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1、第二篇重點(diǎn)專(zhuān)題分層練,中高檔題得高分,第22練導(dǎo)數(shù)的概念及簡(jiǎn)單應(yīng)用小題提速練,,明晰考情1.命題角度:考查導(dǎo)數(shù)的幾何意義,利用導(dǎo)數(shù)研究函數(shù)的單調(diào)性、極值和最值.2.題目難度:中低檔難度.,核心考點(diǎn)突破練,,,欄目索引,,,易錯(cuò)易混專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練,高考押題沖刺練,考點(diǎn)一導(dǎo)數(shù)的幾何意義,要點(diǎn)重組(1)f(x0)表示函數(shù)f(x)在xx0處的瞬時(shí)變化率.(2)f(x0)的幾何意義是曲線(xiàn)yf(x)在點(diǎn)P(x0,y0)處切線(xiàn)的斜率.,,核心考點(diǎn)突破練,1.已知函數(shù)f(x1)則曲線(xiàn)yf(x)在點(diǎn)(1,f(1))處切線(xiàn)的斜率為A.1B.1C.2D.2,,由導(dǎo)數(shù)的幾何意義,得所求切線(xiàn)的斜率k1.,答案,解析,2.設(shè)函數(shù)
2、f(x)x3ax2,若曲線(xiàn)yf(x)在點(diǎn)P(x0,f(x0))處的切線(xiàn)方程為xy0,則點(diǎn)P的坐標(biāo)為A.(0,0)B.(1,1)C.(1,1)D.(1,1)或(1,1),,解析由題意可知f(x)3x22ax,,答案,解析,則點(diǎn)P的坐標(biāo)為(1,1)或(1,1).故選D.,3.(2018全國(guó))設(shè)函數(shù)f(x)x3(a1)x2ax,若f(x)為奇函數(shù),則曲線(xiàn)yf(x)在點(diǎn)(0,0)處的切線(xiàn)方程為A.y2xB.yxC.y2xD.yx,,答案,解析,解析方法一f(x)x3(a1)x2ax,f(x)3x22(a1)xa.又f(x)為奇函數(shù),f(x)f(x)恒成立,即x3(a1)x2axx3(a1)x2ax恒成
3、立,a1,f(x)3x21,f(0)1,曲線(xiàn)yf(x)在點(diǎn)(0,0)處的切線(xiàn)方程為yx.故選D.方法二f(x)x3(a1)x2ax為奇函數(shù),f(x)3x22(a1)xa為偶函數(shù),a1,即f(x)3x21,f(0)1,曲線(xiàn)yf(x)在點(diǎn)(0,0)處的切線(xiàn)方程為yx.故選D.,4.若直線(xiàn)ykxb是曲線(xiàn)ylnx2的切線(xiàn),也是曲線(xiàn)yln(x1)的切線(xiàn),則b_______.,答案,解析,1ln2,考點(diǎn)二導(dǎo)數(shù)與函數(shù)的單調(diào)性,方法技巧(1)若求單調(diào)區(qū)間(或證明單調(diào)性),只要在函數(shù)定義域內(nèi)解(或證明)不等式f(x)0或f(x)<0.(2)若已知函數(shù)的單調(diào)性,則轉(zhuǎn)化為不等式f(x)0或f(x)0在單調(diào)區(qū)間上恒成
4、立問(wèn)題來(lái)求解.,5.已知函數(shù)f(x)lnxx,若abf(),cf(5),則A.c
5、解析,,解析f(x)6x26mx6,當(dāng)x(2,)時(shí),f(x)0恒成立,,當(dāng)x2時(shí),g(x)0,即g(x)在(2,)上單調(diào)遞增,,8.定義在R上的函數(shù)f(x)滿(mǎn)足f(x)f(x)恒成立,若x1f(x1)B.f(x2)
6、提醒(1)f(x0)0是函數(shù)yf(x)在xx0處取得極值的必要不充分條件.(2)函數(shù)f(x)在a,b上有唯一一個(gè)極值點(diǎn),這個(gè)極值點(diǎn)就是最值點(diǎn).,9.若x2是函數(shù)f(x)(x2ax1)ex1的極值點(diǎn),則f(x)的極小值為A.1B.2e3C.5e3D.1,,答案,解析,解析函數(shù)f(x)(x2ax1)ex1,則f(x)(2xa)ex1(x2ax1)ex1ex1x2(a2)xa1.由x2是函數(shù)f(x)的極值點(diǎn),得f(2)e3(42a4a1)(a1)e30,所以a1.所以f(x)(x2x1)ex1,f(x)ex1(x2x2).由ex10恒成立,得當(dāng)x2或x1時(shí),f(x)0,且當(dāng)x2時(shí),f(x)0;當(dāng)2x
7、1時(shí),f(x)0;當(dāng)x1時(shí),f(x)0.所以x1是函數(shù)f(x)的極小值點(diǎn).所以函數(shù)f(x)的極小值為f(1)1.故選A.,10.已知函數(shù)f(x)axlnx,當(dāng)x(0,e(e為自然對(duì)數(shù)的底數(shù))時(shí),函數(shù)f(x)的最小值為3,則a的值為A.eB.e2C.2eD.2e2,,答案,解析,當(dāng)a0時(shí),f(x)0,f(x)在(0,e上單調(diào)遞減,f(x)minf(e)0,與題意不符.,f(x)minf(e)0,與題意不符.綜上所述,ae2.故選B.,則g(x)g(x)0,g(x)是R上的奇函數(shù).又當(dāng)x(0,)時(shí),g(x)f(x)x<0,所以g(x)在(0,)上單調(diào)遞減,所以g(x)是R上的單調(diào)減函數(shù).原不等式等
8、價(jià)于g(2m)g(m)0,g(2m)g(m)g(m),所以2mm,m1.,11.設(shè)函數(shù)f(x)在R上存在導(dǎo)數(shù)f(x),對(duì)任意xR,都有f(x)f(x)x2,在(0,)上f(x)
9、x)只有一個(gè)零點(diǎn),,此時(shí)f(x)2x33x21,f(x)6x(x1),當(dāng)x1,1時(shí),f(x)在1,0上單調(diào)遞增,在(0,1上單調(diào)遞減.又f(1)0,f(1)4,f(0)1,f(x)maxf(x)minf(0)f(1)143.,1.已知f(x)lnx,g(x)直線(xiàn)l與函數(shù)f(x),g(x)的圖象都相切,且與f(x)圖象的切點(diǎn)為(1,f(1)),則m等于A.1B.3C.4D.2,,易錯(cuò)易混專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練,又f(1)0,切線(xiàn)l的方程為yx1.g(x)xm,設(shè)直線(xiàn)l與g(x)的圖象的切點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)為(x0,y0),,,答案,解析,于是解得m2.故選D.,答案,解析,,解析方法一(特殊值法),不具備在(,)上單調(diào)遞增
10、,排除A,B,D.故選C.方法二(綜合法),3.函數(shù)f(x)的定義域?yàn)殚_(kāi)區(qū)間(a,b),導(dǎo)函數(shù)f(x)在(a,b)內(nèi)的圖象如圖所示,則函數(shù)f(x)在開(kāi)區(qū)間(a,b)內(nèi)的極小值點(diǎn)有A.1個(gè)B.2個(gè)C.3個(gè)D.4個(gè),答案,解析,,解析由極小值的定義及導(dǎo)函數(shù)f(x)的圖象可知,f(x)在開(kāi)區(qū)間(a,b)內(nèi)有1個(gè)極小值點(diǎn).,4.若直線(xiàn)ya分別與直線(xiàn)y2(x1),曲線(xiàn)yxlnx交于點(diǎn)A,B,則|AB|的最小值為_(kāi)___.,答案,解析,設(shè)方程xlnxa的根為t(t0),則tlnta,,令g(t)0,得t1.當(dāng)t(0,1)時(shí),g(t)0,g(t)單調(diào)遞減;當(dāng)t(1,)時(shí),g(t)0,g(t)單調(diào)遞增,,解題
11、秘籍(1)對(duì)于未知切點(diǎn)的切線(xiàn)問(wèn)題,一般要先設(shè)出切點(diǎn).(2)f(x)遞增的充要條件是f(x)0,且f(x)在任意區(qū)間內(nèi)不恒為零.(3)利用導(dǎo)數(shù)求解函數(shù)的極值、最值問(wèn)題要利用數(shù)形結(jié)合思想,根據(jù)條件和結(jié)論的聯(lián)系靈活進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)化.,1.(2017浙江)函數(shù)yf(x)的導(dǎo)函數(shù)yf(x)的圖象如圖所示,則函數(shù)yf(x)的圖象可能是,,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,,高考押題沖刺練,解析觀(guān)察導(dǎo)函數(shù)f(x)的圖象可知,f(x)的函數(shù)值從左到右依次為小于0,大于0,小于0,大于0,對(duì)應(yīng)函數(shù)f(x)的增減性從左到右依次為減、增、減、增.觀(guān)察選項(xiàng)可知,排除A,C.如圖所示,f(x)有
12、3個(gè)零點(diǎn),從左到右依次設(shè)為x1,x2,x3,且x1,x3是極小值點(diǎn),x2是極大值點(diǎn),且x20,故選項(xiàng)D正確.故選D.,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,2.函數(shù)f(x)(x3)ex的單調(diào)遞增區(qū)間是A.(,2)B.(0,3)C.(1,4)D.(2,),,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,解析函數(shù)f(x)(x3)ex的導(dǎo)函數(shù)為f(x)(x3)exex(x3)ex(x2)ex.由函數(shù)導(dǎo)數(shù)與函數(shù)單調(diào)性的關(guān)系,得當(dāng)f(x)0時(shí),函數(shù)f(x)單調(diào)遞增,此時(shí)由不等式f(x)(x2)ex0,解得x2.,3.已知函數(shù)f(x)4x3在區(qū)間1,2上是增函數(shù),則實(shí)數(shù)
13、m的取值范圍為A.4m5B.2m4C.m2D.m4,,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,4.若函數(shù)f(x)(x1)ex,則下列命題正確的是A.對(duì)任意m,都存在xR,使得f(x),方程f(x)m總有兩個(gè)實(shí)根,,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,解析f(x)(x2)ex,當(dāng)x2時(shí),f(x)0,f(x)為增函數(shù);當(dāng)x<2時(shí),f(x)<0,f(x)為減函數(shù).,故B正確.,5.函數(shù)f(x)是定義在區(qū)間(0,)上的可導(dǎo)函數(shù),其導(dǎo)函數(shù)為f(x),且滿(mǎn)足xf(x)2f(x)0,則不等式的解集為
14、A.x|x2013B.x|x2013C.x|2013x0D.x|2018x2013,,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,解析構(gòu)造函數(shù)g(x)x2f(x),則g(x)x2f(x)xf(x).當(dāng)x0時(shí),2f(x)xf(x)0,g(x)0,g(x)在(0,)上單調(diào)遞增.,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,當(dāng)x20180,即x2018時(shí),(x2018)2f(x2018)52f(5),g(x2018)g(5),x20185,2018x2013.,6.函數(shù)f(x)3x2lnx2x的極值點(diǎn)的個(gè)數(shù)是A.0B.1C.2D.無(wú)數(shù),,解析函數(shù)定義域?yàn)?0,),,答
15、案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,由于x0,方程6x22x10中的200恒成立,即f(x)在定義域上單調(diào)遞增,無(wú)極值點(diǎn).,7.已知函數(shù)f(x)x22xa(ex1ex1)有唯一零點(diǎn),則a等于,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,,解析方法一f(x)x22xa(ex1ex1)(x1)2aex1e(x1)1,令tx1,則g(t)f(t1)t2a(etet)1.g(t)(t)2a(etet)1g(t),函數(shù)g(t)為偶函數(shù).f(x)有唯一零點(diǎn),g(t)也有唯一零點(diǎn).又g(t)為偶函數(shù),由偶函數(shù)的性質(zhì)知g(0)0,,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,
16、8,9,10,11,12,故選C.,方法二f(x)0a(ex1ex1)x22x.,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,x22x(x1)211,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)x1時(shí)取“”.若a0,則a(ex1ex1)2a,,若a0,則f(x)的零點(diǎn)不唯一.故選C.,,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,解析因?yàn)閒(x)x3x2a,所以由題意可知,f(x)3x22x在區(qū)間0,a上存在x1,x2(0 x1x2a),,所以方程3x22xa2a在區(qū)間(0,a)上有兩個(gè)不相等的實(shí)根.令g(x)3x22xa2a(0 xa),,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,1
17、,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,答案,解析,9.已知函數(shù)f(x)axlnx,aR,若f(e)3,則a的值為_(kāi)__.,解析因?yàn)閒(x)a(1lnx),aR,f(e)3,,10.已知函數(shù)f(x)x32ax21在x1處的切線(xiàn)的斜率為1,則實(shí)數(shù)a____,此時(shí)函數(shù)yf(x)在0,1上的最小值為_(kāi)___.,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,解析由題意得f(x)3x24ax,則有f(1)3124a11,,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,則f(x)3x22x,當(dāng)x0,1時(shí),,11.(2018全國(guó))已知函數(shù)f(x)2sinxsin2x,
18、則f(x)的最小值是_______.,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,解析f(x)2cosx2cos2x2cosx2(2cos2x1)2(2cos2xcosx1)2(2cosx1)(cosx1).cosx10,,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,又f(x)2sinxsin2x2sinx(1cosx),,12.已知函數(shù)f(x)exx,若f(x)<0的解集中只有一個(gè)正整數(shù),則實(shí)數(shù)k的取值范圍為_(kāi)_____________.,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,答案,解析,當(dāng)x0,當(dāng)x1時(shí),g(x)<0,所以g(x)在(,1)上單調(diào)遞增,在(1,)上單調(diào)遞減,,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,本課結(jié)束,