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1、Unit 4 Sharing,知識歸納,知識清單,1. ___________ v. 調(diào)整; (使)適合 2. ___________ adj. 有關(guān)的; 切題的 3. ___________ vi. 參加; 參與 4. ___________ conj. 否則; 不然 adv. 用別的方法; 其他方面 5. ___________ vt. 捐贈 6.____________ adj. 自愿的; 志愿的; 無償?shù)?7.____________ vt. 購買,adjust,relevant,participate,otherwise,donate,voluntary,purchas

2、e,(一)基本單詞,8. ____________ vt. 分配; 分發(fā) 9. ____________ v. 工作; 運轉(zhuǎn); 操作 10. ___________ adj. 偏僻的,作口譯的人,特權(quán); 特別優(yōu)待,16. paperwork n. _________________ 17. arrangement n. _________________ 18. anniversary n. _________________ 19. security n. _________________ 20. clinic n. _________________,門診部; 小診所,文書工

3、作,安排; 排列,周年紀念日,安全; 保護; 保障,1. ______________ n. 安排; 排列 ______________ v. 安排; 改編; 整理 ______________ n. 安排者, 籌備者 2. ______________ vt. 捐贈 ______________ n. 捐贈(物) ______________ n. 捐贈者,arrange,arranger,arrangement,donation,donator,donate,(二)派生單詞,3. ______________ vt. 分發(fā); 分配 ______________ n. 分發(fā); 分配

4、; 分布狀態(tài) ______________ adj. 分布的, 個別的 ______________ n. 分發(fā)者, 批發(fā)商 4. ______________ v. 參加; 參與 ______________ n. 參加者 ______________ n. 參加,distributor,distribution,distributive,distribute,participant,participation,participate,5. ____________ adj. 自愿的; 志愿的; 無償?shù)? ____________ n. 自愿提供 ____________ adv.

5、 自愿地, 主動地,volunteer,voluntarily,voluntary,1. 接到的信 ________________ 2. 對有影響、起作用 ________________ 3. 極想; 渴望 ________________ 4. (指河流、井等)干涸 ________________ 5. 偶然遇到; 碰見 ________________ 6. 調(diào)整, 使適合 ________________ 7. 與有關(guān)系/密切相關(guān) ________________,hear from,make a difference,be dying to,dr

6、y up,e across,adjust (oneself) to,be relevant to,(三)短語,8. dry out __________________________ 9. in need ________________________ 11. the other day ________________ 12. to be honest ________________ 13. have the privilege to do sth. ________________ 14. operate on sb. ________________ 15. s

7、tick out ________________,(使浸水之物)完全變干; 干透,在困難中; 在危急中,伸出; 突出,不久前的一天,老實說,有特權(quán)干某事,給某人做手術(shù),核心要點,1. relevant adj. 有關(guān)的; 切題的 Sometimes I wonder how relevant chemistry is to these students, most of whom will be going back to their villages after Year 8 anyway. （課文原句） 有時候我真想知道，化學對這些孩子究竟有多大的用處。他們中的大多數(shù)人學完八年級以

8、后就要回到他們的村莊去了。,(一)單詞,【歸納】 be relevant to 與有關(guān); 與而論有實際價值 have no relevance to 與無關(guān) 【拓展】 relevance n. 關(guān)聯(lián); 相關(guān)性,Idontthinkwhathesaidis_____tothetopic wearediscussing.Hehasmissedthepoint. (2015, 湖北) A. faithful B. parallel C. relevant D. similar 【解析】我認為他所說的和我們今天討論的話題無關(guān)。他沒有抓住要點。A項“忠實的，忠誠的”；B項“與平行”；C項“和

9、相關(guān)”；D項“和相似”； berelevantto “和相關(guān)”。,2. adjust vi. (使)適合, 適應, 習慣 The hut was dark inside so it took time for our eyes to adjust. （課文原句） 小屋內(nèi)很黑，因此眼睛要過好一陣才能適應過來。,【歸納】 adjust sth. (to sth.) 調(diào)整(以適應/適合) adjust to sth. / doing sth. 適應/習慣(做)某事 adjust oneself to ... 使某人自己適應,【拓展】 adjustable adj. 可調(diào)節(jié)的, 可

10、調(diào)整的 adjustment n. 調(diào)節(jié), 調(diào)整 【聯(lián)想】 adapt (使)適應, 與adjust是同義詞。,用所給詞的正確形式填空。 Some schools will have to make ____________ (adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform. (2015, 江蘇) 有些學校將不得不做出一些調(diào)整來和國家足球改革保持一致。,adjustments,3. participate vi. 參與; 參加 I loved listening to the family softly talking to each

11、 other in their language, even though I could not participate in the conversation. （課文原句） 我很喜歡聽他們談話，盡管我不能加入他們的談話。,【歸納】 participate 為不及物動詞, 意為“參與, 參 加”, 常與介詞 in 連用。 participate in sth. 參與(某活動) participate in sth. with sb. 同某人參與某事 【拓展】 participation n. 參加, 參與 participant n. 參與者; 參加者,【辨析】 participate

12、, attend, join 其他方面 conj. 否則; 不然 Otherwise they dont waste anything. （課文原句） 否則的話，他們是不會浪費任何東西的。,【用法】 otherwise 作連詞時, 相當于or, 可位于句 首、句中或句末。多用于“祈使句 + otherwise + 陳述句”結(jié)構(gòu); 另外, otherwise 后的從句常用虛擬語氣。otherwise 它常構(gòu)成短語 or otherwise, 意為“或其它情況, 或相反”。,5. purchase vt. 購買 n. 購買; 購買的東西 When you purcha

13、se an item, we will send you an attractive card for you to send to your special person. （課文原句） 你選購一項禮物時，我們都會給你提供一張精美的卡片，讓你送給你的某個特殊的人。,【辨析】 purchase 還可以指用金錢雇傭、行賄等較抽象的“購買”。,6. operate vi. 運轉(zhuǎn), 運行; 發(fā)生影響, 起作用; 動手術(shù) vt. 操作; 控制; 經(jīng)營, 管理 This gift covers the cost of exercise books and textbook

14、s for munity primary schools that operate in poor or remote villages. （課文原句） 這一禮物用于支付貧窮和偏遠村莊的社區(qū)小學的練習冊及教科書 。,【歸納】 operate on sb. (for some disease) 給某人做手術(shù)(治療某種疾病) e into operation 生效 【拓展】 operation n. 手術(shù), 操作, 經(jīng)營 operator n. 操作人員, 接線員,hear from sb. 接到的來信; 收到的消息 It was wonderful to hear from y

15、ou. （課文原句） 收到你的信真是太高興了。,(二)短語,【用法】 hear from 后只可接人, 不可接某人的 信。收到某人的信可用 get / receive a letter from sb.。,【拓展】 hear sb. out 聽某人說完 hear about sb. / sth. 聽到關(guān)于某人/事物的消息 hear of sb. / sth. 聽到或知道某人/事物的情況,【辨析】 hear from receive 往往指收到具體的信件。,2. be dying to (do) 極想, 渴望(做) I know youre dying to hear all about m

16、y life here, so Ive included some photos which will help you picture the places I talk about. （課文原句） 我知道你急于了解我在這兒的生活情況。,【用法】 (be) dying to 后接動詞原形, 意為“迫切想 要做某事, 渴望去做某事”。此外, be dying for sth. 意為“渴望得到某物”。 【同義短語】 long / be eager / be anxious to do sth. 渴望做某事 long / be eager / be anxious for sth. 渴望得到某物

17、,【拓展】 由動詞 die 構(gòu)成的短語： die away 逐漸消失 die down 逐漸減弱 die off 相繼去世 die out 完全滅絕 die for 渴望,3. the other day 不久以前, 前幾天 The other day I was showing the boys the weekly chemistry experiment when, before I knew it, the mixture was bubbling over everywhere! （課文原句） 有一天，我正給孩子們做每周一次的化學實驗的演示，我還沒有明白怎么回事，混合

18、劑就到處冒氣泡了。,【拓展】 some other day = another day 改天 some day or other 總有一天, 遲早,= some days ago,4. in need 在需要中; 在困難中; 在危急中 Choose from this catalogue a really useful gift for some of the worlds poorest and bring hope for a better future to a munity in need. （課文原句） 從這份清單中選擇一份確實有用的禮物，送給世界上最窮苦的人吧！給急需幫助的社區(qū)

19、帶去改善未來的希望吧！,【用法】 in need 介詞 in 表示“處于之中”。 如要表示“需要什么”, 則用 in need of。 【諺語】 A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患難朋友才是真正的朋友。,【拓展】 in trouble 處在麻煩中 in difficulty 處在困難中 in danger 處在危險中 in good health 身體狀況好 in order 有秩序 in a hurry 匆匆忙忙,To be honest, I doubt whether Im making any difference to t

20、hese boys lives at all. (P29),句型： to be honest 說實在的 說明： 在句子中作獨立狀語, 常位于句首; 相同用法的有 To be fair / frank / brief / exact; 此類短語也可用另一種形式表達 Honestly / Fairly / Frankly / Exactly speaking。,(三)句式,【分析】 本句是一個主從復合句。 how引導的從句作wonder的賓語。 在賓語從句中, most of whom ... anyway 是“名詞/代詞 + 介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞”引導 的定語從句, 補充說明先行詞studen

21、ts。,2. Sometimes I wonder how relevant chemistry is to these students, most of whom will be going back to their villages after Year 8 anyway. (P29),3. It was such a privilege to have spent a day with Tombes family. (P30),句型： It was a privilege to do sth. 做某事是件榮幸/難得的事,4. The other day I was showing

22、the boys the weekly chemistry experiment when, before I knew it, the mixture was bubbling over everywhere! (P29),【分析】 when 表示突然發(fā)生某事, ?？勺g為“正在突然”。 before 在此表示“還沒來得及 就”, 引導時間狀語從句。 the other day 意為“前幾天”, 常和過去時態(tài)連用。,I. 用括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式填空。 1. When it rains the ground bees very ________ (mud). 2. As a waitres

23、s, in addition to her ________ (week) wage, Jane gets a lot of tips. 3. Protective clothing must be worn when the machine is in _________ (operate).,operation,muddy,weekly,4. We had a(n) ____________ (arrange) that he would clean the house and I would cook. 5. Charities appealed for _________ (donat

24、e) of food and clothing for victims of the hurricane. 6. The appointment was given to Wellington, mainly for ________ (politics) reasons. 7. Most children need the _______ (secure) of a stable family life.,security,arrangement,donations,political,II. 用適當?shù)慕樵~或副詞填空。 1. Police want to hear ______ anyone

25、 who has any information about the attack. 2. The organization distributed food and blankets _________ the earthquake victims. 3. Its important that children learn to understand the concept ___ sharing. 4. What experience do you have that is relevant ___ this position?,to,from,to/among,of,5. It took

26、 a few seconds for her eyes to adjust ____ the darkness. 6. This brilliant young violinist has appeared _____ concert platforms all round the world. 7. She never participates ___ any of our discussions, does she? 8. In summer, water the plants regularly and never let the soil dry ____.,out,to,on,in,

27、9. Taking too much water for household use is drying ___ the river. 10. Mary has the privilege ____ meeting the queen. 11. His hair was sticking up ____ all angles. 12. We just hope that the money goes to those who are most ____ need.,in,up,of,at,語法,限制性定語從句,考點一：關(guān)系代詞引導的限制性定語從句 【考例】 Well reach the sal

28、es targets in a month ____ we set at the beginning of the year. (2014，重慶) A. which B. where C. when D. what,【點撥】 選A。設(shè)空處引導定語從句，修飾先行詞sales targets，且在從句中作賓語，故選which。 2. Please send us all the information _____ you have about the candidate for the position. (2014年，陜西) A. that B. which C. as D. wh

29、at 【點撥】 選A。設(shè)空處引導定語從句，修飾先行詞 information，且在從句中作賓語，又因先行詞 information被all修飾，故選that。,3. A pany _____ profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad. (2014，山東) A. which B. whose C. who D. why 【點撥】 選B。設(shè)空處引導定語從句, 修飾先行詞 pany, 且在從句中作profits的定語, 故 選whose。,考點二：關(guān)系副詞引導的限制性定語從句 【考例】

30、 1. I am looking forward to the day _____ my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her. (2014，湖南) A. as B. why C. when D. where 【點撥】 選C。設(shè)空處引導定語從句, 修飾先行詞 day, 且在從句中作時間狀語, 故選when。,2. Students should involve themselves in munity activities _____ they can gain experience for growth. (201

31、4，福建) A. who B. when C. which D. where 【點撥】 選D。 設(shè)空處引導定語從句，修飾先行詞munity activities，且在從句中表抽象的地點，故選where。,考點三: “介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導的限制性定語從句 【考例】 1. Care of the soul is a gradual process ___ even the small details of life should be considered. (2012，湖南) A. what B. in what C. which D. in which 【點撥】 選D。設(shè)空處引導定語從句,

32、 修飾先行詞process, 且 在從句中作狀語, 故選in which, which 指代the process。,用適當?shù)年P(guān)系詞補全下面短文。 Taitung is a small city in southeastern Taiwan 1. _______ I grew up. My family moved there from Taipei the summer 2. ______ I was born. The house in 3. ______ I grew up is on a main street in Taitung. My father sold tea, and

33、 my mother had a food,which,where,when,stand in our front courtyard 4. ________ she sold omelets (煎蛋餅) early in the morning. A customer with 5. ________ I chatted every day had a son my age. We were best friends. A cousin 6. _______ family I visited every summer lived with us. He was an apprentice (

34、學徒) to 7. ________ my father was teaching the tea business. On,whom,where,whom,whose,the first floor of our house we had a huge kitchen, 8. _______ we all gathered for dinner. The bedrooms were upstairs. My two brothers slept in one bedroom. I slept in another with my older sister. My younger sister

35、 shared a bedroom with another cousin 9. _______________ my family had adopted.,that/who/whom,where,選擇填空。 1. Hewrotemanychildrensbooks,nearly halfof____werepublishedinthe1990s. (2015，重慶) A.whomB.whichC.themD.that 【解析】他寫了許多兒童書籍，幾乎一半在1990年左右出版。先行詞是books，定語從句中of缺少賓語。,2. Creatinganatmosphere ____ emp

36、loyees feel partofateamisabigchallenge. (2015，浙江) A.as B.whose C.inwhich D.atwhich 【解析】當關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語，且該介詞不是和從句的謂語動詞構(gòu)成固定短語時，介詞可以提前，出現(xiàn)“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”。先行詞指物，用“介詞+which”，指人用“介詞+whom”，且兩個關(guān)系代詞均不能省略。,3. Thebossofthepanyistryingtocreate an easyatmosphere______hisemployees enjoytheirwork. (2015，天津) A.whereB.w

37、hichC.whenD.who 【解析】公司老板正盡力創(chuàng)造一種輕松的氣氛，在這種氣氛中，其員工喜歡他們的工作。句中先行詞為atmosphere，在從句中作地點狀語，故用關(guān)系副詞where。,4. Asthesmallestchildofhisfamily,Alexis alwayslongingforthetime ____ heshouldbeable tobeindependent. (2015，陜西) A.whichB.whereC.whomD.when 【解析】作為家里最小的孩子，Alex總是渴望他能夠有獨立的時間。這里使用定語從句，先行詞是thetime，定語從句中缺少時間狀語

38、，用關(guān)系副詞when。,完成句子。 I live next door to a couple ______ children often make a lot of noise. (2016, 北京) 【解析】我隔壁住著一對夫妻，他們的孩子經(jīng)常制造很多噪音。先行詞是a couple，代入定語從句后為：The couples children often make a lot of noise. 先行詞在句中作定語。,whose,2. Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none o

39、f _____ has been proved. (2016, 浙江) 【解析】就人類為什么哭出眼淚科學家提出了許多理論，但沒有一項理論得到過證明。先行詞為theories，代入后為None of the theories has been proved. 先行詞指物，在從句中作of 的賓語，介詞of提前。,which,3. Many young people, most of ______ were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. (2016, 江蘇) 【解析】很多年輕人都去了偏遠地區(qū)追求自

40、己的夢想，他們中部分都受過良好的教育。先行詞young people指認，代入后為Most of the young people were well-educated. 先行詞在句中作介詞of的賓語。,whom,4. The boss of the pany is trying to create an easy atmosphere ______ his employees enjoy their work. (2015, 天津) 【解析】該公司的老板在努力營造一種輕松的氛圍，在這種氛圍中，他的員工可以享受工作的樂趣。先行詞是atmosphere，代入后為His employees e

41、njoy their work in the easy atmosphere. 在定語從句中做地點狀語。,where,5. Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon ______ school education depends. (2015, 安徽) 【解析】一些專家認為閱讀是學校教育所依賴的基本技能。先行詞skill，代入后School education depends upon the fundamental skill. 在定語從句中做介詞upon賓語，upon提前。,which,6. As the smal

42、lest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time _____ he should be able to be independent. (2015, 陜西) 【解析】作為家中最小的孩子，Alex總是期盼著他能夠獨立的時候。先行詞time，代入后He should be able to be independent at the time. 在定語從句中做時間狀語。,when,7. Well reach the sales targets in a month _________ we set at the begi

43、nning of the year. (2014, 重慶) 【解析】一個月后我們將會達到年初所定的銷售目標。先行詞the sales targets，關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作set的賓語。,which/that,寫作,如何介紹人物,【寫作指導】 此類寫作屬于記敘文的范疇，以記敘和描寫為主。寫作順序可以采用“順敘”、“倒敘”或者“插敘”，敘述過程應當條理清楚、脈絡(luò)分明。寫作時應注意以下幾點：,首先，要確定描寫的順序。 其次，要有重點，分清主次。發(fā)生在一個人身上的事情很多，選材時要就此人突出的事跡或成就重點描寫。 最后，在描寫和敘述的過程中，應該對所介紹的人物的行為和事跡進行適當?shù)脑u論，或描述自

44、己的感受。,這類作文一般可分為三段： 第一段：開門見山，簡要介紹人物身份及成就。 第二段：具體介紹其學習及工作經(jīng)歷。 第三段：用評價性話語總結(jié)全文，達到畫龍點睛的效果。,【常用表達】 Of all ..., ... is the one who impresses me most. He was born in ... He graduated from ... He is a young ... of medium height with a round face, long hair and a big nose. He is a lovely ..., who is easy-going

45、, talkative and ready to help others.,He is such a learned/confident/... person that ... He sets a good example to us all and ... I admire him for his ... He made/has made great contributions to ...,鞏固練習,I. 用括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式填空。 Protective clothing must be worn when the machine is in ________ (operate). 2

46、. When the survey started in 1975, the average ________ (week) pocket money was 33 pence. 3. When it rains the ground bees very ________ (mud).,operation,weekly,muddy,4. The appointment was given to Wellington, mainly for ________ (politics) reasons. 5. Many of those attending made large _______

47、_ (donate) to the party shortly before or after the event. 6. Has the Channel Tunnel improved the __________ (distribute) of goods between the British Isles and mainland Europe?,political,donations,distribution,II. 選用合適的單詞及正確形式填空。 b, purchase, toast, weed A house is the most expensive ________ t

48、hat most people ever make. Tickets may be _________ in advance from the box office. 2. Melanie sat ________ out her hair in front of the kitchen mirror. She plotted a new method to kill Snow White: with a poisoned ________.,purchase,purchased,bing,b,b, purchase, toast, weed 3. While ________ th

49、e bread, Steve listened to the noises beyond the dining- room door. The mittee drank a(n) _______ to the new project. 4. Hank bent down and pulled ________ out of the garden. In particular, men assist more with ploughing as well as with sowing, ________ and harvesting.,toasting,toast,weeds,we

50、eding,III. 用適當?shù)慕樵~或副詞填空。 Taking too much water for household use is drying _______ the river. 2. Mary has the privilege ________ meeting the queen. 3. Its important that children learn to understand the concept _______ sharing. 4. Members can participate _______ any of the trips organized by the c

51、lub.,up,of,of,in,5. It took a few seconds for her eyes to adjust ________ the darkness. 6. Drop us a line. Its always great to hear ________ you. 7. Try not to discuss topics that are not strictly relevant ________ the essay question. 8. In summer, water the plants regularly and never let the s

52、oil dry ________.,to,from,to,out,IV. 用適當?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空。 Roy reached down and picked up the grammar book __________ was lying upside down on the floor. 2. Last Sunday they reached Qingdao ________ a conference was to be held. 3. The day care center was established to take care of children ________ parent

53、s work during the day.,that/which,where,whose,4. David is a kind-hearted person _____________ we can turn to for help whenever we meet difficulties. 5. For Americans, Christmas Day is a warm and pleasant occasion ________ all the family members buy presents for each other.,whom/who/that,when,6.

54、 The speed at ________ the car was moving was above the speed limit on the motorway. 7. I dont know the reason ________ the young teacher is popular with these adolescents.,which,why,. 閱讀材料，在空白處填入適當內(nèi)容（1 個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 The businesses leading the so-called sharing economy are now major petitors

55、 to some of 1. _______ worlds largest businesses. One of them is American transportation giant Uber. More than 1 million people have signed up 2. _______ (be) Uber drivers. Uber attracts drivers by providing discounts for fuel,,the,to be,car maintenance (保養(yǎng)) and cell phone bills. Drivers also make t

56、heir own 3. ____________ (arrange) when deciding when and for how long they work. Their earnings are automatically and 4. ___________ (convenient) deposited into their bank accounts. People 5. ________ need of a ride call an Uber car by using Ubers app. Click on a button and the drivers picture and

57、vehicle details appear.,arrangements,conveniently,in,Its arrival can 6. _________ (track) on the apps map. The fee is automatically taken out of a riders account using his or her credit card on file. Security is maintained by the fact 7. ________ any phone contact between driver and rider is done th

58、rough Uber, so phone numbers 8. ________ (keep) secret. Furthermore, whether you are a driver or rider, Uber always knows where and with whom you are.,be tracked,that,are kept,However, there has been much protest (反對) against Uber in European cities, with taxi drivers there 9. ___________ (plain) that Uber does not have to operate under the same rules as they do and therefore can provide a cheaper service, which they say is 10. ________ (fair).,plaining,unfair,