞的危險(xiǎn)。故G項(xiàng)符合上下文串聯(lián)。 39. 【答案】A 【試題解析】根據(jù)本段第一句As part of a healthy diet, eat more fruits and vegetables each da

59、y.可知要多吃蔬菜等綠色食品，對(duì)我們的眼睛是有好處的。故A項(xiàng)符合段落大意。 40. 【答案】F 【試題解析】很多人都佩戴隱形眼鏡等，但是在使用中總是沒有按照使用說明，這也讓他們的眼睛處于危險(xiǎn)之中。那么我們要采納醫(yī)生的建議，合理使用這些設(shè)備。故F項(xiàng)符合上下文。 第三部分英語知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分） 第一節(jié)完形填空（共20小題；每小題分，滿分30分） 閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出可以填人空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。 It was already half past seven and I was running late a

60、gain for the dinner appointment with my wife, Eleanor. We had 41 to meet at the restaurant at seven o’clock. I felt a little uneasy, but to my 42 I had a good excuse: A business meeting had 43 and I’d wasted no time getting to the dinner. When I arrived at the 44 I apologized and told Eleanor I did

61、n’t mean to be late. She screamed, “You never mean to.” Well, I 45 tell she was angry. “I’m sorry but it was not 46 .” I said. Then I told her about the business meeting 47 my explanation seemed to make things worse, which started to drive 48 mad as well. Several weeks later, when I 49 the situatio

62、n to my friend Ken Hardy, he smiled, “You 50 a classic mistake. You’re stuck 51 your own way of thinking. You didn’t 52 to be late. But that’s not the point. What is 53 in your communication is how your lateness affected Eleanor.” He pointed out that I focused on the intention 54 Eleanor focused o

63、n the result. Thus, 55 of us felt misunderstood and crazy. Thinking more about Ken’s words, I 56 recognized the root cause of such disagreement. It’s the result of the action that really 57 I should have started the conversation by expressing 58 my actions affected Eleanor and 59 the discussions ab

64、out my intention for later, much later and even never. Later on, after talking to Eleanor and really 60 her experience of the results of my lateness, I’ve managed to be on time a lot more frequently. 41. A. started B. agreed C.continued D. managed 42. A. relief B. surprise C.re

65、gret D. sorrow 43. A. broken out B. closed down C. faded away D. run over 44. A. house B. room C.restaurant D. supermarket 45. A. could B. must C.will D. might 46. A. movable B. comfortable C.acceptable D. avoidable 47.

66、A. However B. Therefore C.Morever D. Otherwise 48. A. her B.him C. me D. them 49. A. spread B. wrote C.translated D. described 50. A. knew B.made C.found D. took 51. A. in B.beyond C. for D. against 52. A. need B. prove C. pretend D. intend 53. A. funny B. important C. possible D. simple 54. A. while B. after C. until D. unless 55. A. all B. none C.