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1、第二部分第二部分 專項語法專項語法 高效突破高效突破專項專項1212非謂語動詞非謂語動詞 非謂語動詞在句子中不可以單獨用作謂語，也不受主語人稱和數的限制，在句子中可以用作其他句子成分。非謂語動詞有三種形式：動詞不定式、動名詞和分詞。高頻考點高頻考點精講精講1.形容詞語法功能1.動詞不定式的構成：肯定結構：(to)動詞原形否定結構：not(to)動詞原形2動詞不定式的用法考點考點1 1 動詞不定式動詞不定式功能說明例句主語不定式作主語時，常常用it作形式主語，而把不定式放在后面To speak English is not easy for us.It is not easy for us to

2、 speak English.講英語對我們來說不容易。表語多數情況下，不定式作表語，可轉換為作主語My work is to clean the room every day.To clean the room every day is my work.我的工作就是每天打掃這間屋子。賓語只能作某些動詞的賓語，一般不作介詞的賓語What sports does he like to play？他喜歡做什么運動？He likes to play basketball.他喜歡打籃球。賓補在make，let，see，hear，watch等使役、感官動詞后，不定式省略toMy mother made m

3、e play the piano all the time.我媽媽讓我一直彈鋼琴。定語不定式作定語，要放在所修飾詞的后面Have you got anything to say？你有要說的嗎？狀語不定式作狀語，其邏輯主語要和句子的主語一致Im sorry to trouble you.(表原因)很抱歉，給你添麻煩了。I went to the library to study English.(表目的)我去圖書館學英語了。考點考點2 2 動名詞動名詞1.動名詞的構成動名詞一般由“動詞原形ing”構成。2動名詞的句法功能功能說明例句主語謂語動詞用單數形式Eating too much is ba

4、d for your health.吃得太多對你的健康有害。賓語動詞賓語表示一般的習慣或抽象行為或經常性的動作I like playing basketball very much.我非常喜歡打籃球。介詞賓語Stamps are used for sending letters.郵票是被用來寄信的。表語多數情況下，動名詞作表語可轉換成作主語His hobby is collecting stamps.Collecting stamps is his hobby.他的愛好是集郵。定語只表明它所修飾的詞的用途、所屬關系等。置于所修飾詞之前She is in the reading room.她在閱

5、覽室里。We should improve our teaching methods.我們應該改進教學方法。【注意】英語中有一些詞后面常跟動名詞作賓語：口訣記憶：完成實踐值得忙(finish，practice，be worth，be busy)；繼續(xù)習慣別放棄(keep on，be used to，give up)；考慮建議不禁想(consider，suggest，cant help，feel like)；喜歡思念要介意(enjoy，miss，mind)含有介詞to的固定短語：look forward to期盼，盼望；prefer.to.比起更喜歡；be used to.習慣于。這些后面需要接

6、名詞、代詞或動詞的ing形式作賓語。3.一些動詞后接不定式和動名詞的區(qū)別stop to do sth.停下來去做某事stop doing sth.停止做某事remember to do sth.記住要做某事remember doing sth.記得曾做過某事(動作已發(fā)生)forget to do sth.忘記做某事(動作未發(fā)生)forget doing sth.忘記做過某事(動作已發(fā)生)try to do sth.努力去做某事try doing sth.試著去做某事regret to do sth.對要做的事感到遺憾(未做)regret doing sth.對做過的事感到遺憾，后悔(已做)4.

7、一些動詞后跟動詞不定式和動名詞作賓語補足語的區(qū)別常見動詞 跟動詞不定式(不帶to)跟現在分詞see，watch，notice，hear，feel，have等表示已經完成了的或經常性的動作 表示動作正在進行著 I heard him sing in the classroom.我聽到他在教室里唱歌了。(“唱”這個動作已經結束)I heard him singing in the classroom.我聽到他正在教室里唱歌。(“唱”這個動作正在進行)考點考點3 3 分詞分詞1.現在分詞和過去分詞的構成現在分詞：v.ing 過去分詞：v.ed(規(guī)則動詞)2分詞的用法句子成分用法例句作定語現在分詞表示

8、正在進行，有主動的含義；過去分詞表示已經完成，有被動的含義The crying boy annoyed us a lot.那個哭泣的男孩使我們很煩惱。作表語 放在系動詞后作表語The story is interesting.I am interested in it.這個故事很有趣。我對它很感興趣。作賓語補足語用于補充說明賓語的動作和狀態(tài)He could hear his heart beating fast.他可以聽見自己的心臟跳得很快。I want to have my hair cut.我想要剪頭發(fā)。作狀語通常表示主語正在進行的另一動作，來對主語的主要動作加以修飾I got home，

9、feeling very tired.我疲憊地回到家里。十年真題十年真題全練全練 近十年來，臨沂中考對非謂語動詞的考查形式以單項填空和動詞應用兩種題型為主，考查內容多以動詞不定式的用法為主。在2018年臨沂中考中，單項填空和動詞應用中將會有1至3道題考查動詞不定式的用法。考點考點1 1 動詞不定式動詞不定式1.2017臨沂，22Doctors in the town are using the books _their studies and treat patients.Acontinue Bto continue Ccontinuing Dcontinues22017臨沂，26Cindys

10、 grandmother is learning_the new mobile phone.Ause Buses Cused Dto useBD32016臨沂，26These people dress themselves in bloody shark suits.They tell people _ shark fins in order to protect sharks.Aeat Bto eat Cnot eat Dnot to eat42015臨沂，23What happens when you hear a strange noise at night，or find a big

11、spider in the corner of your bedroom?It often makes us_Ajump Bto jump Cjumping Djumped52014臨沂，16Mike went to the library _ some books yesterday.Aborrow Bto borrow Cborrows DborrowedDAB62013臨沂，31My parents often tell me _too much junk food because its bad for my health.Anot eating Bnot to eat Ceating

12、 Dto eat72012臨沂，27China plans to let tourists _ the Xisha islands in the South China Sea this year.Avisit Bvisits Cvisiting Dvisited82011臨沂，27If prices rise too high，the government has to do something _ it.Astop Bstopped Cstopping Dto stop92009臨沂，33Doctors tell people_their hands often and to stay h

13、ome if they feel ill.Ato wash Bwashes Cwash DwashingBADA考點考點2 2 動名詞動名詞10.2017臨沂，23When President Xi Jinping has spare time，he enjoys_and sports.Aread Breads Cto read Dreading112015臨沂，25Thanks to the robots，the human reporters do not have to spend a lot of time_ numbers and information.Aprocessing Bt

14、o processCprocessed DprocessDA猜押預測猜押預測單項填空1The Smiths have decided _ a house near the sea.Abuy Bbought Cbuying Dto buy2I bought a big box _ books for kids in poor areas.Acollects Bto collectCcollect Dcollected3Our country encourages more students _ football.Now many football clubs have been set up i

15、n schools.Aplay Bplaying Cto play Dwill playDBC4After she finished _ the story，Alice wrote a review for her school newspaper.Aread Breads Cto read Dreading5How kind you are!You always do what you can_ others.Ahelp Bhelping Chelps Dto help6My parents dont allow me _ late.Astay up Bto stay upCstays up

16、 Dstaying upDDB7Its getting dark now.Why not stop _ home?OK.Lets go.Ago Bgoing Cto go Dgoes8Mount Xiaolei is not far away from here，but it will still take us a few hours _ there by bike.Agetting Bto get Cgot Dget9We advise parents _their children at home alone in order to keep them away from danger.Anot to leave Bnot leaveCnot leaving Dto not leave10Our teacher often asks us_time.Anot waste Bdont wasteCnot to waste Ddoesnt wasteCBAC