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1、 第十五講：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞——?jiǎng)用~ 教學(xué)重點(diǎn)： 掌握動(dòng)名詞這一語(yǔ)法知識(shí)。了解這一語(yǔ)法知識(shí)在高考中的應(yīng)用。 命題趨勢(shì)： 動(dòng)名詞的考點(diǎn)依次為作賓語(yǔ)，作主語(yǔ)，作定語(yǔ)，作表語(yǔ)。一些固定的基本知識(shí)應(yīng)記牢。 知識(shí)點(diǎn)回顧 在句子中充當(dāng)除謂語(yǔ)以外的句子成分的動(dòng)詞形式叫做非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞分為三種形式：不定式，動(dòng)名詞，和分詞（分詞包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞）。 動(dòng)名詞 1.動(dòng)名詞簡(jiǎn)述：動(dòng)名詞是三種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一種。由動(dòng)詞+ing構(gòu)成，與現(xiàn)在分詞的形式相同。動(dòng)名詞在句中可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)（介詞賓語(yǔ)和動(dòng)賓）和表語(yǔ)，還可以作定語(yǔ)。同時(shí)，動(dòng)名詞仍然具有動(dòng)詞的若干特點(diǎn)，它可以有自己的賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。 2.動(dòng)名

2、詞在句中所能充當(dāng)?shù)某煞郑? 主語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) 表語(yǔ) 定語(yǔ) 狀語(yǔ) 補(bǔ)語(yǔ) 動(dòng)名詞 √ √ √ √ 2.1動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ) Talking mends no holes.空談無(wú)濟(jì)于事。 Seeing is believing.眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。 Having done the work is an experience you’ll never forget. 做過(guò)這種工作，就會(huì)使你永生難忘。 注意：動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一律用單數(shù)。（詳見(jiàn)上三例） 2.1.1用It作形式主語(yǔ) 用動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，和動(dòng)詞不定式一樣，有時(shí)也用It作形式主語(yǔ)。 It is no use

3、 (useless) talking too much. = Talking too much is no use (useless). It is no good crying.= Crying is no good. It trains the ear listening to music. = Listening to music trains the ear. 2.1.2在there be句型中 只能用動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)（不用不定式） There is no + ---ing. （…..是不可能的） = It is impossible to….. = No one can

4、….. There is no telling what will happen. = It is impossible to tell what will happen. = No one can tell what will happen. 無(wú)法預(yù)言將會(huì)發(fā)生什么事情。 There is no getting along with him. = It is difficult to get along with him. 他這個(gè)人很難相處。 2.2動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ) His hobby is painting. What he likes best is making joke

5、s. 動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般表示比較抽象的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作，表語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)常常可以互換。 His hobby is painting. Painting is his hobby. What he likes best is making jokes. Making jokes is what he likes best. One of his bad habits is not speaking clearly. Not speaking clearly is one of his bad habits. 2.3動(dòng)名詞和不定式在句中做主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別 2.3.1一般情況下兩者區(qū)別不大，有

6、時(shí)可以通用。 Seeing is believing. = To see is to believe. It is dangerous playing with explosives. = It is dangerous to play with explosives. 2.3.2有時(shí)，動(dòng)名詞和不定式也有區(qū)別，主要表現(xiàn)在動(dòng)名詞所表示的動(dòng)作比較抽象，或者是習(xí)慣性的，而不定式多表示某次比較具體的動(dòng)作，特別是將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。 His hobby is painting. In summer what he wants to do is to paint. 2.4動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ) Our mon

7、itor suggested having a discussion of this subject. The rain prevented us from going out. 2.4.1只能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有： admit承認(rèn)，appreciate感激，贊賞，avoid避免，complete完成，consider考慮，delay耽誤，deny否認(rèn)，detest討厭，endure忍受，enjoy喜歡，escape逃脫，prevent阻止，fancy想象，finish完成，imagine想象，mind介意，miss錯(cuò)過(guò)，postpone推遲，practise訓(xùn)練，recall回憶，r

8、esent討厭，resist抵抗，resume繼續(xù)，risk冒險(xiǎn)，suggest建議，face面對(duì)，include包括，stand忍受，understand理解，forgive寬恕，keep繼續(xù) 例如： Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please? The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught. 2.4.2只能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的詞組有： admit to承認(rèn)，add to加上，be (get) used to習(xí)慣于，be accustomed to習(xí)慣于

9、，be tired of厭煩……，be fond of喜歡，be capable of有…的能力，be afraid of為…而害怕，be proud of為…自豪，驕傲，be successful in在…成功，be good at擅長(zhǎng)于…，be interested in對(duì)….感興趣，be engaged in從事于….，be busy with忙于，be sentenced to宣判，burst out突然，can’t help禁不住，come to談到，confess to承認(rèn)，count on / upon依靠，信賴(lài)，devote oneself to把…貢獻(xiàn)給…，dream of夢(mèng)

10、想，depend on依靠，excuse…for…為…而原諒，feel like愿意做什么，give up放棄，hold off推遲，insist on堅(jiān)持，It’s worth…值得，It’s no use / good沒(méi)有用/不好，無(wú)益keep on堅(jiān)持，know of對(duì)…了解，look forward to期盼，盼望，lead to導(dǎo)致，object to反對(duì)，put off推遲，prevent…from…阻止…免受…，pay attention to注意，prefer…to比起…更…，stick to堅(jiān)持，set about著手去做，think of / about想到/考慮 T

11、here be句型中動(dòng)名詞的使用。 There is no need use harm + (in) doing hurry 例如： When I heard his voice, I couldn’t help thinking of my father. You’d better put off having the meeting till next month. 2.4.3動(dòng)名詞和不定式作賓語(yǔ)，有以下區(qū)別： 常見(jiàn)于like, hate, learn, prefer, love…這些動(dòng)詞 I like

12、 skating. But I don’t like to skate today. 我喜歡滑冰，但是我今天不想去滑冰。 （like skating是指一貫的，習(xí)慣性的愛(ài)好，而like to skate是暫時(shí)的動(dòng)作） The girl has learned to cook. 這個(gè)小姑娘已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)做飯了。 The girl has learned cooking. 這個(gè)小姑娘學(xué)過(guò)做飯。 ①learn to do表示學(xué)會(huì)做某事 ②learn doing表示曾學(xué)過(guò) 2.4.4下列詞組中，動(dòng)名詞和不定式都可以作賓語(yǔ)，但區(qū)別很大： （1）stop doing / to do ①st

13、op to do停止，中斷做某事后去做另一件事。 ②stop doing 停止做某事。 （2）forget doing / to do ①forget to do忘記要去做某事。（未做） ②forget doing 忘記做過(guò)某事。（已做） （3）remember doing / to do ①remember to do記得去做某事（未做） ②remember doing記得做過(guò)某事（已做） （4）regret doing / to do ①regret to do對(duì)要做的事遺憾。（未做） ②regret doing 對(duì)做過(guò)的事遺憾、后悔。（已做） （5）cease do

14、ing / to do ①cease to do 長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，甚至永遠(yuǎn)停做某事。 ②cease doing 短時(shí)停止做某事，以后還會(huì)接著做。 （6）try doing / to do ①try to do 努力，企圖做某事。 ②try doing 試驗(yàn)，試著做某事。 （7）go on doing / to do ①go on to do 做了一件事后，接著做另一件事。 ②go on doing 繼續(xù)做原來(lái)做的事。 （8）be afraid of doing / to do ①be afraid to do 不敢，膽怯去做某事，是主觀上的原因不去做，意為“怕”。 ②be afr

15、aid of doing擔(dān)心出現(xiàn)doing的狀況、結(jié)果。doing是客觀上造成的，意為生怕，恐怕。 （9）be interested in doing / to do ①be interested to do 對(duì)做某事感興趣，想了解某事。 ②be interested in doing 對(duì)某種想法感興趣，doing通常為想法。 （10）mean doing / to do ①mean to do 打算去做某事 ②mean doing 意味著某事 （11）begin (start) doing / to do ①begin / start to do sth ②begin /

16、start doing sth （12）learn to do / doing ①learn to do表示學(xué)會(huì)做某事 ②learn doing表示曾學(xué)過(guò) 2.5動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ) 例如： drinking water飲用水 walking stick手杖 smoking room吸煙室 動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)一般表示所修飾詞的用途 2.6動(dòng)名詞定語(yǔ)和不定式定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別 2.6.1動(dòng)名詞定語(yǔ)在它所修飾詞的前面，而不定式定語(yǔ)要放在它所修飾詞的后面。 The swimming pool belongs to our school. I have something important to

17、 do. 2.6.2動(dòng)名詞定語(yǔ)表示所修飾詞的用途或使用目的，而不定式定語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)作性較強(qiáng)，所修飾詞往往是不定式的承受者（邏輯賓語(yǔ)）。 He wants to improve his teaching method. Do you have anything to say? 3.動(dòng)名詞的否定式和動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ) 3.1動(dòng)名詞的否定式：not + 動(dòng)名詞 I must apologize not letting you know ahead of time. His not getting to the station on the time makes everyone worried.

18、 3.2動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ) 物主代詞/名詞的所有格 + 動(dòng)名詞 此時(shí)物主代詞和名詞的所有格是這個(gè)動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)，動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)可以作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)（動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)和介詞賓語(yǔ)） Li Ming’s being late made his teacher very angry. I think the big problem is their not having enough time. Do you mind my leaving now? 4.動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài) 4.1動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài) 4.1.1動(dòng)名詞的一般式 表示泛指的一般性動(dòng)作，即動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間并不明確；或者動(dòng)名詞所表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)

19、詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或在它的動(dòng)作之后發(fā)生。 I’m looking forward to seeing you soon. 4.1.2動(dòng)名詞的完成式 所表示的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生。 You regret not having taken the doctor’s advice, do you? Thank you for having helped me so much. 4.2動(dòng)名詞的語(yǔ)態(tài) 4.2.1動(dòng)名詞被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞邏輯上的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)名詞所表示的動(dòng)作的對(duì)象時(shí)，動(dòng)名詞一般要用它的被動(dòng)式。 The squirrel was lucky that it just

20、missed being caught. Before being used, the machine must be checked. 4.2.2動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式代替被動(dòng)形式 主語(yǔ)（通常是物） + want need require（需要） + doing（動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式） deserve（值得） =主語(yǔ) + want/ need/ require/ deserve to be done（不定式的被動(dòng)形式） The radio wants (needs, requires) repairing. =The radio wants (needs, requires) to be repaired. 另外： 主語(yǔ) + be worth doing = 主語(yǔ) + be worthy + to be done/ of being done. The book is worth reading again. =The book is worthy to be read. =The book is worthy of being read. 5 教學(xué)d