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1、綿陽專版,PART TWO,第二篇 語法突破篇,語法專題（十一） 主謂一致,【中考考點】 (1)就近一致原則。 (2)意義一致原則。 (3)語法一致原則。,就近一致原則就是謂語動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于最靠近它的主語的單、復(fù)數(shù)。 1.由eitheror,neithernor,notbut,not onlybut also等連接并列主語時,謂語動詞的數(shù)與最靠近它的主語保持一致。 Neither her parents nor she herself a bank clerk. 她父母和她本人都不是銀行職員。 Either my father or my mother on weekdays. 在工

2、作日,不是我爸爸做飯就是我媽媽做飯。,考點一就近一致原則,is,cooks,2.當(dāng)there be 句型中的主語是一系列事物時,be動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與離其最近的主語保持一致。 There a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. 書桌上有一支鋼筆、一把小刀和幾本書。 There twenty boys and twenty-three girls in the classroom. 教室里有20名男生和23名女生。 3.在here引導(dǎo)的句子中,主語有不止一個時,謂語動詞通常與離其最近的主語在數(shù)上保持一致。,is,are,考點二意義一致原則,意義一致原

3、則就是謂語動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)要看主語所表達(dá)的概念。 1.有些集合名詞,如family,class,team 等作主語時,若看作整體,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式;若強(qiáng)調(diào)其中的每個成員,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 Mr.Smiths family a big one. 史密斯先生家是一個大家庭。 Mr.Smiths family watching TV. 史密斯先生一家人正在看電視。,2.由all, either, neither, most, some, any, none 作主語時,若代表可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;若代表可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。 Now all going well

4、. 目前一切都進(jìn)展順利。 All present.所有的人都在這兒。,is,are,is,are,3.“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞”以及“all/some/any/half/enough/most/the rest/a lot of/lots of/plenty of/half of/the rest of/(a) part of+名詞”作主語時,其謂語動詞的數(shù)要由名詞而定。名詞為不可數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)形式時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式;名詞為可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 Lots of damage caused by fire last year. 去年很多損失是由火造成的。 4.名詞所有格之

5、后的名詞被省略, 表示“商店、工廠、住宅”等意義且作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。 The doctors across from the street. 診所在街道的對面。,is,is,5.形式上雖為復(fù)數(shù),但意義為單數(shù)的名詞,如politics,physics, the United States, news, maths 等作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。 The news very exciting. 那則新聞是非常令人興奮的。 Physics a bit difficult for me. 物理對我來說有點兒難。,6.表示時間、距離、長度、價格、度量的詞(短語)作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式

6、。加減乘除也常看作整體,謂語動詞也用單數(shù)形式。 Fifty dollars enough. 五十美元足夠了。,is,is,is,7. a number of作主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;the number of作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。 The number of the students in our class 50. 我們班學(xué)生的數(shù)量是五十。 A number of players from America. 很多隊員來自美國。 8.形式上雖為單數(shù),但意義為復(fù)數(shù)的名詞,如people, police, cattle等作主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 A lot of people

7、 dancing outside. 很多人正在外面跳舞。 The police looking for the lost boy. 警察正在尋找那個失蹤的男孩。,are/come,is,are,are,9.“the+形容詞”可以表示一類人,作主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 10.“the+姓氏名詞復(fù)數(shù)”表示“一家”或“夫婦”,作主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 The Browns are cleaning the windows now. 現(xiàn)在布朗一家人正在擦窗戶。,考點三語法一致原則,語法一致原則就是謂語動詞的數(shù)與主語的單、復(fù)數(shù)保持一致。 1.each或由some-, any-, no-, ev

8、ery-等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞或one of/each of/none of/either of/neither of作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。 Each of us an English book. 我們每個人都有一本英語書。 everybody ready? 每個人都準(zhǔn)備好了嗎? 2.常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的名詞,如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks 等作主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 3.主語前面有(pair/glass/cup/kind/box/bag/)等量詞接of修飾時,謂語動詞要依據(jù)量詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。 There are three glasses

9、 of water on the table.桌上有三杯水。 The kind of food tastes great. 這種食物嘗起來味道真好。,has,is,4.由and或bothand連接的并列成分作主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 Both he and I are right. 我和他都是對的。 5.and連接主語時,如果該并列主語指的是兩個或兩個以上的人或事物時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;若指的是同一個人或事物(即and 后面的名詞前沒有冠詞),則謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。 The singer and writer is going to give a concert next week.

10、那位歌手兼作家將在下周舉辦一場音樂會。 The singer and the writer are both my good friends. 這位歌手和這位作家都是我的好朋友。,6.主語后有with, together with, along with, besides, except, but, as well as 等引導(dǎo)的短語作插入語時,謂語動詞的數(shù)與前面的主語保持一致。 The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum. 老師和他的學(xué)生們將去參觀博物館。 7.單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或代詞、不可數(shù)名詞、動名詞及動詞不定式短語作主

11、語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式;復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或代詞作主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。,,用括號中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1.My mother with her friends often (go) shopping on weekends. 2.There (be) four pens and a book on the desk. 3.Listen! The little girl (be) singing in the room. 4.We all know that one of the worlds most popular sports (be) football. 5.The pair o

12、f shoes (be) very expensive. 6.Mary who is my friend, as well as her sisters, (study) Chinese in China. 7.Doing morning exercises (make) us healthy. 8.David, there (be) a dictionary and some books on your desk. Please put them away. OK, Mom. Ill do it right away.,goes,are,is,is,is,studies,makes,is,,

13、9.Everyone except Tom and Mike (be) here when the teacher came in. 10.Some agree with Jim, but the rest of us (disagree) with him. 11.The Smiths (be) making dumplings in the kitchen at this time yesterday. 12.Two months (be) a long time.We can visit our grandparents during the vacation. 13.The pol

14、ice often (go) to help the old people in the neighborhood. 14.Two thirds of the books written by her father (have) been sold. 15.One great thing about Singapore, unlike most other Asian countries, (be) that the temperature is almost the same all year round.,was,disagree,were,is,go,have,is,,16.The te

15、acher and dancer always (teach) us to dance. 17.Toms family is a big one.And the family (get) together to have a big dinner on Christmas Eve every year. 18.As the saying goes, “No news (be) good news.” 19.A number of visitors (be) visiting the West Lake and the number of the visitors (be) increasing.,teaches,get,is,are,is,