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1、命題分析,專題8特殊句式,,1(2015高考重慶卷，單項填空，改編)Bach died in 1750，but it was not until the early 19th century____________his musical gift was fully recognized. 2(2016安徽合肥名校聯(lián)考改編)It was not the word you said ____________angered Mr.Zhang，but how you said it. 3(2015陜西質(zhì)量檢測)It is your attitude towards it ____________ma

2、tters.We should take the advantages and avoid some bad effects.,考點(diǎn)一強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,that,that,that,1強(qiáng)調(diào)句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)及用法 (1)基本句型：It is/was被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分that/who... It is only by listening to and understanding each other that problems between parents and children can be settled.只有通過傾聽和相互理解，孩子和父母之間的問題才可能被解決。 (強(qiáng)調(diào)方式狀語) (2014高考福建卷，單項

3、填空，改編)It was the culture，rather than the language，that made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.是文化而不是語言使他很難適應(yīng)國外的新環(huán)境。(強(qiáng)調(diào)主語),(2)一般疑問句形式： Is/Was it被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分that其他？ (2014高考四川卷，單項填空，改編)Was it because Jack came late for school that Mr.Smith got angry？是因為杰克上學(xué)遲到使史密斯先生生氣的嗎？ (3)特殊疑問句形式：特殊疑問詞is

4、/was it被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分that/who其他？ When was it that he made up his mind to take this course？他是什么時候決定選修這門課程的？,易錯警示 如果由特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作賓語從句時，從句必須使用陳述語序，不可用疑問語序。 He asked me who it was that took his umbrella by mistake.他問我是誰錯拿了他的雨傘。 (4)含有not...until...的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：It is/was not until被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分that... It was not until near th

5、e end of the letter that she mentioned her own plan. 直到信的末尾她才提到她自己的計劃。,2強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語動詞 強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語動詞時，要在所強(qiáng)調(diào)的謂語動詞前加助動詞do，does或did。 The family did manage to send him to a technical school.家里的確設(shè)法讓他上技術(shù)學(xué)校。,單句語法填空 1(2015湖南衡陽一聯(lián))It was in the final days of my husbands life，as I sat by his bed，____________I tried to memori

6、ze his loving hands. 2(2015南陽一中二模)It is only in the last few years __________freeflying has gained any real public acceptance. 3(2015石家莊二模)On receiving my learners permit a couple of months ago，I started driving lessons straight away.However，it wasnt until two days ago____________ Dad finally allowe

7、d me to drive on the motorway.,that,that,that,1(2015高考天津卷，單項填空，改編) Only when Lily walked into the office____________she realize that she had left the contract at home. 2(2014高考陜西卷，單項填空，改編)No sooner ____________Mo Yan stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.,考點(diǎn)二倒裝句,did,h

8、ad,一、部分倒裝 部分倒裝是指把謂語的一部分(助動詞、系動詞或情態(tài)動詞)置于主語之前。這類句型主要有以下幾種形式： 1當(dāng)否定詞或帶有否定意義的詞或短語位于句首時，常用部分倒裝。這類詞或短語有：little，few，never，seldom，rarely，by no means，not only，not until，at no time，under/in no circumstances，in no case，in no way，no sooner，hardly，scarcely等。 Not until he went through real hardship did he realize

9、the love we have for our families is important. 直到他經(jīng)歷了真正的困難，他才意識到我們對家人的愛的重 要性。,Not only will help be given to people to find jobs，but also medical treatment will be provided for people who need it.不僅要給那些找工作的人提供幫助，而且也要給那些有需要的人提供醫(yī)療保健服務(wù)。 2當(dāng)only修飾的副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句位于句首時，用部分倒裝。 (2014高考湖南卷，單項填空，改編)Only when yo

10、u can find peace in your heart will you keep good relationships with others.只有當(dāng)你找到內(nèi)心的平靜時你才能與他人保持良好的關(guān)系。,3so/neither/nor置于句首時，用部分倒裝。 (1)“sobe/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞主語”表示前面所說的肯定情況也適合于另一人或物，意為“也是如此”。 Ive got an enormous amount of work to do. 我有大量的作業(yè)要做。 So have I. 我也如此。,(2)“neither/norbe/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞主語”表示前面否定的內(nèi)容也適用于另一人或物，

11、意為“也不這樣”。 This is not my story，nor is it the whole story.My story plays out differently. 這并不是(關(guān)于)我的故事，它也不是故事的全部。我的故事的結(jié)局是不同的。 4在so/such...that...結(jié)構(gòu)中，當(dāng)“so形容詞/副詞”或“such名詞”位于句首時，用部分倒裝。 (2015杭州五校第一次聯(lián)考)So suddenly did he catch the disease that the whole family were at a great loss.他突然患 病，全家人全然不知所措。,5在as/t

12、hough引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，當(dāng)從句的表語/狀語/動詞位于句首時，用部分倒裝。如果位于句首的是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，其前不加冠詞。 (2015天津六校第一次聯(lián)考)Hard as they tried，they couldnt make her change her mind. 盡管他們盡力了，但他們還是沒能讓她改變主意。 6在非真實條件句中，條件句中的if省略時，助動詞had，were，should提到主語前面。 Should he (If he should)come，tell him to ring me up.如果他來了，告訴他給我打電話。,二、完全倒裝 完全倒裝是指將謂語動詞完全提到主語之前

13、。 1表示時間、地點(diǎn)和動作轉(zhuǎn)移的副詞，如here，there，now，then，up，down，in，away，out等置于句首時，且主語是名詞，謂語動詞是不及物動詞，句子需用完全倒裝。此 時，句子多用一般現(xiàn)在時或一般過去時。 The moment the bell rang，out rushed the children. 鈴一響，孩子們沖了出去。,易錯警示 主語為人稱代詞時，則不倒裝。 The moment the bell rang，out they rushed. 鈴一響，他們沖了出去。 2當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語位于句首時，且主語是名詞，謂語動詞是不及物動詞，為了避免頭重腳輕，句子需進(jìn)行完全倒裝。

14、 (2015長沙二模)Next door to ours live a foreign couple，who seem to have settled into life in China.我們隔壁住著一對外國夫婦，他們看起來已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了中國的生活。,3有時為平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)或突出、強(qiáng)調(diào)，將作表語的介詞短 語、形容詞、副詞或分詞提到句首，構(gòu)成“表語系動詞 主語”的完全倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。 Present at the party were Mr.Green and many other guests.出席晚會的有格林先生，還有許多別的賓客。,單句語法填空 1(2015福建4月檢測)Only when she

15、began to write Growing Up Again ____________she regret ignoring her mum. 2The headmaster will not permit the change in the course；nor____________he even give it a thought.,did,will,1(2015河北邢臺高三摸底考試)Officer：Madam，there ____________(be) signs that say what the speed limit is. 2(2015河南洛陽第二次統(tǒng)考)“An apple

16、 a day keeps the doctor away.”also____________(show) a healthy everyday habit helps to build up our body. 3(2014高考湖南卷，單項填空，改編)All we need ____________(be) a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.,考點(diǎn)三主謂一致,are,shows,is,4The famou

17、s musician，as well as his students， ____________(invite) to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.,was invited,1語法一致原則 主語后跟有with，together with，as well as，like，but，except，along with，rather than，including，in addition to等引起的短語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)要與前面的主語保持一致。 Mr.Smith，together with his wife

18、 and daughters，is going to visit Beijing this summer.史密斯先生和他的妻子、女兒們今年夏天將要一起參觀北京。 I think Tom，rather than you is to blame for the accident.我認(rèn)為是湯姆而不是你該為此事故負(fù)責(zé)任。,2就近一致原則 (1)由or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but also...等連接的并列主語，謂語動詞常與最近的主語在單復(fù)數(shù)上保持一致。 Either you or one of your students is to a

19、ttend the meeting that is due tomorrow. 你或者你的一名學(xué)生應(yīng)該出席明天的會議。 (2)由there，here引導(dǎo)的主語不止一個時，謂語動詞的數(shù)通常和最鄰近的主語保持一致。 There is a pencil and two pens in the pencilbox. 文具盒內(nèi)有一支鉛筆和兩支鋼筆。,3意義一致原則 (1)由連詞and連接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出現(xiàn)(不可分割的整體)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 A needle and thread was given to her，but she could not sew the button

20、 on. 針線給了她，但她不會把紐扣縫上。 (2)“no/each/every/many a 單數(shù)名詞andno/each/every/many a單數(shù)名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用 單數(shù)。 Every man and every woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers.每一個人都很有理由為他們的父親所從事的職業(yè)感到驕傲。,(3)非謂語動詞、名詞性從句作主語時，謂語動詞一般用 單數(shù)。 To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit. 早睡早起

21、是一個好習(xí)慣。,單句語法填空 1(2016安徽安慶聯(lián)考)Making a speech in front of a crowd of people____________(be) not his strength，but he makes up for it with his heart and efforts. 2(2015鄭州質(zhì)量檢測)More than one picture____________ (show) that over 70% of the island____________(be) covered by water. 3I，who____________(be) you

22、r best friend，will surely stand on your side.,is,shows,is,am,技法1熟記句型結(jié)構(gòu)，輕松定答案 ?？嫉奶厥饩涫蕉加幸欢ǖ囊?guī)律和句式結(jié)構(gòu)，只要平時記住這些規(guī)律和特征，便可輕松確定答案。比如強(qiáng)調(diào)句基本結(jié)構(gòu) 為：“It is/was被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分that/who...”，其判斷方法 為：若去掉It is/was和that/who之后，句子仍完整，則題干為強(qiáng)調(diào)句。,(2014高考湖南卷，單項填空，改編)Its not doing the things we like，but liking the things we have to do______

23、____ makes life happy. 【解析】句意：使生活變得快樂的不是做喜歡做的事情，而是樂于做我們不得不做的事情。將Its及設(shè)空處去掉，題干則可還原成：Not doing the things we like，but liking the things we have to do makes life happy.句子結(jié)構(gòu)及意義依然 完整，可判斷本句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，故填that。,that,技法2巧用還原法，化難為易 對于一些特殊的句型，一般情況下，考生可以把它還原為正 常句型，如把倒裝語序還原為正常語序，把省略句補(bǔ)全等 等，便能大大降低解題難度。,(2015日照檢測)At the t

24、op of the hill__________(lie) an old cottage which has a wonderful view of the whole city. 【解析】當(dāng)介詞短語置于句首時，主句應(yīng)用完全倒裝，去除修飾部分which has a wonderful view of the whole city后， 還原成正常語序：An old cottage____________(lie) at the top of the hill.句意：山頂上坐落著一間能一覽全城美景的古老 小屋。結(jié)合定語從句的時態(tài)可以判斷，此處應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在 時，故填lies。,lies,1(2014

25、高考湖南卷，單項填空，改編) Children，when ____________(accompany) by their parents，are allowed to enter the stadium. 2(2015青島檢測)The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police ____________. 3Dont do that again____________youll be in trouble.,考點(diǎn)四其他特殊句式,accompanied,not to,or,1省略 (1)

26、狀語從句的省略：當(dāng)時間、條件、讓步、方式等狀語從句的主語和主句的主語一致或從句的主語是it且從句中含be動詞時，可以省略狀語從句中的主語和be動詞，構(gòu)成下列結(jié)構(gòu)：連詞形容詞/介詞短語/現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞/不定式。 Although small，the company has about 1，000 buyers in over 30 countries.這家公司雖然小，但它在30多個國家有大約1 000個客戶。,(2)不定式的省略： 在一定的上下文中，為了避免重復(fù)，可以省去不定式中和前面句子中相同的動詞(短語)，只保留不定式符號to。否定形式的省略用not to。但如果省略的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中含有b

27、e，have，have been，通常保留這些詞。 but用作介詞，意為“除之外”時，前面有實義動詞do，后接不定式時，要省略to；但前面沒有實義動詞do時，后接的不定式不省略 to。,help后接不定式作賓語或賓補(bǔ)時,可省略 to,也可不省略。 If he takes on this work，he will have no choice but to meet an even greater challenge.如果他接受了這份工作，除了迎接更大的挑戰(zhàn)之外他別無選擇。 They did nothing but watch TV last night. 他們昨晚除了看電視什么都沒做。,2感嘆

28、句 感嘆句常用來表示驚嘆、贊美、喜悅等語氣。常見句型： (1)What a/an 形容詞單數(shù)名詞主語謂語！How形容詞a/an單詞名詞主語謂語！ (2)What(形容詞)不可數(shù)名詞/復(fù)數(shù)名詞主語謂語！ (3)How形容詞/副詞主語謂語！ (4)How主語謂語！ What a strange plant(How strange a plant)! Ive never seen it before. 這種植物真奇怪！我以前從未見過。 The shocking news made me realize what terrible problems we would face.這個驚人的消息使我意識到

29、我們將面臨多么嚴(yán)重的問題。,3祈使句 祈使句常用來表達(dá)命令、請求、禁止、建議、警告、勸告等。祈使句的主語一般是第二人稱you,但往往省略。祈使句的否定形式一般在動詞原形前加dont,也可用副詞never構(gòu)成。祈使句的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式可以在句首加do。祈使句的常見句型： (1)祈使句and簡單句 “如果就” (2)祈使句or/otherwise簡單句 “否則” (3)名詞詞組(多含有more，another)and簡單句 “如果再就” One more day，and Ill get everything ready. 再多給我一天，我就會把任何事情準(zhǔn)備好。,.單句語法填空 1(2015高考北京卷，單項

30、填空，改編)If ____________ (accept)for the job，youll be informed soon. 2(2014高考重慶卷，單項填空，改編)I spent two weeks in London last summer. Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay，____________ you?,accepted,didnt,.單句改錯 (2015高考湖南卷，單項填空，改編)Always to keep in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly. ________________,去掉第一個to,