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1、第2課時(shí)高瞻遠(yuǎn)矚鎖定主旨大意類題目,怎么考 主旨大意類題目主要考查全文的主旨大意、段落的中心思想，作者的寫(xiě)作目的和文章標(biāo)題。 常見(jiàn)的設(shè)問(wèn)方式有： 1.The main idea/key point of this passage is that ________. 2.The passage is mainly about ________.,3.The best title/headline for this passage is ________. 4.The topic/subject discussed in this passage is ________. 5.From the p

2、assage we can learn/conclude that ________. 6.The last paragraph is chiefly concerned with ________. 7.Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage? 8.Which of the following best states the theme of the passage?,怎么學(xué) 在平時(shí)的閱讀練習(xí)中，注意文章的體裁，把握作者的寫(xiě)作目的與思路，學(xué)會(huì)抓主題句、主題段，關(guān)注文章的首段、尾

3、段、每段的首句和尾句等。另外，掌握略讀與細(xì)讀的基本技巧，學(xué)會(huì)積累、尋找關(guān)鍵詞像the most important，finally等，像概括類詞therefore，in a word等。,怎么解 做此類題目時(shí)做到： 1.高瞻遠(yuǎn)矚，不可以偏概全；不可以個(gè)人的思想代替作者的思想。 2.在了解全文大意的基礎(chǔ)上，仔細(xì)考慮選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容與文章主題有沒(méi)有聯(lián)系； 3.看選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容對(duì)文章概括得是否正確； 4.要注意選項(xiàng)中所給出的題目范圍是否過(guò)大或過(guò)小。要避免以下三種錯(cuò)誤：概括不夠，過(guò)度概括，以事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)替代概括性強(qiáng)的大意。,5.找主題句的四個(gè)小竅門(mén)： (1)段落中出現(xiàn)表轉(zhuǎn)折的詞語(yǔ)(如however，but，in fac

4、t，actually，while，on the contrary，in contrast等)時(shí)，其后的句子很可能是主題句。 (2)首段出現(xiàn)疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，對(duì)該問(wèn)題的回答很可能就是主題句。 (3)作者有意識(shí)地反復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)的觀點(diǎn)，通常是主旨；反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞語(yǔ)，一般為體現(xiàn)文章主旨的關(guān)鍵詞。 (4)表示總結(jié)或結(jié)論的詞或短語(yǔ)有therefore，thus，in short，conclude，in conclusion等。,【典例剖析1】 體裁：議論文話題：睡眠詞數(shù)：248時(shí)間：7 (2016四川卷，D)A warm drink of milk before bed has long been the best ch

5、oice for those wanting a good nights sleep.But now a study has found it really does help people nod offif it is milked from a cow at night. Researchers have discovered that“night milk” contains more melatonin(褪黑激素)，which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety.,The study，by res

6、earchers from Seoul，South Korea，involved mice being fed with dried milk powder made from cows milked both during the day and at night. Those given night milk，which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin，were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime，accor

7、ding to the study published in The Journal of Medicinal Food. Night milk quickened the start of sleep and caused the mice to sleep longer.,While the effect of cows milk harvested at different time has not been tested on humans up to now，taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are stru

8、ggling to fall asleep at night. Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep because of the calcium content，which helps people to relax.,Milk is also sugar-free and additive-free with nutritionists recommending skimmed milk as the best choice before bed as it is

9、the least fattening.The more fat you take in before bedtime，the greater burden you will put on your body at night. 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇科普文章。好多人有晚上睡覺(jué)前喝一杯熱牛奶的習(xí)慣，認(rèn)為有助于睡眠。但是現(xiàn)在，一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)如果是夜間擠的奶，它確實(shí)幫助人們睡眠。,1.According to the text，the mice fed with daytime milk________. A.started sleep more easily B.were more anxious

10、C.were less active D.woke up later 答案B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Those given night milk，which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin，were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime”可知喝白天擠的牛奶的老鼠比喝夜間擠的牛奶的老鼠更容易焦躁。,2.Which of the following is true of melatonin according to

11、 the text? A.Its been tested on mice for ten times. B.It can make people more energetic. C.It exists in milk in great amount. D.Its used in sleeping drugs. 答案D是非判斷題。根據(jù)第六段中的“taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night”可知，褪黑激素已經(jīng)制成藥物供那些難以入睡的人服用。,3.What

12、can be a suitable title for the text? A.Night Milk and Sleep B.Fat Sugar and Health C.An Experiment on Mice D.Milk Drinking and Health 答案A主旨大意題。文章主要說(shuō)明了喝夜間擠的牛奶與睡眠之間的關(guān)系。所以選項(xiàng)A 是文章的最佳標(biāo)題。,4.How does the author support the theme of the text? A.By giving examples. B.By stating arguments. C.By explaining st

13、atistical data. D.By providing research results. 答案D篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。詳讀全文，可以看出作者是通過(guò)提供研究成果來(lái)支持文章主題的，故選D項(xiàng)。,【典例剖析2】 體裁：議論文話題：消息傳播詞數(shù)：347時(shí)間：8 (2016全國(guó)卷，D)Bad news sells.If it bleeds，it leads.No news is good news，and good news is no news.Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers.But

14、 now that information is being spread and monitored(監(jiān)控) in different ways，researchers are discovering new rules.By tracking peoples e-mails and online posts，scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.,“The if it bleeds rule works for mass media，

15、” says Jonah Berger，a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania.“They want your eyeballs and dont care how youre feeling.But when you share a story with your friends，you care a lot more how they react.You dont want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.” Researchers analyzing word-of-mouth communi

16、cation e-mails，Web posts and reviews，face-to-face conversationsfound that it tended to be more positive than negative(消極的)，but that didnt necessarily mean people preferred positive news.,Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things？To test fo

17、r that possibility，Dr.Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories: thousands of articles on The New York Times website.He and a Penn colleague analyzed the “most e-mailed” list for six months.One of his first finds was that articles in the science section were much more likel

18、y to make the list than non-science articles.He found that science amazed Times readers and made them want to share this positive feeling with others.,Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny，or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety，but not articles that left

19、 them merely sad.They needed to be aroused(激發(fā)) one way or the other，and they preferred good news to bad.The more positive an article，the more likely it was to be shared，as Dr.Berger explains in his new book，“Contagious: Why Things Catch On.” 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇議論文，研究表明好消息要比壞消息在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上傳播的更快、更廣。,5.What do the cla

20、ssic rules mentioned in the text apply to? A.News reports. B.Research papers. C.Private e-mails. D.Daily conversations. 答案A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)首段中的Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers.可知，這些規(guī)則適用于新聞報(bào)道。故選A。,6.What can we infer about people like Debbie Downer? A.Theyre socia

21、lly inactive. B.Theyre good at telling stories. C.Theyre inconsiderate of others. D.Theyre careful with their words. 答案C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后兩句可知，像Debbie Downer那樣的人是不替別人著想的。故選 C。,7.Which tended to be the most e-mailed according to Dr.Bergers research? A.Sports news. B.Science articles. C.Personal accounts.

22、D.Financial reviews. 答案B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后兩句可知，人們更愿意發(fā)送一些科學(xué)類的文章。故選B。,8.What can be a suitable title for the text? A.Sad Stories Travel Far Wide. B.Online News Attracts More People. C.Reading Habits Change with the Times. D.Good News Beats Bad on Social Networks. 答案D文章標(biāo)題題。文章主要表明了通過(guò)研究證明了好消息要比壞消息在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上傳播的更快、更廣。故選D。,