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1、2016高考導(dǎo)航適用于全國(guó)卷,專(zhuān)題5定語(yǔ)從句,,1(2015高考安徽卷，單項(xiàng)填空，改編)Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon ____________ school education depends. 2(2015高考四川卷，單項(xiàng)填空，改編)The books on the desk，____________covers are shiny，are prizes for us. 3(2015泰安二模)The work camp was mainly made up of teenagers____________ha

2、d given up part of their summer vacation to help others.,考點(diǎn)一關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,which,whose,who/that,4(2015河北保定二模)However，he had no other choice， though.First Jack was to draft the speech，____________was just a piece of cake for him because he was a good writer. 5(2015濟(jì)寧模擬)____________is expected，the air qu

3、ality in the city has improved in the past two months.,which,As,1which指物，在從句中可以作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以 省略。 2that指人或物均可，在從句中可以作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ) 時(shí)可以省略。 She showed the visitors around the museum that/which had been constructed three years before. 她帶著這些游客參觀了那座三年前建造的博物館。,3.限制性定語(yǔ)從句中,關(guān)系代詞只用that不用which的情況： (1)先行詞為不定代詞all，an

4、ything，nothing，something，everything,nothing,none，the one等或被不定代詞修飾時(shí)。 I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone elses fault. 我拒絕接受因別人的錯(cuò)誤而對(duì)我進(jìn)行的指責(zé)。 (2)先行詞是形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞，或先行詞前有形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。 The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 他們?cè)诠鹆謪⒂^的第一個(gè)地方是象鼻山。,(3)先行詞被the

5、only，the very，the last，the same，any，every，each，few，little，no，some等修飾時(shí)。 The only part of the meal that I really liked was the dessert.這頓飯只有甜點(diǎn)是我愛(ài)吃的。 (4)先行詞既有表示人又有表示物的名詞時(shí)。 They will never forget the things and persons that theyve seen or heard of during their long journey. 他們將永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記在他們的長(zhǎng)途旅行中見(jiàn)到或聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)的人 和事

6、。,4關(guān)系詞只用which而不用that的情況：(一句話口訣：介詞后、逗號(hào)后不可用that) (1)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)。 Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a Tshirt，which is a stupid thing to do in such weather. 特德周末來(lái)時(shí)只穿著短褲和一件T恤，這種天氣穿這樣的衣服有點(diǎn)傻。 (2)當(dāng)從句中的介詞提前，構(gòu)成“介詞關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)。 We live in an age in which more information is available with great

7、er ease than ever before. 我們生活在一個(gè)信息比以前更容易獲得的時(shí)代。,5who，whom的用法 who或whom均可指代人，但who在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，whom在從句中作賓語(yǔ)；兩者在引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)?？捎胻hat替換。作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，who/that不可省略；作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，whom/who/that可以省略。 Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school who/whom/that I met in the English speech contest last year.我與好幾位去年

8、在英語(yǔ)演講比賽中結(jié)識(shí)的同校同學(xué)成了好朋友。,6whose的用法 whose表所屬關(guān)系，既可指人也可指物，在從句中作定語(yǔ)。指物時(shí)相當(dāng)于of which；指人時(shí)相當(dāng)于of whom。 The school shop, whose customers are mainly students，is closed for the holidays. 這家校內(nèi)商店的主要顧客是學(xué)生，放假時(shí)商店關(guān)門(mén)。,7as也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，定語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明整個(gè)句子，可放在主句之前。常用的這種類(lèi)似插入語(yǔ)的句式有as is said above，as is already mentioned above，as often

9、 happens，as is often the case，as is reported in the newspaper，such...as...，the same...as...等。 Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China.像在我們車(chē)間使用的機(jī)器是中國(guó)制造的。 “You cant judge a book by its cover，”as the old saying goes.正如老話所說(shuō)的那樣：“人不可貌相?！?單句語(yǔ)法填空 1(2015河北邢臺(tái)高三摸底考試)Officer：Im afraid I cant

10、 do that，Madam.In school zones，Im required to give tickets to all drivers____________break the rules.Its the law in this county. 2(2015煙臺(tái)模擬)Those____________want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning.,who/that,who,3.Im glad to introduce Mr.Smith to you，without_______ c

11、onsideration our project would have ended in failure. 4____________is often the case with children，Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.,whose,As,1(2015滕州5月模擬)She dreamed of the day__________ the manager of the supermarket would say to her with a smile，“Madam，this is your lucky day.Everythi

12、ng in your basket is free.” 2Mr.Brown was tired of living in the big city___________ he worked.He wanted to move to the country and live in a house from which he could get to his office in the city early every day.,考點(diǎn)二關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,when,where,3(2015江西鷹潭二模)The police must give the reasons ____________t

13、hey are arresting him and tell him his rights under the law. 4(2015高考陜西卷，語(yǔ)法和詞匯知識(shí)，改編)As the smallest child of his family，Alex is always longing for the time____________he should be able to be independent.,why,when,1where表地點(diǎn)，在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于“介詞in/at/on...which”。 A bank is the place where they lend you

14、an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain. 銀行是在天晴之時(shí)借傘給你，到了下雨時(shí)就催你還回去的 地方。,2當(dāng)先行詞為situation，case，stage，point，atmosphere等抽象名詞，且引導(dǎo)詞在定語(yǔ)從句中表示事情發(fā)生的情況、階段等時(shí)，常用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)。 (2015高考浙江卷，單項(xiàng)填空，改編)Creating an atmosphere where employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.創(chuàng)造出讓員工感覺(jué)到自己就

15、是團(tuán)隊(duì)一員的一種氛圍是極大的挑戰(zhàn)。 3why表原因，在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于“介詞forwhich”結(jié)構(gòu)。 Do you know the reason why/for which he didnt attend the meeting? 你知道他沒(méi)參加會(huì)議的原因嗎？,特別注意 在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，常用for which表原因而不用why。 I had told them the reason，for which I didnt attend the meeting. 我把理由告訴了他們，為此我沒(méi)有去開(kāi)會(huì)。 4when表時(shí)間，在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于“介詞in/at/on/dur

16、ing...which”結(jié)構(gòu)。 (2014高考湖南卷，單項(xiàng)填空，改編)I am looking forward to the day when my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.我正期待著那一天的到來(lái)，那時(shí)我女兒可以讀這本書(shū)并且了解我對(duì)她的感情。,單句語(yǔ)法填空 1(2015高考北京卷，單項(xiàng)填空，改編)Opposite is St.Pauls Church，____________you can hear some lovely music. 2(2015湖南懷化一模)Almost every teenager

17、 will experience a period in their life____________they arent content with their parents. 3(2015山師大附中模擬)It would have turned into another one of those moments____________the thought of sending a card crossed my mind but never actually happened.,where,when,when,技法1識(shí)別定語(yǔ)從句、并列句 在英語(yǔ)中，有許多從句，如主語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句以及強(qiáng)

18、調(diào)句型與定語(yǔ)從句有許多相似之處。因此，命題人會(huì)利用這些相似性，設(shè)置一個(gè)特定語(yǔ)境，來(lái)考查考生對(duì)這些易混點(diǎn)的辨析能力。遇到這樣的問(wèn)題，我們的思路就是：抓住它們各自的特征，結(jié)合語(yǔ)境去判斷到底屬于何種句型或從句。,(2015泰安檢測(cè))There were many people waiting at the bus stop，some of____________looked very anxious and disappointed，but none of____________jumped the queue. 【解析】此題考查定語(yǔ)從句和并列句的區(qū)別。第一空為定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞people，第二空

19、由but可知為并列句應(yīng)用them。句意：許多人都在公共汽車(chē)站等，一些人看起來(lái)很焦慮又很失望，但是沒(méi)有一個(gè)人插隊(duì)。,whom,them,技法2分析先行詞，確定引導(dǎo)詞 首先確定先行詞，然后分析引導(dǎo)詞在從句中充當(dāng)什么成分：作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)用關(guān)系代詞which/that/who/whom/as；作定語(yǔ)用whose；作狀語(yǔ)則用關(guān)系副詞when/where/why；作介詞賓語(yǔ)則用關(guān)系代詞which/whom。 另外，考生應(yīng)考慮特殊情況：只用that的情況、只用which的情況、as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句等。,(2013高考福建卷，單項(xiàng)填空，改編)The book tells stories of the ear

20、thquake through the eyes of those_________ lives were affected. 【解析】句意：這本書(shū)從經(jīng)歷過(guò)地震的人的角度來(lái)講述地震的故事。主句結(jié)構(gòu)完整，先行詞those，引導(dǎo)詞代替先行詞在從句中修飾名詞lives，作定語(yǔ)，因此用whose。,whose,(2015高考全國(guó)卷，語(yǔ)法填空，節(jié)選)Id skipped nearby Guilin，a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River ____________are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings. 【解析】句意：我曾與桂林擦身而過(guò)，那是游客盡覽石灰?guī)r群峰和漓江綠水的夢(mèng)幻之境，是被中國(guó)藝術(shù)家在很多繪畫(huà)作品中描繪的地方。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River，且引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，故填關(guān)系代詞that或which。,that/which,