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1、 簡(jiǎn)單句 并列句和復(fù)合句 英語(yǔ)的句子可以分為簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句、復(fù)合句。并列句和復(fù)合句又都是由簡(jiǎn)單句組成。 一 簡(jiǎn)單句 簡(jiǎn)單句的五個(gè)基本句型： 句型 例句 主句+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ) My mother is a teacher. 主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞 Time flies. 主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ) We like English. 主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ) He asked me a question. 主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)助語(yǔ) I found the book interesting. 1.主語(yǔ)＋系動(dòng)詞＋表語(yǔ) 這一句型說明主語(yǔ)是什么或怎么樣；謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)

2、詞需用系動(dòng)詞；表語(yǔ)多為形容詞，也可為名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式及分詞等。 常見的系動(dòng)詞有：be，become，look，seem，appear，get，feel，grow，turn，remain，come，fall，hold，keep，smell，sound，taste等。如： This machine is in good condition.這臺(tái)機(jī)器的情況良好。 The garden smells pleasant.這座花園香氣宜人。 All these dictionaries are a great help to me.所有這些詞典都對(duì)我?guī)椭艽蟆? Her ideal has

3、come true.她的理想實(shí)現(xiàn)了。 2．主語(yǔ)＋動(dòng)詞 這種句型中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞，沒有直接賓語(yǔ)也沒有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；但常帶有狀語(yǔ)。如： The water is boiling.水開了。 The train will leave soon.火車就要開了。 The gas has given out.煤氣用完了。 Such houses rent easily.這樣的房子很容易租出去。 I often go swimming in summer.我夏天常去游泳。 Leaves fall when the autumn wind blows.秋風(fēng)起，樹葉落。 3．主語(yǔ)＋動(dòng)詞＋

4、賓語(yǔ) 這一句型中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞，那么它必須帶有自己的賓語(yǔ)。在英文中，當(dāng)一個(gè)動(dòng)詞(包括單個(gè)動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ))作及物動(dòng)詞用時(shí)，它必須要有自己的賓語(yǔ)(除非是賓語(yǔ)在上下文里很明確地提到過，為避免不必要的重復(fù)，才會(huì)省去)，否則會(huì)視為“句子不完整”。如： He has a sister.他有一個(gè)妹妹。 They wanted to have a rest.他們想休息一會(huì)兒。 I like taking risks.我喜歡冒險(xiǎn)。 He speaks English very fluently.他英語(yǔ)說得非常流利。 4．主語(yǔ)＋及物動(dòng)詞＋間接賓語(yǔ)＋直接賓語(yǔ) 在這一句型中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須跟有兩個(gè)

5、賓語(yǔ)才能表達(dá)完整的意思。這兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)一個(gè)是動(dòng)作的直接承受者，另一個(gè)是動(dòng)作的間接承受者。 通常情況下間接賓語(yǔ)在前，直接賓語(yǔ)在后；有時(shí)也可把間接賓語(yǔ)置于直接賓語(yǔ)后，此時(shí)間接賓語(yǔ)前需加介詞for或to。間接賓語(yǔ)后置與for連用的動(dòng)詞有buy，make，cook，get，choose，sing，find等。 間接賓語(yǔ)后置與to連用的動(dòng)詞有g(shù)ive，lend，teach，take，return，send，pass等。如： She brought me a shirt.她給我?guī)硪患r衣。 Pass him the dictionary，please.請(qǐng)將詞典遞給他。 He showed me h

6、ow to run the machine.他演示給我看怎樣操作這臺(tái)機(jī)器。 That gentleman told us a funny story. 那位紳士給我們講了個(gè)有趣的故事。 I gave her a book.→I gave a book to her. 我給了她一本書。 He bought me a pen.→He bought a pen for me. 他給我買了一支鋼筆。 5．主語(yǔ)＋及物動(dòng)詞＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 這一句型中動(dòng)詞雖然是及物動(dòng)詞，但是只跟一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)還不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分來說明賓語(yǔ)，才能使意思完整。賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)用來補(bǔ)充、說明賓語(yǔ)的情況。

7、 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)可以由名詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、形容詞、副詞、分詞和介詞短語(yǔ)等充當(dāng)。 常帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的及物動(dòng)詞有： elect，feel，find，get，have，hear，imagine，keep，make，notice，see，let，smell，start，watch，appoint，believe，call，catch，allow，ask，cause，consider，expect，know，tell，think，want，wish，listen to，look at等等。如： We elected him our monitor.我們選他當(dāng)班長(zhǎng)。 President appointe

8、d John manager of Marketing. 總裁任命約翰為營(yíng)銷部經(jīng)理。 The news made me happy.那消息使我很高興。 He beat a friend of mine black and blue. 他把我的一位朋友打得青一塊紫一塊。 We caught him stealing a watch from the counter. 我們當(dāng)場(chǎng)抓住他從柜臺(tái)里偷手表。 I have got all the mistakes in my maths homework corrected. 特別提醒：簡(jiǎn)單句只有一個(gè)主謂關(guān)系。句子可能有兩個(gè)或更多的主語(yǔ)，也可能

9、有兩個(gè)或更多的謂語(yǔ)，但是句子中的主謂關(guān)系只有一個(gè)。如： China and Chinese people are incredibly progressing in many aspects.(兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)，一個(gè)謂語(yǔ))中國(guó)和中國(guó)人民在很多方面以難以置信的速度進(jìn)步。 Computers mean a lot to human beings and are paid more and more attention to by people.(兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)，一個(gè)主語(yǔ))計(jì)算機(jī)對(duì)人類社會(huì)意味著很多東西，并越來越受到人們的重視。 二．并列句 1.在兩個(gè)或多個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句之間加上并列連詞，或加上分號(hào)，把簡(jiǎn)單句

10、變成并列句，從而使句子的連貫性更強(qiáng)，表達(dá)也更為貼切、自然。如： Tom is our monitor now. He came to our school last year. →Tom came to our school last year and he is our monitor now. →Tom came to our school last year；he is our monitor now. Tom does his homework in the classroom. He sometimes does his homework at home. →Tom d

11、oes his homework either in the classroom or at home. →Tom usually does his homework in the classroom，or at home sometimes. 2．熟記下列并列連詞的意義和用法。 (1)聯(lián)合類：and，both...and，as well as，neither...nor，not only...but also... (2)選擇類：or，or else，otherwise，either...or..., (3)轉(zhuǎn)折類：but，still，however，yet，while，wh

12、en (4)因果類 so，for，therefore, as a result Come here on time tomorrow morning，otherwise/or you will miss a good chance. 明早一定按時(shí)來，否則你會(huì)失去一個(gè)好機(jī)會(huì)。 I have a lot to do this evening，so I can't go shopping with you. Neither Tom nor his father could speak Chinese. 湯姆和他父親都不會(huì)說漢語(yǔ)。 He shook his head，for he thoug

13、ht differently. 3．however，but，while的用法比較。 however另起新句，有逗號(hào)與句子隔開。but不需另起新句。while既表示對(duì)比，又表轉(zhuǎn)折。 He was ill，but he still kept on working. 他病了，可他還是堅(jiān)持工作。 What she said sounded reasonable，Mr.Green，however，didn't believe her. 她說得有道理，然而，格林先生就是不信她。 There is plenty of rain in the south while there is littl

14、e rain in the north. 南方多雨而北方少雨。 溫馨提示 (1)so不能與because連用。 (2)but，while不與although連用，但yet，still可與although連用。 4．包含并列連詞的特殊句式。 (1)祈使句，and/or＋主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。 (2)名詞短語(yǔ)，and＋主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。 在 “祈使句，and/or＋主謂結(jié)構(gòu)”的結(jié)構(gòu)中，祈使句表示一個(gè)條件，and后的句子表示結(jié)果。在 “名詞短語(yǔ)，and＋主謂結(jié)構(gòu)”結(jié)構(gòu)中，名詞短語(yǔ)可能表示條件，也可能表示時(shí)間，and后的句子表示結(jié)果。例如： Climb to the top of the mountai

15、n，and you'll get a good view of the city. Hurry up，or you'll be late. Another five minutes，and I'll finish the composition. A few minutes and they went away. (3)be about to...when...正要……這時(shí)突然…… He was about to go out when it began to rain heavily. 三、復(fù)合句 包含一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或幾個(gè)從句的句子叫復(fù)合句，從句由從屬連詞或關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)。

16、或者簡(jiǎn)單地說只要給一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句任意加上一個(gè)從句，復(fù)合句即可生成。 主句是一個(gè)完整的句子(independent sentence),它可以獨(dú)立存在。 從句是一個(gè)不完整的句子,它必須和一個(gè)主句連用，不能獨(dú)立存在. 在復(fù)合句中，主要包含以下類型從句： 1.主語(yǔ)從句 2.賓語(yǔ)從句 3.表語(yǔ)從句 4.同位語(yǔ)從句 5.狀語(yǔ)從句 6.定語(yǔ)從句 (The meeting came to an end.) 試加一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句：(The meeting that they held in our classroom came to an end.) 試加一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句：(When w

17、e arrived，the meeting came to an end.) 或：(The meeting came to an end though it was still early.) 或：(Before I could speak anything，the meeting came to an end.) 1.The news that our women volleyball team had won the championship encouraged us all greatly. 2. A man who doesn’t learn from others can’

18、t achieve much. 3.The film had begun when we got to the cinema. 4.What makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer. 5.From space, the earth looks blue. This is because about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water. 6.Experts believe that people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.