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畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)外文翻譯
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專 業(yè)： 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動(dòng)化
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外文原文
Automotive sub-actuators tooth side clearance adjustment optimization techniques
Aurelian Vadean , Dimitri Leray , Jean Guillot
Adepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal, P.O. Box 6079, Station Centre-Ville,Montreal, Québec, Canada H3C 3A7
Blaboratoire de Genie Mecanique de Toulouse - COSAM, INSA Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil,Toulouse Cedex 4, 31077, France
Abstract: automotive sub-actuator main gear gap analysis and research, drawn shell adjusting shim thickness splitter assembly performance impact of substance. Based on the relative measurement principle developed sub-actuator shell bearing the adjustment shims preselection system, analysis of the measurement data and uncertainty assessment. Practice has proved that the system can effectively select the appropriate gasket meet pairing arc gear assembly, improve production efficiency, and quality of assembly, the key process for the production of automotive sub-actuator to provide a reliable guarantee.
Iso basic skills with the power emitted by the engine to the drive wheels of the car, its primary task is to work together with the car engine, in order to ensure that the car in normal driving under different conditions of use, and has good power and fuel economy. Automotive sub-actuators Usually by the clutch, transmission, universal transmission and main reducer, differential and axle shafts.
1 Introduction
Automotive sub-actuators mounted on the transmission of multi-bridge driver for transmission and distribution of power to each drive axle, doubles as the use of auxiliary transmission. S504 sub-actuators using spiral bevel gear. The the arc gear Vice backlash sub actuator life to drive one of the key factor of stability. The gap is too large, the gearbox will produce noise, vibration; contrary, will aggravate the wear of teeth, appeared gear killed even teeth broken [1]. Car usually used the axial shim adjustment method to adjust the tooth side gap, Figure 1 is a vehicle master teeth installation position diagram, the car stars Activity ASSY assembly process, a pair of gears meshing accuracy is through a series of tolerance band different, the adjusting washer of a high surface finish is to be guaranteed. Gasket height and flatness of small changes, all will have a tremendous impact on the efficiency and life of the sub-actuators. Sub-actuators on the domestic auto assembly line (including foreign auto parts enterprises in some branch) main gear assembly assembly is mainly dependent on the experience of the workers, by hand, to the seat of your pants select adjusting shim, its production low efficiency, high failure rates, and assembly quality is difficult to guarantee. After careful analysis of the problems of the traditional assembly methods, S504 points based on the moving assembly assembly process, according to the requirements of the process quality, design the case bearing adjustment shims preselection machine. The preselection is capable of accurately measuring the S504 sub-actuators tooth installation size, position, and thus the best adjustment shims value elected guarantee gears meshing accuracy.
The role of the cardan transmission apparatus is connected to the transmission output shaft are not in the same straight line and the main gear box input shaft, and to ensure that in the case of frequently changing the angle and the distance between the axes of the two power transmission reliably. It is composed mainly by universal joints, drive shaft and intermediate support. The installation must be the drive shaft at both ends of the universal joint fork in the same plane.
Main reducer car Iso reduce speed and increase the torque of the main components. On the the engine longitudinal automotive, main reducer bevel gear drive to change the momentum direction.
When the normal driving of the vehicle, the engine speed is usually about 2000 to 3000r/min, if the such a high speed rely gearbox to lower down, then the pair of gears in the gearbox transmission ratio need great, and the gear pairs of the transmission The radius ratio of the two gears the greater the larger the ratio, in other words, the size of the transmission will be greater. In addition, the spin-down torque inevitably increase, and will increase the transmission load of the gearbox and gearbox after a transmission mechanism. Therefore, the differential in power to the drive wheels to the left and right shunt before setting a main gear box, drive components such as the gearbox, the splitter in front of the main gear box can be universal transmission torque transmitted is reduced, you can also make the size of the gearbox, the reduced mass, manipulation and effort.
When the turning of the vehicle when traveling, and the distance of the left and right wheels at the same time rolling across different, If both sides of the drive wheels only to the root rigid shaft drive, the two angular velocity must be the same, thus, when the vehicle is cornering will inevitably produce the wheels relative to the ground surface slide phenomenon. This will enable the steering difficulties, the automobile power consumption is increased, and accelerated wear of certain parts and the tire of the sub-actuator. Therefore, we need within the drive axle member - differential device having a differential action, and so that both left and right drive wheels can be rotated to different angular velocities. Thus, the automotive splitter reasonable design is very important.
Automotive sub-actuator design, mainly through experience design calculated cross shaft universal joints, drive shaft, final drive, differential various parts of the main selection and design of structural parameters, and then by hand to map out the two-dimensional drawings of the cross shaft universal joints, drive shaft, the main reduction gear, differential, etc., the product trial design and put into process often problems to go through a lot of changes, which makes the performance of the products and there is no guarantee that the quality and long product development cycle, and the use of human and material resources, resulting in the design and development costs are relatively high. , The increasingly fierce competition in the market economy mechanism, this design approach has been far from meeting.
Therefore, motivated rapid development trend of computer technology, the application of computer technology to the development of professional software is used in more and more, and more widely in the development and design of a variety of products. Entities of automotive sub-actuator design can now draw relevant parameters directly using three-dimensional mapping software to various parts of clutch three-dimensional solid modeling, assembly, so you can be three-dimensional to visually see the design of automotive sub-actuators the performance of the product development and design to make the optimal purpose. This computer the software aided drafting not only shorten the product development cycle, but also improve the quality of the product, and greatly reduce the cost of product development, so that will make our products more competitive in the fierce competition in the market economy.
2 System design ideas
S504 moving assembly structure analysis, the The Iso shell side bearing adjusting shim role: to ensure the the driven gear installation of center distance, adjust the side teeth meshing gap. According to their structural form (Figure 2), to establish the size of the chain as follows:
Adjust the shim thickness
Among
A1: the shell with sub-actuators cover the joint surface to the splitter shell gear shaft gear end bearing axial positioning surface distance;
A2: the shell with sub actuator cover a combination of the distance from the surface to the main gear shaft axis;
A3: dorsal tooth to the teeth end distance of the bearing outer ring face, that bearing high total;
52.3 (Unit: mm): the theory of driven gear is installed from the.
In the overall size of the chain, adjust the shims to compensate for the ring. When assembled, the rolling bearing in the pre-load state, and adjusting the main, the axial position of the gear, so that the contact spots of assembly requirements [2]. Thus, in the Lateral containment pad shims of appropriate thickness, has a crucial role to ensure the performance of the entire sub-actuator.
According to the splitter the tooth assembly process requirements, combined with the specific structure of the DUT relative measurement method (Figure 3), which uses high-precision displacement sensor to measure the object A (calibration), read out the sensor compression The amount; measurement of the object B (DUT), read out of the sensor the amount of compression, compressed difference between the amount of the two measurements, to arrive at the height of the workpiece, which is measured by the high-precision measuring instruments [3]. Such measurement method has a small range, high accuracy, zero adjustable by the ambient temperature changes affect small advantages.
3 System Construction and Analysis
3.1 Construction and measurement capabilities
Dynamic monitoring and control of the measurement system uses computer technology to the various states in the measurement process real-time data acquisition, processing, and control the entire process by implementing agencies (such as cylinder, etc.), in order to achieve the measurement pad selection, system structure as Figure 4.
The measurement methods are as follows:
(1) bits are placed in a special jig, the splitter housing to be fitted with a pair of rotating clamping cylinder sandwiched splitter housing two epitaxial boss, so that the splitter shell joints securement measurement platform, measured by the displacement sensor, thereby calculating.
(2) through (wherein the series, in order to achieve the dual-stroke function) cylinder control V-type swing frame walking twice repeatedly measured by the displacement sensor, as well as the minimum amount of compression and A2 values ??calculated by formula.
(3) through a rotary clamping calibration bearing control cylinder, so that the whereabouts of the pressure head, the calibration bearing calibration, note the calibration values; remove calibration bearings put on the front step coming to press fitted splitter driven gear bearing, measured to obtain the measurement values, to thereby obtain.
(4) By the above-mentioned measurement, can be obtained by the splitter shell bearing adjusting shim thickness, which is measured by the coordinate measuring machine precision data.
Gives the best gasket combination (5) According to the results of the data processing and display system displays the location of the gasket, and lightbox; ancillary gasket retest mechanism (controlled by the cylinder) the thickness of the selected spacer multiplexed measured, elected gasket fully meet the assembly requirements.
3.2 Measurement Data Analysis
Previous step S504 actuator assembly line assembled components on the bench, and the pressure bearing inner race of the teeth on the line, according to rules operating points actuator shell bearing adjustment shims preselection system measurement selected pad. The measurement results are recorded as follows:
Form 1 of the same product (multiple measurements) Unit: mm
No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Actual gasket thickness 1.803 1.802 1.796 1.794 1.801 1.803 1.799
1.795 1.796 1.799
Table 2 Unit: mm
Item No. 01 02 0,304,050,607,080,910
Actual gasket thickness 2.031 2.124 1.845 1.962 1.976 2.268 2.267
2.768 2.524 1.569
Table 1 shows that the average thickness of the measured gasket 1.799mm, repeat level accuracy can be achieved.
By table 2, for the different sub-actuators, the adjustment shim thickness of its shell bearing is not the same, is mainly generated by the casting of housing size of the error, processing is generated in the teeth when the size of the error and the bearing dimension accuracy caused .
3.3 Uncertainty Evaluation of measurement results [4]
Standard uncertainty; inputs δ standard main source of uncertainty is the offset and linear repeatability uncertainty component; stability due to uncertainty components, the above can be a Class B assessed .
Assessment of the uncertainty components (1) to offset and linearity
The main factors for the displacement sensor offset and linearity uncertainty caused by the measurement system measurement error caused by standard uncertainty (including the characteristics of the sensor itself, and whether it is properly calibrated).
Zhongyuan meter factory inductive displacement sensor in the system, given its technical indicators measuring accuracy, it is estimated that the measurement error is uniformly distributed in this interval, and there is a higher probability of confidence interval half-width contains factor, Therefore, in order to reduce the offset error, reducing the uncertainty it caused, you can proceed from the error correction and guaranteed accuracy of the measurement system.
(2) repeatability uncertainty component of the assessment
Repeatability uncertainty component
(3) assessment of stability due to the uncertainty components
Observation period of 12 hours, the measurement system drift to almost 0. Due to the resolution of the reason for more subtle changes in the system can not be measured, there is a rounding error. Based on the principle of error rounding, we take the stability of the error.
To sum up, the system combined standard uncertainty for this, according to the analysis of the measurement system accuracy specifications shell bearing adjustment shims preselection system Iso Uncertainty Evaluation. Adjusting washer set automatically selected value 1.799mm, can be expressed as; in parentheses are given by standard deviation, and the previous result with the same units of measurement.
4 summarizes
The automotive sub actuator multi-bridge drive vehicle powertrain components, the reasonable gear meshing gap is an important guarantee for its excellent performance. Engineering Technology Research Institute of Hefei University of automotive equipment to undertake the project "car splitter assembly assembly technology developed points move in Shell bearing adjustment shims the preselection machines and equipment have been put into operation, a sub-actuator assembly efficiency / 3min, after testing, the main gear backlash between basic 0.09-0.11mm, in line with the technical requirements of the product in the state of assembly, reinstall rate of less than 10%. Practice has proved that the device can be accurately selected to ensure the car Iso main gear meshing accuracy adjustment gasket production ergonomics and assembly quality are greatly improved, thus greatly improving the quality and reliability of the splitter assembly sex.
外文翻譯
汽車分動(dòng)器齒側(cè)間隙調(diào)整優(yōu)化技術(shù)
作者：奧里安 韋迪納，*，迪米特里 尼瑞巴 ，讓 癸樂(lè)特布
加拿大H3C公司3A7,魁北克，蒙特利爾，沙田，車站中心，蒙特利爾Ecole理工學(xué)院，機(jī)械工程系，P.O 6079信箱
摘要：通過(guò)對(duì)汽車分動(dòng)器主被齒輪嚙合間隙的分析和研究，得出殼體調(diào)整墊片的厚度對(duì)分動(dòng)器總成性能影響的實(shí)質(zhì)。本文基于相對(duì)測(cè)量原理，研制出分動(dòng)器殼軸承調(diào)整墊片預(yù)選系統(tǒng)，對(duì)測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析以及不確定度評(píng)定。實(shí)踐證明，該系統(tǒng)能有效選取滿足配對(duì)弧齒輪裝配的合適墊片，改善了生產(chǎn)工效和裝配質(zhì)量，為汽車分動(dòng)器生產(chǎn)的關(guān)鍵工序提供了可靠保證。
1 前言
汽車分動(dòng)器裝于多橋驅(qū)動(dòng)的變速器之后，用于傳遞和分配動(dòng)力至各驅(qū)動(dòng)橋，兼作副變速器之用。S504分動(dòng)器采用弧齒錐齒輪傳動(dòng)?；↓X齒輪副側(cè)隙是影響分動(dòng)器使用壽命、傳動(dòng)平穩(wěn)性的關(guān)鍵因素之一。間隙太大，齒輪箱會(huì)產(chǎn)生噪聲、振動(dòng)；反之，會(huì)加劇輪齒的磨損，出現(xiàn)齒輪咬死甚至斷齒現(xiàn)象[1]。汽車上通常采用軸向墊片調(diào)整法來(lái)調(diào)整齒側(cè)間隙，圖1是汽車主被齒安裝位置示意圖，在汽車分動(dòng)器總成的裝配過(guò)程中，齒輪副的嚙合精度是通過(guò)一系列公差帶不同、表面光潔度很高的調(diào)整墊片來(lái)保證的。墊片高度及平整度上的微小變化，都將對(duì)分動(dòng)器的效率與壽命產(chǎn)生巨大影響。目前國(guó)內(nèi)汽車裝配線（包括外資汽車及其零部件企業(yè)在中國(guó)的一些分公司）上的分動(dòng)器主被齒輪總成的裝配主要是依賴工人的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，通過(guò)手工憑感覺(jué)選取調(diào)整墊片，其生產(chǎn)效率低，返修率高，裝配質(zhì)量難以保證。針對(duì)傳統(tǒng)裝配方法存在的問(wèn)題，在仔細(xì)分析了S504分動(dòng)器總成裝配工藝的基礎(chǔ)上，根據(jù)其工藝質(zhì)量的要求，設(shè)計(jì)了殼體軸承調(diào)整墊片預(yù)選機(jī)。該預(yù)選機(jī)能夠準(zhǔn)確地測(cè)出S504分動(dòng)器被齒的安裝尺寸、位置，從而選出保證齒輪副嚙合精度的最佳調(diào)整墊片值。
分動(dòng)器的基本功用是將發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)發(fā)出的動(dòng)力傳給汽車的驅(qū)動(dòng)車輪，它的首要任務(wù)就是與汽車發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)協(xié)同工作，以保證汽車能在不同使用條件下正常行駛，并具有良好的動(dòng)力性和燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性。汽車分動(dòng)器一般由離合器、變速器、萬(wàn)向傳動(dòng)裝置、主減速器、差速器和半軸等組成。
萬(wàn)向傳動(dòng)裝置的作用是連接不在同一直線上的變速器輸出軸和主減速器輸入軸，并保證在兩軸之間的夾角和距離經(jīng)常變化的情況下，仍能可靠地傳遞動(dòng)力。它主要由萬(wàn)向節(jié)、傳動(dòng)軸和中間支承組成。安裝時(shí)必須使傳動(dòng)軸兩端的萬(wàn)向節(jié)叉處于同一平面。
主減速器是汽車分動(dòng)器中減小轉(zhuǎn)速、增大扭矩的主要部件。對(duì)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)縱置的汽車來(lái)說(shuō)，主減速器還利用錐齒輪傳動(dòng)以改變動(dòng)力方向。
汽車正常行駛時(shí)，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速通常在2000至3000r/min左右，如果將這么高的轉(zhuǎn)速只靠變速箱來(lái)降低下來(lái)，那么變速箱內(nèi)齒輪副的傳動(dòng)比則需很大，而齒輪副的傳動(dòng)比越大，兩齒輪的半徑比也越大，換句話說(shuō)，也就是變速箱的尺寸會(huì)越大。另外，轉(zhuǎn)速下降，而扭矩必然增加，也就加大了變速箱與變速箱后一級(jí)傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)的傳動(dòng)負(fù)荷。所以，在動(dòng)力向左右驅(qū)動(dòng)輪分流的差速器之前設(shè)置一個(gè)主減速器，可使主減速器前面的傳動(dòng)部件如變速箱、分動(dòng)器、萬(wàn)向傳動(dòng)裝置等傳遞的扭矩減小，也可以使變速箱的尺寸、質(zhì)量減小，操縱省力。
當(dāng)汽車轉(zhuǎn)彎行駛時(shí)，左右車輪在同一時(shí)間內(nèi)滾過(guò)的距離不同，如果兩側(cè)驅(qū)動(dòng)輪僅用以根剛性軸驅(qū)動(dòng)，則二者角速度必然相同，因而在汽車轉(zhuǎn)彎時(shí)必然產(chǎn)生車輪相對(duì)于地面滑動(dòng)的現(xiàn)象。這將使轉(zhuǎn)向困難，汽車的動(dòng)力消耗增加，分動(dòng)器內(nèi)某些零件和輪胎加速磨損。所以，我們需要在驅(qū)動(dòng)橋內(nèi)裝置具有差速作用的部件——差速器，使左右兩驅(qū)動(dòng)輪可以以不同的角速度旋轉(zhuǎn)。由此可見(jiàn)，對(duì)汽車分動(dòng)器進(jìn)行合理的設(shè)計(jì)是非常重要的。
對(duì)于汽車分動(dòng)器的設(shè)計(jì)，過(guò)去主要是以通過(guò)經(jīng)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)法算出十字軸萬(wàn)向節(jié)、傳動(dòng)軸、主減速器、差速器等的各個(gè)零部件主要的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)的選擇與設(shè)計(jì)，然后通過(guò)手工繪制出十字軸萬(wàn)向節(jié)、傳動(dòng)軸、主減速器、差速器等的二維工程圖，設(shè)計(jì)的產(chǎn)品試制和投產(chǎn)過(guò)程中經(jīng)常會(huì)出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題，要經(jīng)過(guò)很大的改動(dòng)，這樣使得產(chǎn)品的性能和質(zhì)量沒(méi)有保證，而且產(chǎn)品的開(kāi)發(fā)周期長(zhǎng)，動(dòng)用的人力物力也比較大，造成設(shè)計(jì)開(kāi)發(fā)成本也比較高。特別是在現(xiàn)在市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)機(jī)制下，競(jìng)爭(zhēng)越來(lái)越激烈，這種設(shè)計(jì)方法已經(jīng)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不能適應(yīng)了。
因此，在計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)快速發(fā)展趨勢(shì)的促動(dòng)下，應(yīng)用計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)開(kāi)發(fā)的相應(yīng)的專業(yè)軟件應(yīng)用于各種產(chǎn)品的開(kāi)發(fā)設(shè)計(jì)中越來(lái)越多，也越來(lái)越廣?，F(xiàn)在對(duì)汽車分動(dòng)器的設(shè)計(jì)可以在得出相關(guān)參數(shù)后直接利用三維制圖軟件進(jìn)行離合器各個(gè)零部件的三維實(shí)體建模、裝配，這樣可以立體的直觀的看到所設(shè)計(jì)的汽車分動(dòng)器的實(shí)體以使所開(kāi)發(fā)設(shè)計(jì)的產(chǎn)品的性能達(dá)到最優(yōu)的目的。這樣利用電腦軟件輔助制圖不僅縮短了產(chǎn)品的開(kāi)發(fā)周期，而且也提高了產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量，大大降低了產(chǎn)品的開(kāi)發(fā)成本，這樣也就使產(chǎn)品在激烈的市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中更具有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。
2系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)思想
由S504分動(dòng)器總成結(jié)構(gòu)分析可知，分動(dòng)器殼軸承調(diào)整墊片的作用是：保證從動(dòng)齒輪安裝中心距，調(diào)整齒側(cè)嚙合間隙。依其結(jié)構(gòu)形式（圖2），建立如下所示的尺寸鏈：
調(diào)整墊片厚度
其中
A1：分動(dòng)器殼與分動(dòng)器蓋的結(jié)合面到分動(dòng)器殼被齒軸被齒端軸承軸向定位面的距離；
A2：分動(dòng)器殼與分動(dòng)器蓋的結(jié)合面到主齒軸軸線的距離；
A3：被齒齒背到被齒端軸承外圈端面的距離，即軸承總高；
52.3（單位：mm）：從動(dòng)齒輪理論安裝距。
在整個(gè)尺寸鏈中，調(diào)整墊片為補(bǔ)償環(huán)。裝配時(shí)，滾動(dòng)軸承處于預(yù)緊狀態(tài)，調(diào)整主、被齒輪的軸向位置，使接觸斑點(diǎn)達(dá)到裝配要求[2]。因而，在分動(dòng)器殼內(nèi)墊上適當(dāng)厚度的墊片，對(duì)保證整個(gè)分動(dòng)器的性能具有至關(guān)重要的作用。
根據(jù)分動(dòng)器被齒裝配的工藝要求，結(jié)合被測(cè)件的具體結(jié)構(gòu)，采用相對(duì)測(cè)量方法(如圖3)，即用高精度位移傳感器對(duì)物體A（標(biāo)定件）進(jìn)行測(cè)量，讀出傳感器的壓縮量 ；對(duì)物體B（被測(cè)件）進(jìn)行測(cè)量，讀出傳感器的壓縮量 ，兩次測(cè)量的壓縮量之差 ，從而得出被測(cè)工件高度 ，其中 由高精度測(cè)量?jī)x器測(cè)出[3]。此種測(cè)量方法具有量程小，測(cè)量精度高，零位可調(diào)，受環(huán)境溫度變化影響小等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。
3 系統(tǒng)構(gòu)建與評(píng)析
3.1 系統(tǒng)構(gòu)建與測(cè)量功能實(shí)現(xiàn)
本測(cè)量系統(tǒng)采用計(jì)算機(jī)動(dòng)態(tài)測(cè)控技術(shù)，對(duì)測(cè)量過(guò)程中的各種狀態(tài)進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)數(shù)據(jù)采集、處理，并通過(guò)執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)（如氣缸等）對(duì)整個(gè)過(guò)程進(jìn)行控制，以實(shí)現(xiàn)測(cè)量、選墊，其系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)如圖4所示。
測(cè)量方法如下：
（1）將被裝配的分動(dòng)器殼體對(duì)位放置于專用夾具上，采用一對(duì)回轉(zhuǎn)夾緊氣缸 分別夾住分動(dòng)器殼體的兩外延小凸臺(tái)，使得分動(dòng)器殼接合面完美貼緊測(cè)量平臺(tái)，由位移傳感器測(cè)出 、 ，從而計(jì)算出 。
（2）通過(guò) （其中 串聯(lián)，以實(shí)現(xiàn)雙行程功能）氣缸控制V型擺架反復(fù)行走兩次，由位移傳感器測(cè)出 以及最小壓縮量 與 ，由式 計(jì)算出A2值。
（3）通過(guò) 回轉(zhuǎn)夾緊氣缸夾緊標(biāo)定軸承，控制 氣缸，使壓頭下落，對(duì)標(biāo)定軸承進(jìn)行標(biāo)定，記下標(biāo)定值 ；取下標(biāo)定軸承，換上前工序傳來(lái)的壓裝好分動(dòng)器軸承的被動(dòng)齒輪，進(jìn)行測(cè)量，獲得測(cè)量值 ，從而得到 。
（4）通過(guò)上述測(cè)量，即可得到分動(dòng)器殼軸承調(diào)整墊片厚度 ，其中 為通過(guò)三坐標(biāo)測(cè)量機(jī)測(cè)出的精密數(shù)據(jù)。
（5）根據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)處理結(jié)果給出最佳的墊片組合方式,并用燈箱顯示系統(tǒng)顯示墊片所在位置；與之配套的墊片復(fù)測(cè)機(jī)構(gòu)（由氣缸 控制）對(duì)所選墊片的厚度進(jìn)行復(fù)測(cè)，保證選出的墊片完全符合裝配要求。
3.2 測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)分析
將S504分動(dòng)器裝配線上的前一工序裝配好的部件置于工作臺(tái)上，并將壓過(guò)軸承內(nèi)圈的被齒上線，按規(guī)程操作分動(dòng)器殼軸承調(diào)整墊片預(yù)選系統(tǒng)，進(jìn)行測(cè)量、選墊。測(cè)量結(jié)果記錄如下：
表格 1 同一產(chǎn)品（多次測(cè)量） 單位：mm
序號(hào) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
實(shí)際測(cè)得墊片厚度 1.803 1.802 1.796 1.794 1.801 1.803 1.799
1.795 1.796 1.799
表格 2 不同產(chǎn)品 單位：mm
產(chǎn)品編號(hào) 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10
實(shí)際測(cè)得墊片厚度 2.031 2.124 1.845 1.962 1.976 2.268 2.267
2.768 2.524 1.569
由表格1可知，實(shí)測(cè)墊片平均厚度為1.799mm，重復(fù)精度可以達(dá)到 級(jí)。
由表格2可知，對(duì)于不同的分動(dòng)器，其殼軸承調(diào)整墊片厚度亦不相同，主要是由鑄造殼體時(shí)產(chǎn)生的尺寸誤差、加工被齒時(shí)產(chǎn)生的尺寸誤差以及軸承尺寸精度等引起的。
3.3 測(cè)量結(jié)果的不確定度評(píng)定[4]
輸入量δ的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不確定度來(lái)源主要是偏移和線性引起的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不確定度分量 ；重復(fù)性引起的不確定度分量 ；穩(wěn)定性引起的不確定度分量 ，以上可采用B類方法進(jìn)行評(píng)定。
（1）偏移和線性引起的不確定度分量 的評(píng)定
本測(cè)量系統(tǒng)引起偏移和線性不確定度的主要因素為位移傳感器測(cè)量誤差引起的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不確定度（包括傳感器本身的特性以及其是否被正確校準(zhǔn)）。
本系統(tǒng)采用中原量?jī)x廠的電感位移傳感器，其技術(shù)指標(biāo)給出的測(cè)量精度為 ，估計(jì)其測(cè)量誤差在此區(qū)間為均勻分布，且有較高的置信概率，區(qū)間半寬為 ，包含因子 ，則因此，為了減小偏移誤差，降低它引起的不確定度，就可以從上述原因著手，來(lái)對(duì)測(cè)量系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行誤差修正和精度保證。
（2）重復(fù)性引起的不確定度分量 的評(píng)定
重復(fù)性引起的不確定度分量
（3）穩(wěn)定性引起的不確定度分量 的評(píng)定
對(duì)測(cè)量系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行為期12個(gè)小時(shí)的觀測(cè)，發(fā)現(xiàn)其漂移幾乎為0。由于分辨力的原因，對(duì)于更細(xì)微的變化系統(tǒng)無(wú)法測(cè)出，因此存在舍入誤差。根據(jù)誤差舍入原則，我們?nèi)》€(wěn)定性誤差為 。
綜上可知，系統(tǒng)合成標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不確定度為這樣，我們就根據(jù)測(cè)量系統(tǒng)精度指標(biāo)的分析，對(duì)分動(dòng)器殼軸承調(diào)整墊片預(yù)選系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了不確定度評(píng)定。設(shè)自動(dòng)選出的調(diào)整墊圈值為1.799mm，可表示為；括號(hào)內(nèi)按標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差給出，與前面結(jié)果有相同計(jì)量單位。
4 總結(jié)
汽車分動(dòng)器是多橋驅(qū)動(dòng)車動(dòng)力傳動(dòng)中的重要部件，合理的齒輪嚙合間隙是其優(yōu)良性能的重要保證。本文基于合肥工業(yè)大學(xué)汽車裝備工程技術(shù)研究所承擔(dān)的項(xiàng)目“汽車分動(dòng)器總成裝配技術(shù)”研制了分動(dòng)器殼軸承調(diào)整墊片預(yù)選機(jī)，設(shè)備投產(chǎn)后，分動(dòng)器的裝配效率達(dá)到1件/3min，經(jīng)檢測(cè)，主從齒輪側(cè)隙基本在0.09-0.11mm之間，符合產(chǎn)品在總成狀態(tài)下的技術(shù)要求，重裝率低于10％。實(shí)踐證明，該設(shè)備能準(zhǔn)確地選出保證汽車分動(dòng)器主被齒嚙合精度的調(diào)整墊片，使生產(chǎn)工效和裝配質(zhì)量都得到很大改善，從而大大提高了分動(dòng)器總成的質(zhì)量和可靠性。