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1、Writing a historical interview,Semi-controlled practice,Tips,Sample,Guided writing,,Guided writing,Time adverbials,Indicating time in the past,Identifying time adverbials,Passive voice,Use of passive voice,Exercises on passive voice,Writing a historical interview,,Indicating time in the past,Dating

2、from the 12th century, Bologna is Europes oldest university. By the early 13th century power over the university lay with the students. At that time most university lecturers depended for their academic incomes on teaching fees which they collected from their students. Student power at Bologna laste

3、d a little over one hundred years, from the early 13th to the mid-14th century.,Discuss the function of colored words in the sentences.,Guided writing,click,click,click,click,Link past and present to set the context.,Describe that a particular situation was already in place before a certain time, or

4、 to signal that the situation has changed.,Describe a situation at a particular moment in the past.,Refer to the duration of a period in history in the past.,,Identifying time adverbials, at the beginning of each academic year the lecturer had to deposit a sum of money with a city banker At the begi

5、nning of the academic year the students and the lecturers decided which material was to be taught that year and when it was to be taught. Student power at Bologna lasted a little over one hundred years, from the early 13th century to the mid 14th century. By 1350 almost all the lecturers were appoin

6、ted and paid by the local town council.,Guided writing,Find other examples of time adverbials in thepassage.,,Four students were elected in secret to spy on lectures. The child was struck by the car. Kennedy was elected president. A lecturer was required to attract an audience of at least five stude

7、nts at every lecture. The breakthrough was achieved by Burlingame and Evans, two researchers in the universitys genetic engineering lab. We had hoped to report on this problem but the data was inadvertently deleted from our files.,Guided writing,Use of passive voice,Read the sentences and discuss wh

8、y the passive voice is preferred to active voice.,click,click,click,click,click,click,,Four students were elected in secret to spy on lectures. The child was struck by the car. The breakthrough was achieved by Burlingame and Evans, two researchers in the universitys genetic engineering lab.,Guided w

9、riting,Use of passive voice,The receiver of the action is more important than the doer.,To place the most important information in a sentence at the end.,The doer is unimportant.,Back,,A lecturer was required to attract an audience of at least five students at every lecture. The store was robbed las

10、t night. We had hoped to report on this problem but the data was inadvertently deleted from our files.,Guided writing,Use of passive voice,The doer is unknown.,To conceal the performer of an action or the identity of a person responsible for a mistake.,The focus is on the receiver of the action .,Ba

11、ck,,兇手已于昨天被捕，據(jù)說他將會(huì)被絞死。 茶會(huì)上只供應(yīng)茶和餅。 注意看看信的地址是否寫對了。 有人問她感覺如何，她說：“呼吸困難?！?每逢假日的下午，我總要漫游周圍的鄉(xiāng)村。 今晚有人在此講了些不該講的話。,Guided writing,Exercises on passive voice,Translate the following sentences.,click,click,click,click,click,click,,兇手已于昨天被捕，據(jù)說他將會(huì)被絞死。 茶會(huì)上只供應(yīng)茶和餅。 注意看看信的地址是否寫對了。,Guided writing,Exercises on passive

12、voice,The murderer was caught yesterday, and it is said that he will be hanged.,At the tea party only tea and cake were served.,Care should be taken to see that the letter is probably addressed.,Back,,有人問她感覺如何，她說: “呼吸困難?！?每逢假日的下午，我總要漫游周圍的鄉(xiāng)村。 今晚有人在此講了些不該講的話。,Guided writing,Exercises on passive voice,

13、When asked how she felt, she said: “Im having trouble breathing.”,My holiday afternoon were spent in ramble about the surrounding country.,Some things have been said here tonight that ought not to have been spoken.,Back,,Guided writing,Set the context. My university dates from Introduce the main foc

14、us. It soon became Expand the information in the previous sentence. It had ,Write a short passage about the early years of your college or university.,More,Semi-controlled practice,,Guided writing,Add an interesting detail. The most interesting thing about my university Say what happened at a partic

15、ular moment in the universitys history. At that time, my university Write a conclusion. Today my university is one of the ,,Guided writing,Find out history and stories of your university. Use the guide on your book to start your sentences, but please add your sentences to expand the writing whenev

16、er there is an opportunity. Delete one or two words if necessary and modify the tense given to get your sentences fit with the meaning and context.,Tips,,Guided writing,My university dates from 1931 as a provincial education college.,More,Set the context,Sample,,Guided writing,It became a state teac

17、hers college in 1944 with its main focus on training teachers. It had trained many teachers for all over the province, because the country then needed teachers to offer education to children and adult learners.,More,Expand the information in the previous sentence,,Guided writing,The most interesting

18、 thing about my university is that it was said that the founder of Chinas geomechanics Prof. Li Siguang (李四光18891971) was the person who persuaded the authorities to change the university from an education college to a teacher training college, even though he did not have an official position at the

19、 university.,More,Add an interesting detail,,Guided writing,At that time, my university only had a few departments with limited resources. Later after 1949, the university expanded with its graduates working in different professions although its main focus was still to train teachers.,More,Say what

20、happened at a particular moment in the universitys history,,Guided writing,Today my university is one of the key comprehensive universities offering courses from undergraduate to doctoral degrees to over 18,000 students, producing qualified teachers as well as engineers, lawyers, scientists, mathematicians, economists and management professionals.,Write a conclusion,,Guided writing,