(天津?qū)S茫?019高考英語二輪增分策略 專題一 語法知識(shí) 第8講 名詞性從句課件.ppt
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1、第8講名詞性從句,專題一語法知識(shí),,,真題診斷,,考點(diǎn)突破,專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練,內(nèi)容索引,真題診斷,1.By boat is the only way to get here,which is ________ we arrived. (2018江蘇,21) A.where B.when C.why D.how,解析,解析考查表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意為:坐船是到達(dá)這里的唯一方法,這就是我們?nèi)绾?how)到達(dá)的。where表地點(diǎn);when表時(shí)間;why表原因;how表方式。,答案,,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,2.Without his support,we wouldnt be ________ we
2、 are now. (2018北京,11) A.how B.when C.where D.why,解析,解析考查表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)該選C項(xiàng),where引導(dǎo)表語從句。句意為:假如沒有他的支持,我們就不會(huì)取得現(xiàn)在的成就。,答案,,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,3.This is ________ my father has taught meto always face difficulties and hope for the best.(2018北京,15) A.how B.which C.that D.what,解析,解析考查表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。這是一個(gè)含有表語從句的復(fù)合句,所
3、選答案在從句中作teach的直接賓語,因此應(yīng)該選D項(xiàng)。how不能用作賓語;which引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)意為“哪個(gè),哪些”,不合邏輯;that引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)在從句中不作成分。句意為:這就是父親教我的總是直面困難,并且抱最大的希望。,答案,,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,4.The gold medal will be awarded to ________ wins the first place in the bicycle race.(2018天津,9) A.whomever B.wherever C.whoever D.whatever,解析,解析考查賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意為:金牌將被授予在
4、自行車比賽中獲得第一名的人。介詞to后是賓語從句,從句中動(dòng)詞wins前缺主語,而且金牌給的是“人”,故用whoever引導(dǎo)賓語從句。whomever在從句中作賓語,故排除。,答案,,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,5.Every year,________ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.(2017北京,23) A.whatever B.whoever C.whomever D.whichever,解析,解析考查主語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意為:每年,在風(fēng)箏節(jié)上風(fēng)箏做得最漂亮的人會(huì)贏得獎(jiǎng)品。whoe
5、ver無論誰,表泛指,在句中作主語,相當(dāng)于anyone who。whomever在句中只能作賓語,不合題意;whatever任何的事物;whichever無論哪個(gè),無論哪些。,答案,,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,6.She asked me ________ I had returned the books to the library,and I admitted that I hadnt.(2017天津,4) A.when B.where C.whether D.what,解析,解析考查賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意為:她問我是否(whether)已將那些書還給了圖書館,我承認(rèn)還沒還。when
6、什么時(shí)候;where在哪里;what什么,均不符合語境。,答案,,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,7.It is often the case ________ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.(2016江蘇,21) A.why B.what C.as D.that,解析,解析考查主語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意為:通常情況下,對(duì)于那些心存希望的人來說,一切皆有可能。本句中的it為形式主語,真正的主語為后面的名詞性從句,從句結(jié)構(gòu)完整,不缺成分,故要用that引導(dǎo)。,答案,,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,8.The manager p
7、ut forward a suggestion ________ we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.(2016天津,11) A.whether B.that C.which D.what,解析,解析考查同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意為:經(jīng)理提了個(gè)建議我們應(yīng)雇個(gè)助手。要做的工作太多了。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空格后的同位語從句用來解釋說明suggestion的具體內(nèi)容,從句中不缺成分且意義完整,故選B項(xiàng)。,答案,,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,診斷報(bào)告,解題方法 兩步定引導(dǎo)詞 1.確定是四種名詞性從句中的哪一種(根據(jù)從句在整個(gè)
8、句子中的作用確定) 2.劃分從句的句子成分,理解句意,選擇正確的連接詞。 (1)當(dāng)名詞性從句中缺少主語、賓語或表語時(shí),使用連接代詞。 (2)當(dāng)名詞性從句中主干齊全,根據(jù)句意判斷出缺少狀語時(shí),使用連接副詞。 (3)當(dāng)名詞性從句主干齊全,又不缺少狀語時(shí),使用從屬連接詞引導(dǎo)。,考點(diǎn)突破,,考點(diǎn)1what和that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句,1.We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to$20,half of________ it used to charge.(2017江蘇,26) A.that B.which C.wh
9、at D.how,解析考查賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意為:我們選擇這家旅館,因?yàn)檫@里一晚的價(jià)格降到了20美元,這是它以前要價(jià)的一半。從句意看,本句的half of部分在句中作$20的同位語,由此可知這里要用what引導(dǎo)賓語從句,作介詞of的賓語,同時(shí)what在賓語從句中又作charge的賓語,因此選C。,,解析,答案,2.The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ________ one can be entirely free from dust.(2016北京,29) A.what B.that C.whether D.why,解析,解析考查表
10、語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意為:雨季最令人愉快的事情是人可以完全不受灰塵的襲擾。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,is后的表語從句中不缺少成分,且句意完整,故選B。,答案,,考點(diǎn)歸納,1.what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的五種用法: (1)表示“的東西或事情”: Theyve done what they can to help her. 他們已經(jīng)盡力幫助了她。 (2)表示“的人或樣子”: He is no longer what he was. 他已經(jīng)不是以前的那個(gè)樣子了。,(3)表示“的數(shù)量或數(shù)目”: The number of the students in our school is ten times what it
11、 was before liberation.現(xiàn)在我校學(xué)生的數(shù)量是解放前的10倍。 (4)表示“時(shí)間”: The young girl was too frightened to speak,standing there for what seemed like hours. 小女孩嚇得不敢說話,大概在那兒站了幾個(gè)小時(shí)。 (5)表示“的地方”: In 1492,Columbus reached what is now called America. 1492年哥倫布到達(dá)了現(xiàn)在所稱的美洲大陸。,2.what 與that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)的區(qū)別: 兩者均可引導(dǎo)主語、表語、賓語、同位語從句。what
12、可在從句中用作主語、賓語或表語,意為“什么”或“所的”,而 that 僅起連接作用,本身沒有實(shí)際意義,在從句中也不充當(dāng)任何句子成分(引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)通常可以省略,如果有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上并列的賓語從句,第一個(gè)從句的引導(dǎo)詞that可以省略,其余的不能省略)。 (1)He doesnt know what she likes. 他不知道她喜歡什么。 (2)I believe (that) he will e to see us. 我相信他會(huì)來看我們的。,,考點(diǎn)2同位語從句,After investigation,the police found out one clue ________ voices
13、were heard calling for help from some very distant place that day. A.where B.when C.that D.whose,解析,解析句意為:在調(diào)查之后,警察發(fā)現(xiàn)了一條線索,那天有人聽到遠(yuǎn)處某個(gè)地方傳來了呼救聲。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)同位語從句,從句意義、結(jié)構(gòu)完整,應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo),補(bǔ)充說明one clue的具體內(nèi)容。,答案,,考點(diǎn)歸納,判斷是同位語從句還是定語從句可以用“加詞”的方法,即在名詞和從句之間加入一個(gè)be動(dòng)詞,如果句子意思成立,則是同位語從句,否則是定語從句。 (1)The notice that the meeting h
14、ad to be put off was true.(同位語從句) 會(huì)議不得不推遲的通知是真的。 The notice was that the meeting had to be put off. (2)The notice that he read just now was true.(定語從句) 他剛才讀的那則通知是真的。,,考點(diǎn)3whether和if引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句,It is still under discussion ________ the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not. A.whet
15、her B.when C.which D.where,解析,解析考查主語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意為:老汽車站是否應(yīng)該被一個(gè)現(xiàn)代化的賓館代替仍然在討論之中。由or not可知此處應(yīng)用連接詞whether。whether...or not意為“是否”。,答案,,考點(diǎn)歸納,whether和if在動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句中經(jīng)常可以互換,但下列情況常用whether,不用if: (1)從句作介詞的賓語時(shí); (2)與or或or not連用時(shí); (3)引導(dǎo)主語從句、且位于句首時(shí); (4)引導(dǎo)表語從句和同位語從句時(shí)。,(1)I didnt know whether/if he would attend the concer
16、t. 我并不知道他是否參加音樂會(huì)。(動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句,可用if代替whether) (2)Im interested in whether youve finished the work. 我對(duì)你是否完成了這項(xiàng)工作感興趣。(介詞后的賓語從句中,不可以用if代替whether) (3)It remains to be seen whether this plan is practical enough to keep the project going. 這個(gè)計(jì)劃是否足夠?qū)嵱?,以使這個(gè)項(xiàng)目繼續(xù)下去還有待觀察。(主語從句,不可用if代替whether),(4)The question is whe
17、ther it is worth trying. 問題是它值不值得一試。(表語從句,不可用if代替whether) (5)The question whether the work was worth doing has not been decided.這項(xiàng)工作是否值得做的問題還有待定論。(同位語從句,不可用if代替whether),,考點(diǎn)4when,where,how,why引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句,1.Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street,not knowing ________ she was heading.(2017北京,26) A
18、.why B.where C.how D.when,解析,解析考查賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意為:簡(jiǎn)沿著綠樹成蔭的街道漫無目的地走著,并不知道要去哪里(where)。why為什么;how怎樣;when什么時(shí)候。,答案,,2.________ we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel. (2015北京,35) A.Where B.How C.Why D.When,解析,解析考查主語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意為:我們?cè)鯓永斫馐挛锱c我們所感覺到的東西有很大關(guān)系。 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知“________ we understand things”為主語
19、從句,結(jié)合句意可知選B。,答案,,3.________ Li Bai,a great Chinese poet,was born is known to the public,but some wont accept it.(2015江蘇,25) A.That B.Why C.Where D.How,解析,解析考查主語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意為:李白,一個(gè)偉大的中國(guó)詩人,其出生地是眾所周知的,但也有一些人不接受它?!癢here Li Bai...was born”作該句子的主語,表示“李白出生的地方”。,答案,,考點(diǎn)歸納,1.who,why,how,where,when等在從句中既作特定的成分,又有
20、具體的含義,不能省略。大多數(shù)連接副詞表示疑問意義,引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí),常用it作形式主語。 2.能接以上詞引導(dǎo)賓語從句的動(dòng)詞很多,常見的有see,tell,ask,answer,know,decide,imagine,suggest,doubt,wonder,show,discuss,understand,inform,advise等。,3.以上詞可引導(dǎo)介詞的賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。 (1)Who will be chosen as the best singer has not been decided. 誰將被選為最佳歌手還沒有決定。 (2)It never occurred to m
21、e how tough it was to begin a new life in a strange city.我從來也沒有想過在一個(gè)陌生的城市開始新生活是多么困難。 (3)I dont know why it was that our headmaster was absent from such an important meeting. 我不知道到底為什么我們的校長(zhǎng)缺席如此重要的會(huì)議。 (4)Grandma pointed to the hospital and said,“Thats where I was born.”奶奶指著那個(gè)醫(yī)院說:“那就是我出生的地方?!?,考點(diǎn)5“疑問詞-
22、ever”引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句,1.Your support is important to our work.________ you can do helps. (2016北京,24) A.However B.Whoever C.Whatever D.Wherever,解析,解析考查主語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意為:你們的支持對(duì)我們的工作很重要,無論你們做什么都會(huì)有幫助。從句動(dòng)詞do需要賓語,且引導(dǎo)主語從句,故用whatever,表示“無論什么”。,答案,,2.Some people believe ________ has happened before or is happening now wi
23、ll repeat itself in the future.(2014北京,33) A.whatever B.whenever C.wherever D.however,解析,解析考查賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。believe后是賓語從句且從句中缺少主語,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有whatever可以作主語。,答案,,考點(diǎn)歸納,whichever,whatever,whoever引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,它們本身有詞義,既有連接從句的作用,又在從句中作特定的成分,起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用,意為“無論,不管”。 (1)The club will give whoever wins a prize. 俱樂部將給獲勝者獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。(賓語從句) (2
24、)Whoever wants to reach a distant goal must take many small steps. 任何想要實(shí)現(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)大目標(biāo)的人,都必須一步一步地走。(主語從句),專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,1.Id like to start my own businessthats Id do if I had the money.(2018紅橋區(qū)二模) A.why B.when C.which D.what,解析,解析在本題中,is缺表語,Id do中缺賓語,故用what來引導(dǎo)。,答案,,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,2.I coul
25、d hardly believe my ears when the news came I had won the first place in the Oral English Contest.(2017天津五校聯(lián)考二模) A.that B.when C.where D.why,解析,解析空格后面的從句解釋說明news的內(nèi)容,是同位語從句,且從句中不缺少任何成分,所以用that引導(dǎo)。故選A。,答案,,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,3.You oughtnt to have gone out without a coat yesterday.It wasnt surprisin
26、g you caught a cold.(2017紅橋區(qū)二模) A.whether B.why C.how D.that,解析,解析句意為:你昨天本不應(yīng)該不穿外套就出去的。你感冒了并不奇怪。it為形式主語,真正的主語是that引導(dǎo)的主語從句。主語從句結(jié)構(gòu)、意思完整,故用連接詞that。,答案,,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,4.The store said if the melons didnt sell at the asking price within two weeks,it would sell them to offers the most money. (20
27、17河?xùn)|區(qū)一模) A.who B.whoever C.no matter who D.whomever,解析,解析句意為:商店說如果甜瓜兩個(gè)星期內(nèi)不能以要價(jià)賣出,它會(huì)把它們賣給出錢最多的任何人。此處whoeveranyone who。,答案,,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,5. Im concerned about most is we can collect a huge amount of money in such a short time.(2018天津一中5月考) A.That;how B.What;if C.What;how D.As;whether,解析,解析
28、is前面應(yīng)該是一個(gè)主語從句,從句中缺少一個(gè)介詞about的賓語,所以需要使用what來引導(dǎo)該主語從句;而is后面為一個(gè)疑問句,屬于表語從句,根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)該是表達(dá)籌錢的方式,所以用how來引導(dǎo)。,答案,,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,6. is willing to volunteer in the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics is wele to join us.(2018河西區(qū)二模) A.Whatever B.Whoever C.Whenever D.Wherever,解析,解析本題考查主語從句中的引導(dǎo)詞;whatever無論什么;whoeve
29、r無論誰,任何人;whenever無論何時(shí);wherever無論哪里。題干中第二個(gè)is前的主語從句“ is willing to volunteer in the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics”中缺少主語,表示“任何人”,故答案是B。,答案,,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,7.When we are in trouble,they really want to know do to help us. (2017河?xùn)|區(qū)二模) A.what can they B.how can they C.how they can D.what they can,
30、解析,解析句意為:當(dāng)我們遇到麻煩時(shí),他們真的想知道他們能做些什么來幫助我們。本題考查兩點(diǎn):一是名詞性從句的語序陳述句語序,即“主語謂語”;二是what與how的用法區(qū)別:how to do (how表示方式),what to do (what作動(dòng)詞do的賓語)。,答案,,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,8. is known to us is that tobacco contains nicotine and other harmful substances,so you should give up smoking.(2017南開區(qū)三模) A.As B.It C.What D
31、.Which,解析,解析句意為:我們都知道煙草含有尼古丁和其他有害物質(zhì),所以你應(yīng)該戒煙。本句第一分句為主系表結(jié)構(gòu):主語為主語從句What is known to us (what在從句中作主語);is為系動(dòng)詞;that引導(dǎo)表語從句。本題易忽略第二個(gè)is,認(rèn)為it為形式主語,that從句為真正的主語,從而錯(cuò)選B。,答案,,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,9.We had to agree to accept they thought was the best candidate. (2017河西區(qū)二模) A.however B.whoever C.wherever D.whenev
32、er,解析,解析句意為:我們不得不同意接受他們所認(rèn)為的最好的任何一個(gè)候選人。從句中缺少主語而且指“人”,故選whoever。they thought為插入語。,答案,,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,10. they choose Chinese pany is that China has the most advanced technology of high-speed railway in the world. (2017天津五校聯(lián)考一模) A.Whether B.Where C.When D.Why,解析,解析根據(jù)后文“中國(guó)擁有世界上最先進(jìn)的高鐵制造技術(shù)”可知,這是他們選擇中國(guó)公司的原因,前后為因果關(guān)系,故選D。,答案,,
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