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青島農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)海都學(xué)院 本科生畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)） 題 目： 一種新型金相試樣拋光機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì) 姓 名： 張?jiān)诮? 學(xué) 院： 海都學(xué)院 專 業(yè)： 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動(dòng)化 班 級(jí)： 2006.02 學(xué) 號(hào)： 020060574 指導(dǎo)教師： 劉玉高 完成時(shí)間： 2010.6 目 錄 摘 要 ..........................................................................................................................................I ABSTRACT ...........................................................................................................................II 1 緒論.......................................................................................................................................1 1.1 設(shè)計(jì)的目的和意義 ..........................................................................................................1 1.2 金相試樣拋光機(jī)的國(guó)內(nèi)外研究狀況 ..............................................................................1 1.2.1 國(guó)外拋光機(jī)的性能與特點(diǎn) ................................................................................................................1 1.2.2 國(guó)內(nèi)拋光機(jī)的性能與特點(diǎn) ................................................................................................................2 1.2.3 討論 .....................................................................................................................................................2 2 金相試樣拋光機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)思想及方案確定 .....................................................................4 2.1 設(shè)計(jì)要求 ..........................................................................................................................4 2.2 金相試樣拋光機(jī)整體方案的確定 ..................................................................................4 2.2.1 金相試樣拋光機(jī)類型分析 .............................................................................................4 2.2.2 金相試樣拋光機(jī)方案比較 ................................................................................................................5 2.2.3 綜合考慮選出最佳設(shè)計(jì)方案 .........................................................................................6 3 金相試樣拋光機(jī)機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì).............................................................................................7 3.1 動(dòng)力頭的設(shè)計(jì) ..................................................................................................................7 3.2 加減壓機(jī)構(gòu)的機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì) ..................................................................................................9 3.3 齒輪箱的設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................................................10 3.3.1 齒輪設(shè)計(jì) .........................................................10 3.3.2. 齒輪軸的設(shè)計(jì) .....................................................15 3.3.3 絲杠的設(shè)計(jì) ........................................................17 3.4 電機(jī)的計(jì)算選擇 .............................................................................................................20 3.5 拋光盤(pán)動(dòng)力源電機(jī)的計(jì)算選擇 ..........................................21 3.6 帶輪的計(jì)算選擇 ......................................................22 4 夾具設(shè)計(jì) ............................................................................................................................24 5 金相試樣拋光機(jī)調(diào)速部分設(shè)計(jì) .................................................................................25 5.1 顯示面板設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................................................25 5.2 金相試樣拋光機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)整體框架設(shè)計(jì)思想 ..............................26 5.3 伺服電機(jī)的調(diào)速研究 ....................................................................................................26 6 總結(jié).....................................................................................................................................29 參考文獻(xiàn) ................................................................................................................................30 致謝 .........................................................................................................................................31 I 摘 要 為了提高金相拋光機(jī)的加工效率，保證加工工件的平行度，本文在研究和分析了傳統(tǒng)拋光機(jī)工 藝的基礎(chǔ)上，設(shè)計(jì)了電控系統(tǒng)和主軸調(diào)速系統(tǒng)。本文主要就拋光壓力、拋光速度兩個(gè)方面的關(guān)鍵技 術(shù)作了詳細(xì)的描述?？蓪?shí)現(xiàn)拋光盤(pán)轉(zhuǎn)速實(shí)時(shí)可控。并研究出一種先進(jìn)的加壓執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)，該機(jī)構(gòu)能使 夾具上的壓力靈活調(diào)整，從而系統(tǒng)可根據(jù)不同的試樣調(diào)整加壓機(jī)構(gòu)，給定合適的拋光壓力。實(shí)現(xiàn)拋 光壓力持續(xù)可調(diào)。并實(shí)現(xiàn)拋光盤(pán)轉(zhuǎn)速緩升穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行轉(zhuǎn)速緩減的運(yùn)行模式。目的是預(yù)防工件 在加速、減速工況下破碎及平滑加工平面的實(shí)現(xiàn)。盡量用軟件來(lái)代替了硬件，降低了成本，使系統(tǒng) 更加小巧輕便。該系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)新穎，技術(shù)先進(jìn)，具有很高的性能價(jià)格比，采用機(jī)電一體化技術(shù)，適合 國(guó)情，符合國(guó)際發(fā)展動(dòng)態(tài)，但設(shè)計(jì)高自動(dòng)化、低成本的適合我國(guó)國(guó)情的金相試樣拋光機(jī)仍然面臨有 待攻克的難題，提高各項(xiàng)技術(shù)和經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)仍是今后拋光機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)需解決的主要內(nèi)容。 關(guān)鍵詞:金相試樣拋光機(jī);電氣控制;拋光 II Abstract TO improve The Metallographic Sample Polishing Machine lapping efficiency and work piece parallelism，on the basic of analyzing and researching traditional lapping of double-sides lapping technology, electric and speed control systems are designed. The purpose of this was to prevent the work piece from broken while accelerating and realizing the flat surface. Replaced the hardware with the software，lowered the cost and made the system deft. The design of this system was novel, the technique was advanced, had the very high function price compare, adopted the electric control systems technique, was fit for the state of our nation, was fit for the international development status. But design The Polishing Machine with the high automation, low cost and keeping with our country step still need face the tickler waiting to resolve, increasing various technique and economic index is still the main contents in the Polishing machine designing. Keywords: Metallographic Sample Polishing Machine: electric control systems: Polish 3