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1、2013高考英語(yǔ)二輪專(zhuān)題思路點(diǎn)撥及增分訓(xùn)練—閱讀理解04 時(shí)事新聞?lì)愰喿x材料在近年高考中屢屢涉及。這類(lèi)材料往往語(yǔ)言地道，內(nèi)容時(shí)新。 一、材料特點(diǎn) 廣告類(lèi)閱讀題的五大特點(diǎn) 1. 材料特點(diǎn)：大家知道，刊登廣告是要錢(qián)的，為了節(jié)省費(fèi)用，人們?cè)跀M寫(xiě)廣告時(shí)往往都希望用最少的篇幅表現(xiàn)最大量的信息，這就決定了廣告類(lèi)材料通常具有以下特點(diǎn)：信息量大，用詞簡(jiǎn)練，形式靈活。 2. 內(nèi)容特點(diǎn)：綜觀近幾年的高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解題，其中廣告類(lèi)閱讀題內(nèi)容主要涉及的是與人們生活息息相關(guān)的信息，如產(chǎn)品宣傳、服務(wù)介紹、招生招聘等。 3. 形式特點(diǎn)：做廣告的主要目的就是要讓受眾了解并記住廣告內(nèi)容，并為廣告上所刊

2、登的內(nèi)容(產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)等)買(mǎi)單。為了達(dá)到這一目的，人們?cè)谠O(shè)計(jì)廣告時(shí)往往會(huì)做到：標(biāo)題醒目，重點(diǎn)突出，條理清楚。 4. 用詞特點(diǎn)：廣告類(lèi)閱讀材料的用詞有以下“三多”特點(diǎn)：一是人名、地名、專(zhuān)有名詞多；二是生詞多；三是縮略詞、省略句多。 5. 命題特點(diǎn)：廣告類(lèi)閱讀是近幾年高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解最?？嫉念}材，在閱讀理解的選材中占有很大的比重命題者的目的是要考查考生提取信息和處理信息的能力，所以命題的題型多是以獲取信息為主的細(xì)節(jié)理解題。 【考點(diǎn)pk】 名師考點(diǎn)透析 考點(diǎn)一、細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)理解。 一篇文章必然是由許多具體的細(xì)節(jié)、具體的內(nèi)容構(gòu)成的，所有這些信息以某種順序（時(shí)間、空間、情感變化等）排列起

3、來(lái)，來(lái)進(jìn)一步解釋或闡釋主題，體現(xiàn)文章的主旨大意。 細(xì)節(jié)理解題目主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章具體事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)的理解能力，屬于表層理解題范疇，難度較小，但在整個(gè)閱讀理解題中所占比例最大，細(xì)節(jié)理解題多從文章的某個(gè)具體事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)出發(fā)來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)題目。 此類(lèi)題通常根據(jù)文章具體內(nèi)容來(lái)設(shè)問(wèn)，也常使用下列方式來(lái)提問(wèn) 1.Which of the following statements is(not) true/correct? 2.Which of the following is not mentioned? 3.All of the following are true except... 4.A

4、ccording to the passage,when/where/why/how/how/what/which,etc...？ 1.直接事實(shí)題 在解答這類(lèi)問(wèn)題時(shí)要求學(xué)生抓住題干文字信息，采用針對(duì)性方法進(jìn)行閱讀，因?yàn)檫@類(lèi)題的答案在文章中可以直接找到。 如： A giant dam was built many years ago to control the Colorado River in the U.S.This dam was built to protect the land and houses around the river. This huge dam is in

5、 the Black Canyon.It is possible to drive a car from one side of the river to the other on a road，which is on the top of the dam.This dam is so big that there is an elevator inside.The elevator goes down forty-four stories from the road to the bottom.There is enough concrete in this dam to build a h

6、ighway from New York to San Francisco.Thousands of people worked on this dam for five years. This huge dam was called Boulder Dam when it was finished in 1936.Later it was renamed Hoover Dam in honor of a president of the United States.Hoover Dam，one of the highest dams in the world，is situated bet

7、ween the states of Arizona and Nevada. Q：Hoover Dam lies______ . A.between Arizona and Nevada B.in the Black Canyon C.between New York and San Francisco D.both A and B Invited by Mr.Ye Huixian，host of the well-received TV programme“Stars Tonight”，Miss Luo Lin，Miss Asia of 1991，appeared as the

8、guest hostess on the Shanghai TV screen last Sunday. Born in Shanghai and taken to Hongkong when she was only six years old，Luo Lin has never dreamed of being Miss Asia.Her childhood dream was to be an air hostess. Before she took part in the competition，she had been an airhostess in Cathay Airline

9、 for seven years.However， it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage，dancing,singing,making-up and other proper manners，designed by the Asia TV Station. “It’s really a hard job for me.I won’t enter for such competition any more.Anyhow，I am quite lucky.I am also glad to

10、have had more chance to work for the social welfare since I won the title.This time，in Shanghai，I’d love to make a deep impression on my TV audience，”said Luo Lin with a sweet smile. Q：Which of the following is NOT true? A.Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai. B.Luo Lin moved to Hongkong with her pare

11、nts. C.Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991. D.Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia. 【解析】A、C和D項(xiàng)都可在原文找到答案，而B(niǎo)項(xiàng)原文所給的是：taken to Hongkong可判斷不是moved to Hongkong with her parents，因此選B。 考點(diǎn)二、主題理解或?qū)懽饕鈭D推斷。 一、主旨閱讀理解題考查的內(nèi)容 1.短文的標(biāo)題（title,headline）； 2.短文或段落的主題（subject）； 3.中心思想(mai

12、n idea)； 4.作者的寫(xiě)作目的(purpose)。 二、此類(lèi)題的設(shè)問(wèn)方式 1.What would be the best title for the text? 2.What does the second paragraph mainly discuss? 3.What is the passage mainly about? 4.The main purpose of announcing the above events is__________. 考點(diǎn)三、推理推斷。 推理題要求考生根據(jù)文章提供的事實(shí)和線索進(jìn)行邏輯推理，推斷出作者沒(méi)有提到或者沒(méi)有明

13、說(shuō)的事實(shí)或者可能發(fā)生的事實(shí)。這類(lèi)題旨在考查學(xué)生透過(guò)詞語(yǔ)的字面意義去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力，屬于深層理解題。 此類(lèi)題的設(shè)問(wèn)常常包括infer,imply,suggest,conclude 等詞，這類(lèi)題的設(shè)問(wèn)方式主要有： 1.We can infer from the Passage that__________. 2.What can be inferred from the Passage? 3.Which of the following can be inferred from the Passage? 4.It can be inferred from P

14、aragraph 3 that__________. 5.The author suggests in this paragraph that__________. 6.The writer implies that__________. 7.It can be inferred that__________. 8.It can be concluded from the Passage that__________. 9.On the whole,we can conclude that__________. 10.From the text we can conc

15、lude that__________. 11.After reading the Passage we may conclude that__________. 12.What conclusion can be drawn from the Passage? 13.The author is inclined to think that__________. 14.When the writer talks about,what he really means is that__________. 15.What’s the writer’s attitude/fee

16、ling towards...? 16.In the writer’s opinion,... 假如題干中有具體線索，根據(jù)具體線索找到原文相關(guān)句(一句或幾句話)，然后做出推理；2.假如題干中無(wú)線索，如It can be inferred from the passage that...；It can be concluded from the passage that...等，先瀏覽一下4個(gè)選項(xiàng)，排除不太可能的選項(xiàng)，然后根據(jù)最可能的選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞找到原文相關(guān)句，作出推理；3.如果一篇文章中其他題都未涉及文章主旨，那么推理題，如infer,conclude題型，可能與文章主旨有關(guān)，考生應(yīng)

17、該定位到文章主題所在位置(如主題句出現(xiàn)處)；假如其他題已經(jīng)涉及文章主旨，那么要求推斷出來(lái)的內(nèi)容可能與段落主題有關(guān)，如果如此，應(yīng)該找段落主題所在處；如果不與段落主題有關(guān)，有時(shí)與全文或段落的重要結(jié)論有關(guān)，這時(shí)可以尋找與這些結(jié)論相關(guān)的原文敘述。 考點(diǎn)四、詞義、句義猜測(cè)。 詞義猜測(cè)閱讀理解題考查對(duì)文中關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)的理解。在閱讀理解題中，所考查的詞或短語(yǔ)的意義往往不停留在字面上，要根據(jù)語(yǔ)境來(lái)判斷。 1.定義法。如: Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slow

18、ly. 句子給予annealing 以明確的定義，即 “退火”。 It will be very hard but also very brittle—that is,it will break easily. 從后面的解釋中我們可以了解到brittle 是“脆”的意思。 The herdsman,who looks after sheep，earns about 650 yuan a year. 定語(yǔ)從句中 looks after sheep 就表明了 herdsman 的詞義為“牧人”。 2.同位法。如: They traveled a long way and at las

19、t got to a castle,a large building in old times. 同位語(yǔ)部分a large building in old times 給出了 castle 的確切詞義，即“城堡”。 We are on the night shift—from midnight to 8 a.m.—this week. 兩個(gè)破折號(hào)之間的短語(yǔ)很清楚地表明night shift 是“夜班”的意思。 3.對(duì)比法。如: She is usually prompt for all her class,but today she arrived in the middle of

20、her first class. but一詞表轉(zhuǎn)折，因此but 前后的意思正相反。后半句的意思是“她今天第一節(jié)上了一半才來(lái)”，因此反向推理，可得出她平時(shí)一向“準(zhǔn)時(shí)”的結(jié)論。 4.構(gòu)詞法(前綴、后綴、復(fù)合、派生等)。如: Perhaps,we can see some possibilities for next fifty years.But the next hundred? possibility 是 possible 的同根名詞,據(jù)此可以判斷定 possibility 意思是“可能性”。 5.因果法。如： The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken.Sometimes the weakness was permanent.So the player could never play the sport again. 從后面的結(jié)果“永遠(yuǎn)不能再運(yùn)動(dòng)”中，可以推測(cè) permanent 的意思為“永遠(yuǎn)的，永久”。