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1、Unit 3 Under the sea,知識歸納,知識清單,1. __________ n. 軼事; 奇聞 2. ________ n. 目擊者; 證人; 證據(jù) vt. 經(jīng)歷; 見證; 出席; 觀察 vi. 證明; 為(宗教信仰)做見證 3. _______________ n. 膳宿; 和解; 住處; 適應(yīng) 4. ________ n. 岸; 濱 5. ________ adj. 近海的; 離岸的; 海外的 adv. 離岸地; 近海地,anecdote,witness,acmodation,shore,offshore,(一) 單 詞,6.

2、 ______ n. 嘴唇; 唇狀物 7. ______ v. 驅(qū)策; 鼓勵; 催促; 力陳 8. _________ n. 瞄準(zhǔn),lip,urge,abandon,shark,jog,seaside,net,target,14. ___________ n. 維(數(shù)); 方面; 側(cè)面 15. ________ vi. 思考 vt. 映射; 反射; 思考 16. ________ adj. 純的; 純粹的; 純潔的 17. ______ n. 細(xì)胞 18. ______ adj. 整齊的; 均勻的 19. _________ n. 海藻; 海草 20. _________ adj. 狹窄的;

3、有限的 21. __________ n. 閃光信號燈; 手電筒 22. ______ vt. 扯,dimension,reflect,pure,cell,neat,seaweed,narrow,flashlight,suck,drag,24. ________ adj. 銳利的; 鋒利的; 敏捷的 25. _______ adj. 好吃的; 可口的 26. _______ adj. 令人畏懼的,sharp,tasty,grey,scare,shallow,steep,boundary,Antarctic,awesome,33. ______ n. 潮水; 潮流 34. ______ vi.

4、大叫; 呼喊 n. 叫聲; 喊聲 35. _______ vi. 俯沖,tide,yell,pause,telescope,teamwork,depth,seal,pension,pensioner,dive,43. _______ n. 年刊; 年鑒→_______ adj. 每年的; 按年度; 計算的→ _________ adv.一年一次地 44. _________ prep.在……對面→ _________ adj. 相對的; 相反的→_________v. 反對 45. ______ vi. 逃離; 逃跑→______ (過去分詞) 46. _______adj. 生動的;

5、鮮艷的→_________ adv. 生動地→_________ n. 清晰,annual,annual,annually,opposite,opposite,oppose,flee,fled,vivid,vividly,vividness,47. ____________n. 關(guān)系→__________ n. 關(guān)系, 聯(lián)系→__________ adj.比較的→_________ adj. 相關(guān)的, 聯(lián)系的→_________ v. 聯(lián)系; 交往 48. ____________ n. 保存; 保護→__________ vt. 保護; 保存 49. ________ adj.意識到的

6、→ __________ n. 意識→ ________ adj. 沒意識到的,relationship,relation,relative,related,relate,conservation,conserve,aware,awareness,unaware,1. ___________________________ 親眼見證 2. _______________ 分類; 收拾; 整理 3. _______________ 早于; 在……前面 4. _______________ 朝……瞄準(zhǔn) 5. _______________ 調(diào)轉(zhuǎn); 回轉(zhuǎn) 6. _______________

7、 害怕 7. _______________ 幫助某人擺脫困難,witness sth. with one’s own eyes,sort out,ahead of…,aim at,turn around,be terrified of,help sb. out,(二) 短 語,8. __________ 思考; 考慮…… 9. ___________ 對……明白; 知道…… 10. _____________ 上下翻轉(zhuǎn) 11. _____________ 接近; 靠近 12. _________________ 嚇?biāo)懒?reflect on,be aware of,upside down,g

8、et close to,be scared to death,We ran down to the shore in time to see an enormous animal opposite us throwing itself out of the water and then crashing down again.,see sb. doing sth. 看見某人正在干某事,2. The sea was rough that day and it was difficult to handle the boat. It + be + adj. (for/of sb.)+ to

9、 do sth. 做某事是……的,(三) 句 式,“It seems + that從句”, 其中it 是形式主語, that引導(dǎo)主語從句。,3. It seemed that there was a surprise waiting for me around every corner as I explored small caves, …,4. This was the call that announced there was about to be a whale hunt. 句中的be about to表示即將發(fā)生的動作, 意 為“正要/就要”, 不與具體表示將來的時間

10、狀語連用, 常與when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語連用。,核心要點,1. witness n. 目擊者; 證人; 證據(jù) vt. 當(dāng)場見證; 目擊; 見證 I thought, at the time, that this was just a story but then I witnessed it with my own eyes many times. （課文原句） 當(dāng)時我以為只是一個故事罷了，但是后來我親眼見過許多次。,(一) 單 詞,【歸納】 witness sth. 當(dāng)場見到; 目擊; 見證 a witness to sth. 某事的證人 bear/give witness to

11、 sth. 為……作證; 證明 witness to (doing) sth. 作證, 證明(做)某事,1) He is a key witness in this case. 在這個案件中, 他是一個主要見證人。 2) Did anyone witness the traffic accident? 有誰目擊了這場交通事故？ 3) The temples bear witness to the city’s former greatness. 這些廟宇見證了這個城市以前的輝煌。 4) He witnessed to having seen the man enter the room.

12、 他證明看到那人進了房間。,2. pause v. 暫停, 停頓 Without pausing we jumped into the boat with the other whalers and headed out into the bay. （課文原句） 一刻不停地，我們和其他捕鯨人都跳進漁船，朝海灣方向駛?cè)ァ?【歸納】 pause for 因……而暫停 pause on (upon) sth. 仔細(xì)考慮 n. 停頓, 間斷 give someone pause 令人深思; 令人考慮,3. drag v. 拖; 拉; 迫使; 緩慢行進 n. 拖; 拉; 累贅; 阻

13、力 Within a moment or two, its body was dragged swiftly by the killers down into the depths of the sea. （課文原句） 過了片刻，鯨的尸體就被虎鯨們迅速拖向深海中去了。,【拓展】 drag away 將……硬拖走 drag behind 落在后面 drag down 拖下去; 把身體拖垮 drag through 緩緩地通過 drag up 向上拉,1) Drag up a chair and join the conversation. 把椅子拉過來, 加入我們的談話

14、。 2) It’s the high fever that’s been dragging him down. 是這場高燒把他的身體拖垮的。 3) I wanted to stay, but she dragged me off to help her shop. 我本想留下來, 可她硬是把我拉走幫她買東西。,4. urge vt. 催促; 極力主張; 驅(qū)策 “Man overboard! Turn the boat around!” urged George, shouting loudly. （課文原句） 喬治大聲喊道：“有人落水了！把船頭調(diào)回去！”,【歸納】 urge sb./

15、sth. on 催促某人/某物前進 urge sb. to do sth. 催促某人做某事 urge sb. into doing sth. 催促某人做某事 urge that sb. (should) do sth. 極力主張, 強調(diào),1) Brown urged her to reconsider her decision. 布朗極力勸說她重新考慮自己的決定。 2) I urged that he (should) do his best. 我強調(diào)他要盡自己最大的努力。,【注】 urge 后跟that 賓語從句時常用(should)+ 動詞原形的虛擬語氣, 使用時請注意！,5.

16、abandon vt. 放棄; 遺棄; 拋棄; 離棄; 逃離 From James’s face, I could see he was terrified of being abandoned by us. （課文原句） 從詹姆斯的臉上我能看出他非常恐慌，生怕被我們遺棄。,【歸納】 abandon oneself to 沉溺于 abandon the hope (of doing sth.) 放棄(做某事的)希望 abandon doing sth. 放棄做某事 with abandon 放任的, 放縱的,1) The cruel man abandoned hi

17、s wife and child. 那個狠心的男人拋棄了他的妻兒。 2) Those who abandon themselves to despair can not succeed. 那些自暴自棄的人無法成功。 3) People were shouting and cheering with abandon. 人們興高采烈, 縱情歡呼。,6. target n.目標(biāo); 靶; 受批評的對象 vt. 把……作為攻擊目標(biāo)/批評對象 First, not only target fish are caught in the net, but many other sea animal

18、s are found hanging there. （課文原句） 首先，不但可以網(wǎng)到想要捉的魚，而且其他的海洋動物也可以捕獲。,【歸納】 set (sb.) a target for (給某人)設(shè)定……的目標(biāo) Our country has set a target for reducing the emission of carbon dioxide. 我國已制定了一個降低二氧化碳排放的目 標(biāo)。,7. scare v. 恐嚇, 使驚嚇 n. 驚恐, 驚嚇 I told myself they weren’t dangerous but that didn’t stop me from

19、feeling scared to death for a moment! （課文原句） 我自言自語地說它們并不危險，但是這樣一點也不能抑制我那怕得要死的心情。,【歸納】 be scared of 害怕 be scared to do 害怕做 scare ... away/off 把……嚇走 【拓展】scared adj. 驚慌的 相當(dāng)于frightened be scared to death/out of one’s wits 被嚇得要死; 被嚇得魂不附體,1) You scared me out of my mind, ing up behind me suddenly

20、 like that. 你這冷不防從背后過來, 真把我嚇?biāo)懒恕?2) I’ll see if I can scare up a meal from the scraps of food in the kitchen. 我去看看能否把廚房里的剩飯湊成一頓飯菜。 3) The high price is scaring away possible buyers. 價格昂貴, 把想買東西的顧客嚇跑了。,1. help...out 幫助某人擺脫困境 Being helped out by the killer whales, the whalers were able to make a s

21、uccessful kill. （課文原句） 有了虎鯨的幫助，捕鯨人才有了一次成功的捕殺。,(二) 短 語,【拓展】 help (sb.) (to) do sth. 幫(某人)做某事 cannot help doing sth. 禁不住做某事 help oneself (to sth.) 自取, 自用 can’t help but do sth. 不得不做某事 help sb. with sth. 幫助某人做某事 can’t help (to) do sth. 不能幫著做某事,1) If you haven’t got time to finish, I’ll help you

22、out. 如果你來不及做完, 我會幫你擺脫困境。 2) Do you mind helping me with this a minute? 你能抽點時間幫我一把嗎？ 3) I can’t help wondering what happened to that little girl. 我忍不住想知道那個小女孩出了什么事。,2. be /bee aware of … 對……知道、明 白; 意識到….. The first thing I became aware of was all the vivid colors surrounding me – purples, reds,

23、oranges, yellows, blues and greens. （課文原句） 我首先注意到的是我周圍那些鮮艷的色彩—紫色、紅色、橘黃、明黃、藍色和綠色等。,【拓展】 aware多作形容詞, 意為“知道的; 察覺的”, 常接 of +名詞、代詞、動詞-ing形式; 也可以接從句, 此時可以省略介詞of, 其前常被副詞well/quite/ fully 修飾。aware還可與politically, environmentally等副詞連用, 表示“有覺悟; 有意識”。其名詞形式為awareness, 意為“察覺; 覺悟; 意識(+ of / that)”,1) He said that

24、 the government was quite aware of the problem. 他說政府很清楚這個問題。 2) She was not aware of having done wrong. 她沒有意識到做錯了事。 3) He is a politically aware young man. 他是個政治上有覺悟的青年。 4) There is a general awareness that smoking is harmful. 人們普遍認(rèn)識到吸煙有害健康。,3. upside down 上下翻轉(zhuǎn) The yellow and green parrotfish wa

25、s hanging upside down, and sucking tiny plants off the coral with its hard bird-like mouth. （課文原句） 黃綠相間的鸚嘴魚倒掛著，用它那像鳥嘴一樣的硬嘴從珊瑚上吸吮的微小植物。,【歸納】 upside down 意為“底朝上, 上下顛倒, 倒轉(zhuǎn), 亂七八糟”。如： The picture is hanging upside down. Thieves left the place upside down. 【拓展】 turn ... upside down 把……翻得亂七八糟, 給(某人的生活

26、)造成大的變化或混亂。如： Mark turned the whole room upside down looking for his book.,We ran down to the shore in time to see an enormous animal opposite us throwing itself out of the water and then crashing down again.,see sb. doing sth. 看見某人正在干某事 【歸納】 感官動詞see, watch, notice, discover, observe, hear, smell等可

27、跟動詞-ing形式作賓語補足語, 動詞-ing與賓語構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系, 強調(diào)動作正在進行。,(三) 句 式,2. The sea was rough that day and it was difficult to handle the boat. It + be + adj. (for/of sb.)+ to do sth. 做某事是……的 【歸納】 在此句型中, 如前面形容詞(adj.) 指代事物、事情特征, 如：important, easy, difficult, strange, necessary, important等, 則后用for; 如果為說明人的性格、特征的形容詞, 如k

28、ind, polite, foolish, warmhearted, cruel等, 則用of。,“It seems + that從句”, 其中it 是形式主語, that引導(dǎo)主語從句。如： It seems that no one knows what has happened in the park. 似乎沒有人知道在公園里發(fā)生了什么事。 It seems to me that Mr. Brown will not e again. 在我看來布朗先生不會再來了。,3. It seemed that there was a surprise waiting for me around ev

29、ery corner as I explored small caves, …,【拓展】 “There + seem to be +名詞”, 其中to be 可省略。seem 的單復(fù)數(shù)形式要根據(jù)后面作主語的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式而定。如： There doesn’t seem to be much hope of our beating that team. 看來我們戰(zhàn)勝那個隊沒有多大希望。 There seems no need to wait longer. 看來沒有再等的必要了。,4. This was the call that announced there was about to b

30、e a whale hunt. be about to表示即將發(fā)生的動作, “正要/就要”, 不與具體表示將來的時間狀語連用, 常與when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語連用。,1) Sit down, everyone. The film’s about to start. 大家坐下, 電影馬上開始。 2) I was about to give up when the good news came. 當(dāng)好消息傳來時我正打算放棄。,I. 用括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式填空。 1. We felt at home with her and were impressed with the ______ (deep

31、) of her knowledge. 2. A(n) ___________ (abandon) baby was found in a box on the hospital steps.,abandoned,depth,3. The program will give young athletes the chance to ________ (sharp) their skills. 4. I didn’t like the soup, but all in all, the dinner was pretty _____ (taste). 5. I wanted to ask her

32、 out but was _______ (scare) that she might refuse.,scared,sharpen,tasty,II. 根據(jù)所給的漢語提示補全下列句子。 To get the plant out of the pot, turn the pot ____________ (上下顛倒) and give it a gentle knock. 2. I’ve often ______________ (幫助鮑勃擺脫困難) when he’s short of money.,upside down,helped Bob out,3. He doesn’t seem

33、 to ____________ (意識 到) the coldness of their attitude towards his appeal. 4. As I opened the door, I found little Ben was ____________ (歸類) the bricks into different colors alone.,be aware of,sorting out,語法,被動語態(tài)（二）,【歸納】 1. 當(dāng)動詞-ing形式的邏輯主語是其動作的承受者時，動詞-ing形式要用被動式。動詞-ing的被動式有兩種：①一般式的被動式，即being done

34、，表示一個正在進行或與謂語所表示的動作同時發(fā)生的被動動作；②完成式的被動式，即having been done，表示的被動動作發(fā)生在謂語所表示的動作之前。,2. 動詞-ing形式的被動式在句中可以作主語、賓語、定語、賓語補足語、狀語。 e.g. 1) Being defeated by Jim was a terrifying experience. 2) I hate being bothered with silly questions. 3) The boy ran away for fear of being hurt.,4) The railway being built will

35、 greatly benefit our city. 5) When Julia got to the meeting room, she heard her works being discussed. 6) Being acpanied by his father, the boy felt very happy. 7) Having been invited to speak, I’ll start making preparations tomorrow.,【拓展】 1. need, require, want表示“需要”時，后接動詞-ing形式的主動形式表示被動意義。如： The

36、house needs / wants / requires repairing. = The house needs / wants / requires to be repaired. 2. be worth后接動詞-ing形式的主動形式表示被動意義。如： The book is not worth reading.,3. 不定式的被動式、動詞-ing形式的被動式和過去分詞都可作定語表示被動意義，但所表示的動作發(fā)生的時間有所不同。如： The problem to be discussed tomorrow is of vital importance. (to be discusse

37、d所表示的被動動作將要發(fā)生) The problem being discussed is of vital importance. (being discussed所表示的被動動作正在發(fā)生) The problem discussed yesterday is of vital importance. (discussed所表示的被動動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生),用括號內(nèi)動詞的正確形式填空。 1. The famous singer always wears sunglasses. Therefore, she can go shopping without ________________ (rec

38、ognize). 2. The boss was happy to see new products __________ (develop) after great effort. 3. David remembered ___________ (take) to France as a small child.,being taken,being recognized,developed,4. The boy disliked ____________ (speak) to like that. 5. __________________ (test) several times, thi

39、s new product will be put into mass production. 6. I have been invited to a party __________ (hold) in our club next Sunday. 7. The drawer showed no signs of ___________ _____________________ (touch). 8. The scientists designed a shirt that never needs ___________________ (wash).,washing/to be wash

40、ed,being spoken,Having been tested,to be held,having been,touched/being touched,寫作,【寫作任務(wù)】 假設(shè)你是李華，幾天前從某外資家電商場買了一臺電冰箱。使用后發(fā)現(xiàn)這臺冰箱存在門關(guān)不緊、冷藏效果差的問題。請你給本商場服務(wù)部負(fù)責(zé)人寫一封投訴信，希望其給予調(diào)換或者安排維修人員上門維修。,如何寫投訴信,注意：詞數(shù)100左右。 Dear Sir or Madam, _____________________________________ _____________________________________ ___

41、__________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua,【寫作指導(dǎo)】 這是一封投訴信。投訴信與普通書信格式一樣, 但要注意的是寫投訴信是為了求得解決問題而不是泄憤, 因此寫信時一定要態(tài)度誠懇、禮貌委婉。投訴信一般包括以下幾點內(nèi)容：寫信的目的、投訴的原因、希望得到的結(jié)果和表示感謝。 針對這篇習(xí)作, 可以把全文分為三段： 第一段：表明寫信的目的——對購買的冰箱出現(xiàn)的問題進行投訴。,第二段：投訴的原因以及希望得到的結(jié)果——冰箱門關(guān)不緊、冷藏效果差，希望調(diào)換或者安排維修人員上門維修。 第三段：表示

42、感謝。 【常用表達】 開頭： I am writing to make a plaint about / plain about ... I am writing to express my dissatisfaction / disappointment with ... I’m sorry to bother you but ...,主體： There are some problems with ... that I wish to bring to your attention. I’m really not happy ... I’m eager to know whet

43、her ... I’d like a full refund / a new one that ... 結(jié)尾： I would appreciate it if you ... I’m looking forward to ... I do hope ...,【參考范文】 Dear Sir or Madam, I’m writing to plain about my disappointment with the refrigerator I bought from your store. After using it for two days, I found there was

44、 something wrong with the refrigerator. First, its door couldn’t close tightly so that the refrigerator couldn’t work well. What’s worse,,the outer wall felt very hot and the food stored in it went bad quickly. Therefore, I am eager to know whether you can change it for a new one or send a repairm

45、an as soon as possible. I would appreciate it if you could take my plaint into consideration. I am looking forward to your early reply. Yours sincerely, Li Hua,鞏固練習(xí),I. 用括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式填空。 1. I wanted to ask her out but was ________ (scare) that she might refuse. 2. They continued for another few kilomet

46、ers until they reached a(n) __________ (abandon) gas station.,scared,abandoned,3. The program will give young athletes the chance to ________ (sharp) their skills. 4. These sausages are really ________ (taste) — where did you buy them? 5. One in five __________ (pension) rely entirely on state benef

47、its for their ine.,sharpen,tasty,pensioners,II. 選用合適的單詞并用其正確形式填空。 annual, dive, opposite, pause, witness, yell 1. ①There was a(n) ________ in the conversation as everyone turned to say hello to Paul. ②“No,” he replied, without ________ for thought.,pause,pausing,annual, dive, opposite, pause, witne

48、ss, yell 2. ①It is strange how two scientists studying the same problem can e to pletely ________ conclusions. ②My father is a very calm person, but my mother is just the ________. 3. ①Im sorry I ________ at you last night. ②A great ________ went up from the crowd. Liverpool had scored.,opposite,o

49、pposite,yelled,yell,annual, dive, opposite, pause, witness, yell 4. ①I looked for Wymans picture in my high-school ________. ②In the first half of the 1970s, the economy was growing at a(n) ________ rate of 7 percent. 5. ①He signed the document in the presence of two ________. ②The crash was ___

50、_____ by millions of viewers who were watching the race on TV.,annual,annual,witnesses,witnessed,annual, dive, opposite, pause, witness, yell 6. ①The plane ________ towards the ground and exploded in a ball of flame. ②The goalkeeper made a(n) ________ for the ball, but couldnt stop it going in th

51、e net.,dived,dive,III. 用括號內(nèi)動詞的正確形式填空。 1. The interview only took ten minutes, but it ________ (feel) like hours. 2. The pop concert ____________________ (expect) to attract over 20,000 people but only less than 5,000 attended it. 3. The baby is sitting in his high chair, waiting ________ (feed).,fel

52、t,had been/was expected,to be fed,4. The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people _____________ (persuade) to eat more fruit and vegetables. 5. Your daughter has a good voice. Her interest in singing must _____________ (encourage).,are persuaded,be encouraged,Ⅳ. 閱讀材料，在空白

53、處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容 （1個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 The Great Barrier Reef is 1. _______ 2,300-kilometer string of reefs along the northeast coast of Australia. It is home to well over 1,000 species of fish, over 100 types of shark, and 2. ________ (dozen) of types of whale and dolphin. At least 2 million people visit it

54、each year,,a,dozens,3. ________ is worth some $6 billion to the Australian economy. But 4. _______ is said that large areas of the reef are suffering from bleaching. Coral bleaches (turns white) when water is too warm for too long. The coral polyp (珊瑚蟲) spits out the algae (海藻) that live inside it a

55、nd its flesh 5. ________ (bee) transparent. Algae provide the coral with 90% of its energy,,which,it,bees,so without the algae it 6. _________ (eventual) starves. Furthermore, as small fish can no 7. ________ (long) use the coral as shelter, the bigger fish that feed on them abandon the coral and mo

56、ve on. Being aware of 8. ________ serious the situation is, the Australian government has now promised $1 billion to help out. The money is to be spent on clean energy projects and 9. ________ (reduce) pollution.,eventually,longer,how,reducing,But environmentalists say the government is dragging its feet. They are urging the government to tax fossil fuel mining panies in order 10. ________ (make) them pay for the damage their industry has caused.,to make,