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1、……………………………………………………………最新資料推薦………………………………………………… 專題15 閱讀理解 【考點(diǎn)綜述】： 中考閱讀理解題部分所選文章題材多樣，近年來出題比較多的有人物故事、民族風(fēng)情、科普知識(shí)、健康保健以及一些熱點(diǎn)話題。試題形式也日益靈活多變，圖標(biāo)類試題有所增加。主要考查學(xué)生的細(xì)節(jié)理解能力、推理判斷能力、詞義猜測(cè)能力及推斷作者意圖和態(tài)度的能力等。閱讀題在中考題中占的比重很大。 【中考真題再現(xiàn)】： 1. 【2013湖北咸寧】Almost every Chinese person can recite the two lines of the famous

2、poem, “Every grain on the plate comes from hard work(誰知盤中餐，粒粒皆辛苦).” But sadly, many of us don’t actually get the real meaning of these lines: Don’t waste food. A CCTV program, News One Plus One, reported that the food Chinese people throw away every year is enough to feed 200 million people for

3、a year. Do we have too much food? Of course not. According to the UN World Food Program, there were 925 million hungry people around the world in 2010, especially in developing countries. Six million children die of hunger every year. Chinese people are well known for being hospitable(好客的) a

4、nd generous. Many even feel that they lose face if their guests have eaten all the food on the table. Luckily, a number of people have realized the importance of saving food. Last November, Li Hong, a waitress in a restaurant in Nanjing, got fired because she took some leftover food home for her

5、 son. Many people stood by her side and criticized(批評(píng)) the waste of food. What should we do in our daily lives to waste less food? Here are some tips: 1. Do not order too much in a restaurant. Only order as much as you want to eat. If you cannot eat all the food you ordered, take the rest

6、of it home. 2. Don’t be too picky(挑剔的) about food. Some food may not taste great, but your body needs it. 3. Keep an eye on what food you have at home. Don’t buy too much, especially for vegetables and fruit. 51. How many people were hungry in the world in 2010 according to the UN World Foo

7、d Program? A. 200 million. B. Six million. C. 925 million. D. 625 million. 52. What does the writer want to show us through Li Hong’s story? A. Many Chinese restaurants waste a large amount of food. B. Many Chinese people are kind-hearted and ready to help the weak. C. Ch

8、inese people feel that they lose face if their guests eat all the food. D. Many Chinese people don’t agree with the behavior of wasting food. 53. The underlined word “l(fā)eftover” means in Chinese. A. 過期的 B. 剩余的 C. 腐爛的 D.難吃的 54. According to the passage, we sh

9、ouldn’t waste food because . A. food comes from very hard work B. six million children die of hunger every day C. there is enough food to feed all the people D. Chinese are hospitable and generous 55. Which of the following is a good way to save food? A. Ordering m

10、ore than you need at a restaurant. B. Taking home restaurant leftovers. C. Not knowing what you already have at home when shopping. D. Not eating the food you don’t like even if it’s healthy. 2. 【2013江西】Should we be afraid of sharks? Maybe not. New research into the reasons for shark attacks

11、 (攻擊) suggests that sharks don’t like the way humans taste! In fact, most people who are attacked by the shark are still alive after receiving only one bite (咬). Why is this? There are many opinions to explain why sharks sometimes attack people. One opinion is that sharks are just curious (好奇的

12、). We know that sharks are the strongest animals in their environment, so they are not afraid of anything. Naturally, that means they are curious when they meet something unusual. Because they don’t have hands or feet., the only way they can find out an object is to bite it! It is thought that shark

13、s sometimes bite humans for this reason, and then swim away. Scientists also say that sharks would not waste energy trying to eat a human, as we have a lot of bones (骨頭). It is hard for a shark to eat us because sharks don’t have hands, and they can’t pull the meat off our bones. Maybe that’s

14、why they only bite us once. Unluckily, one bite from a large shark is serious enough to hurt people greatly! Another opinion is that sharks attack humans by mistake. Some sharks may sometimes mistake humans for a seal. An example of this is when a shark attack attacks a surfer. A surfer lying

15、on a surfboard looks like a seal when seen from below. Sharks like seals because they have thick fat. Whatever the reason for shark attacks on humans, sharks should be afraid of us. Sadly, we kill almost 40 million of them each year. 73. What happens to people attacked by sharks? A. Most

16、of them because blind. B. Most of them because of deaf. C. Most of them died. D. Most of them are still alive. 74. How do sharks find out about an unusual object according to the passage? A. By biting. B. By smelling. C. By touching.

17、 D. By killing. 75. Which sentence about sharks is true? A. Sharks pull meat off bones when they eat. B. Sharks might mistake humans for seals. C. Sharks like to attack surfers because of their thick fat. D. One bite from a shark is nothing serious. 76. What would

18、 the author write the passage mainly for? A. To tell surfers to stay away from sharks. B. To ask people to stop killing sharks. C. To let us know the reasons for shark attacks on people. D. To show that humans are much stronger than sharks. 76.這篇短文中作者主要解釋了鯊魚為什么會(huì)襲擊人類的原因，故選C。 3. 【201

19、3浙江杭州】In the 1920s and 30s the airlines were just beginning. It was unusual for people to travel by air because it was expensive and dangerous. In those days, there were no flight attendants to look after the passengers. Young men ,or “stewards” helped the passengers onto the airplane and carried th

20、e passengers’ luggage(行李)but they did not provide food and drinks. But then in 1930,a woman called Ellen Church invented the “stewardess”. Ellen Church was born in 1904 on a farm in Iowa. She was a different child. She didn’t want to work on a farm or marry a farmer —she wanted a more adventurous(冒

21、險(xiǎn)的)life. Ellen studied to be a nurse at the University of Minnesota and then got a job in a hospital. For the next few years she stayed at the hospital but also took flying lessons and got her pilot’s license. Ellen was twenty-five years old when she first got in touch with Boeing Air Transport. Sh

22、e loved flying but she understood that airlines were a man’s world. Although women like Emelia Earheart were becoming famous, she realized it was impossible for a woman to have a career as a pilot .But she had another idea. Most people were frightened of flying because. flying was still an unreliabl

23、e(不可靠的) way to travel. There were often delays(延誤),many crashes and the bad weathers made many passengers sick. Ellen thought nurses could take care of passengers during flights and B.A.T. agreed. The young woman from Iowa and seven other nurses became the first air stewardesses. At first pilots w

24、ere unhappy because they did not want stewardesses on airplanes, but passengers loved the stewardesses. In 1940 there were around 1000 of them working for different airlines. The early “stewardesses” had to be under twenty-five-year-old, single and slim. When a woman joined an airline, she had to pr

25、omise not to get married or have children. It was hard job and not well paid. They worked long hours and earned ＄1 an hour. In the 1970s, stewardesses were unhappy in their job and airlines had to make some changes. Since the 1970s, “stewardesses” have been called flight attendants. They are well p

26、aid and work fewer hours than in the past. 51.( )The last sentence of the first paragraph suggests that _________. A. the word “stewardess” was made up by Ellen Church B. Ellen Church was the first woman who flew a plane C. Ellen Church was the first woman who worked on a plane D. Ellen Chur

27、ch was the first woman passenger on a plane 52.( )From the second paragraph, we learn that ________. A. Ellen did not behave in the same way as most as other girls B. Ellen’s family was not rich enough to support her education C. Ellen was fond of working as a nurse in the hospital D. Ellen

28、has an unhappy childhood that changed her completely 53.( )The main reason for Boeing Air Transport offering Ellen the job was ________. A. her flying experience B. her university education C. her nursing experience D. her life attitudes 54.( )According to the passage, in the 1940s a w

29、oman had to ________ if she wanted to be a stewardess. A. be a nurse B. be married C. be a mother D. be young 55.( )The passage mainly talks about _______. A. the background of early flying pilots B. the experience of flying passengers C. the history of early flight attendants D. the d

30、evelopment of airplanes 文章主旨大意:本文是一篇說明文。文章通過介紹Ellen如何成長(zhǎng)為空姐，從而介紹了介紹了早期空姐的發(fā)展史。 4. 【2013重慶】San Francisco has many museums. You can visit one and learn something new. We have art, science, history and other special museums. Some museums are open every day. Some are only open on certain days. Many m

31、useums are expensive, and others are free. But some of the expensive ones have free days . Many museums have websites. The websites usually have information about the things you can see in the museums. On a museum’s website you can get information about ticket prices and free days. You can also kn

32、ow where the museum is and when it is open. Sometimes the information is on the first page, and it’s very easy for you to find. But sometimes you have to click（點(diǎn)擊） on the words like Visit Information, or About to find the information. That will be hard work for you. ( )51. San Francisco has many

33、museums for you visit and________. A. learn something new B. play computer games C. watch the movies D. click on Information ( )52. Some museums in San Francisco are open every day, but some are only open ________. A. on weekdays B. on weekends C. on certain days D.

34、 on holidays ( )53. Many museums have________ with information about the things you can see in them. A. ticket prices B. their websites C. open hours D. free days 5. 【2013四川雅安】One day when Jack was walking inthe park, he saw a woman he knew sitting on a bench(長(zhǎng)椅)w

35、ith a dog beside her. The dog was looking up at the woman. Jack walked up to the woman and said, “Hello. Sue, how are you? May I sit and talk with you for a while?” “Of course, please sit down,”Sue said. Jack sat down next to Sue on the bench, and they talked quietly together. The dog continu

36、ed to look up at Sue, as if waiting to be fed. “That's a nice dog”Jack said, pointing(指向)at the animal. “Yes, he's handsome. He's a bit of a mixture(混合) but that's not a bad thing. He's strong and healthy” “And hungry,” Jack said. “He hasn't taken his eyes off you. He thinks you've g

37、ot some food for him.” “That's true,”Sue said, But I haven’t.” The two friends laughed and then Jack said, “Does your dog bite?” “No,” Sue said. “He's never bitten anyone. He's always gentle and good-tempered (好脾氣).” Hearing this, Jack decided to pet the dog. He put out his ha

38、nd and touched the animal's head. Immediately it jumped up and bit him. “Hey!” Jack shouted. “You said he didn't bite.” “No, I didn't,”Sue replied. “You asked，if my dog bit, and I said no. 51. What did Jack do when he saw the woman? A. He walked past her. B. He asked to sit ne

39、xt to her. C. He spoke angrily to her. D. He spoke to her dog. 52. The dog looked_________. A. angrily at Jack B. sick C. as if he would bite Sue D. hungry 53. Jack thought that the dog A. was ill B.

40、 belonged to Sue C. was terrible D. belonged in a zoo 54. The underlined word “pet” should be ______________in Chinese. A.寵物 B.喜歡 C.敲打 D.撫摸 55. From the story, we can know______________. A. Jack and Sue talked about the same

41、dog B. Jack asked Sue a right question C. Jack was bitten by Sue's dog D. Jack asked Sue a wrong question 【熱身練習(xí)】： 1. John has a pet dog named Sunlight. He loves him very much. He ever told others that Sunlight was one of his family members. One midnight, John’s house was on fire s

42、uddenly. John was sleeping and didn’t know what was happening. At that time, Sunlight noticed the fire and woke up John. John called the police. Soon the fire was put out by the police. Now John often says to others, “ The dog is really my good friend. In the thick smoke and big fire, he could have

43、 run out of the house first, but he didn’t. No matter how dangerous it is, he first thinks of his owner.” Today more and more dogs are wandering ( 流浪 ) in the street. Many people don’t want to keep their dogs because they move to another place. Even some people say that they can’t stand the dogs’ d

44、irtiness. Animals are one part of our society. Maybe our pets will give us a hand like Sunlight someday. 【小題1】36.We knew Sunlight is John’s son from the passage. 【小題2】37. The police put out the fire that night. 【小題3】38. Sunlight ran away because he was afraid of the fire. 【小題4】39. Some people do

45、n’t want to keep dogs because they move to another place. 【小題5】40. The passage mainly told us when something is on fire, you must call the police first. 【小題4】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段Many people don’t want to keep their dogs because they move to another place.描述可知，故選A。 【小題4】歸納理解題。根據(jù)第四段可知，作者想告訴大家，動(dòng)物是人類的朋友，也許有一天

46、他會(huì)給我們幫助。而不是著火后先報(bào)警。故選B。 考點(diǎn)：故事類短文閱讀。 2. In the 1920s and 30s the airlines were just beginning. It was unusual for people to travel by air because it was expensive and dangerous. In those days, there were no flight attendants to look after the passengers(乘客). Young men ,or “stewards” helped the passe

47、ngers onto the airplane and carried the passengers’ luggage(行李)but they did not provide food or drinks. But then in 1930,a woman called Ellen Church invented the “stewardess”. Ellen Church was born in 1904 on a farm in Iowa. She was a different child. She didn’t want to work on a farm or marry a fa

48、rmer —she wanted a more adventurous life. Ellen studied to be a nurse at the University of Minnesota and then got a job in a hospital. For the next few years she stayed at the hospital but also took flying lessons and got her pilot’s license. Ellen was twenty-five years old when she first got in to

49、uch with Boeing Air Transport. She loved flying but she understood that airlines were a man’s world. Although women like Emelia Earheart were becoming famous, she realized it was impossible for a woman to have a career as a pilot .But she had another idea. Most people were frightened of flying becau

50、se. flying was still an unreliable(不可靠的) way to travel. There were often delays(延誤),many crashes and the bad weathers made many passengers sick. Ellen thought nurses could take care of passengers during flights and B.A.T. agreed. The young woman from Iowa and seven other nurses became the first air

51、 stewardesses. At first pilots were unhappy because they did not want stewardesses on airplanes, but passengers loved the stewardesses. In 1940 there were around 1000 of them working for different airlines. The early “stewardesses” had to be under twenty-five-year-old, single and slim. When a woman

52、 joined an airline, she had to promise not to get married or have children. It was a hard job and not well paid. They worked long hours and earned ＄1 an hour. In the 1970s, stewardesses were unhappy in their job and airlines had to make some changes. Since the 1970s, “stewardesses” have been called

53、 flight attendants. They are well paid and work fewer hours than in the past. 【小題1】The underlined word “adventurous” means _____________. A. 奇怪的 B. 平淡的 C. 有趣的 D. 冒險(xiǎn)的 【小題2】The main reason for Boeing Air Transport offering Ellen the job was ________. A. her flying experience B. h

54、er university education C. her nursing experience D. her life attitudes 【小題3】According to the passage, in the 1940s a woman had to ________ if she wanted to be a stewardess. A. be a nurse B. be married C. be a mother D. be young 【小題4】The passage mainly talks about _______. A. the backgro

55、und of early flying pilots B. the experience of flying passengers C. the history of early flight attendants D. the development of airplanes 【答案】 考點(diǎn)：考查歷史類閱讀 3. People have their own ways of saying things with their own special expressions. Some of these expressions are easy to understand. “As

56、 Easy as Falling off a Log (圓木)” is one such expression. It describes a job that does not take much effort. If you ever tried to walk on a falling tree log, you may understand what the expression means. It is easier to fall off the log than to stay on it. There are several other expressions that me

57、an the same thing. And their meaning is as easy to understand as falling off a log. One is “Easy as Pie.” Nothing is easier than eating a piece of sweet juicy pie, unless it is a piece of cake. “A Piece of Cake” is another expression that means something is extremely easy to do. Another expression

58、is “As Easy as Shooting Fish in a Barrel (桶)”. Clearly, fish in a barrel will be much easier to shoot than fish in a river. In fact, it would be as easy as falling off a log. Sometimes, things that come to us easily also leave us just as easily. In fact, there is an expression “Easy Come Easy Go”.

59、Another easy expression is “To Go Easy on a Person”. It means to treat a person kindly or gently, especially in a situation where you might be expected to be angry with him. A wife might ask her husband to go easy on their son, because the boy did not mean to destroy the toy. If you want to borrow s

60、ome money to fix the car, you should look for a friend who is an “Easy Touch”. An easy touch or a soft touch is someone who is kind and helpful. And there is one more expression that means do not worry or work too hard. Try to keep away from difficult situations. “Take it easy”, until we meet again

61、. 【小題1】. Which of the following expressions has the same meaning with “As easy as falling off a log??” A. Shooting fish in a barrel B. Walking on a falling tree log. C. Staying on a log D. Shooting fish in a river 【小題2】. A friend might tell you that his new job was___________. A. e

62、asy come easy go B. as easy as shooting fish in a barrel C. to take it easy D. to go easy on a person 【小題3】. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A. That he goes easy on me means that he is angry with me. B. He is always helping others, so he is an easy t

63、ouch. C. When he asks me to repair his broken bike, I say, “A piece of cake. I can help repair it.” D. When a girl loses her way, I say, “Take it easy, I will send you home.” 4. Every culture has a recognized (公認(rèn)的) point when a child becomes an adult, when rules must be followed and tests pass

64、ed. In China, although teenagers can get their ID cards at 16, many only see themselves as an adult when they are 18. In the US, where everyone drives, the main step to the freedom of adult life is learning to drive. At 16, American teens take their driving test. When they have their license（證）

65、, they drive into the grown-up world. "Nobody wants to ride the cheese bus to school," said Eleanor Fulham, 17. "It's like you're not cool if you don't have a car," she said. According to a recent research, 41% of 16 to 19 year olds in the US own cars, up from 23% in 1985. Although, most o

66、f these cars are bought by parents, some teens get part-time jobs to help pay. Not all families can afford cars for their children. In cities with undergrounds and limited(有限的) parking, some teenagers don't want them. But in rich areas outside the city, if there are no undergrounds, and bicycles are more for fun than cars, it is strange for a teenager not to have a car. But police say 16-year-olds have almost three times more accidents than 18 and 19-year-olds. This has made many paren