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中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)長城學(xué)院 本科畢業(yè)論文外文資料翻譯 系 別： 工程技術(shù)系 專 業(yè)： 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動(dòng)化 姓 名： 王東升 學(xué) 號(hào)： 05211618 2015年 4月 1日 外文資料翻譯譯文 蘋果去皮結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 摘要：本次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)主要研究了以摩擦原理為基礎(chǔ)的蘋果去皮機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)要點(diǎn)、工作原理及設(shè)備的組成。通過對(duì)原始數(shù)據(jù)的分析、方案的論證及其相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)的分析計(jì)算，完成蘋果去皮機(jī)的總體設(shè)計(jì)，是一種新形式去皮機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)，能夠更好地服務(wù)于蔬果去皮行業(yè)的發(fā)展，更好地適應(yīng)國內(nèi)外市場的需求，因此具有良好的市場前景。 關(guān)鍵詞：蘋果去皮結(jié)構(gòu)； 摩擦； 傳動(dòng) 1 國內(nèi)研究現(xiàn)狀 技術(shù)工藝是衡量一個(gè)企業(yè)是否具有先進(jìn)性，是否具備市場競爭力，是否能不斷領(lǐng)先于競爭者的重要指標(biāo)依據(jù)。隨著國內(nèi)蘋果去皮機(jī)構(gòu)市場的迅猛發(fā)展，與之相關(guān)的核心生產(chǎn)技術(shù)應(yīng)用與研發(fā)必將成為業(yè)內(nèi)企業(yè)關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。了解國內(nèi)外蘋果去皮機(jī)生產(chǎn)核心技術(shù)的研發(fā)動(dòng)向、工藝設(shè)備、技術(shù)應(yīng)用及趨勢，對(duì)于企業(yè)提升產(chǎn)品技術(shù)規(guī)格，提高市場競爭力十分關(guān)鍵。 蘋果制品的主要品種有蘋果條、蘋果片、脫水蘋果泥等。不論何種制品，其加工工藝都要求必須對(duì)原料蘋果進(jìn)行去皮處理，才能保證產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量，保證其外觀、色澤和口感。蘋果去皮的方法主要有人工去皮、化學(xué)去皮、機(jī)械去皮等。人工去皮的去皮效果較好，但效率低、損失率高，顯然不能適應(yīng)蘋果產(chǎn)業(yè)化發(fā)展的需要；化學(xué)去皮有熱堿法和低溫去皮液法兩種形式，主要依賴強(qiáng)堿溶液及特配化學(xué)去皮液的作用，軟化和松馳蘋果的表皮和芽眼，然后用高壓冷水噴射，達(dá)到去皮目的。這種方法對(duì)去皮前后的沖洗工藝要求較高，且堿液或去皮液消耗量過大，成本較高，而且這種方法嚴(yán)重影響了產(chǎn)品的口感。機(jī)械去皮是摩擦去皮形式，主依賴蘋果與蘋果之間及蘋果與金剛砂或橡膠之間的磨擦作用而達(dá)到去皮的目的，這種方法去皮效果好、降低了生產(chǎn)成本、減少了環(huán)境污染、操作簡單、速度快、可一人操作、效率高能實(shí)現(xiàn)產(chǎn)品利益的最大化。 2 蘋果去皮機(jī)的工作原理 蘋果去皮機(jī)采用臥式機(jī)型，主要包括工作圓筒，工作轉(zhuǎn)盤，機(jī)架和傳動(dòng)部分（詳見原理圖）。當(dāng)去蘋果去皮機(jī)工作時(shí)，工作轉(zhuǎn)盤旋轉(zhuǎn)，物料由斗形進(jìn)料口加入，物料落到旋轉(zhuǎn)刷輥表面上的波紋凸起上時(shí)，受離心力的作用由刷輥切線方向向上運(yùn)動(dòng)，物料不斷的沿工作圓筒壁運(yùn)動(dòng)，上升到頂部，又被頂部擋回落入工作盤表面。落到刷輥的粗糙表面并產(chǎn)生摩擦。物料在這樣的往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng)過程中，被猛烈翻滾攪動(dòng)，從而形成了與刷輥、筒壁及顆粒之間的以翻轉(zhuǎn)、揉搓摩擦為主，撞擊為輔的綜合機(jī)械作用效果，從而達(dá)到去皮的目的。在摩擦去皮的同時(shí)，從進(jìn)水孔注入清水，及時(shí)將擦下的皮通過刷輥與刷輥的縫隙沖至排渣口排出機(jī)體。在不停機(jī)的情況下，打開出料口的活門，物料由撥盤從出料口卸出。去皮后的蘋果由去皮機(jī)構(gòu)出料口滑槽進(jìn)入輔助機(jī)構(gòu)，經(jīng)過篩選等輔助工作后再進(jìn)入下道工序。 3 總結(jié) 相信在不久的將來，一旦該產(chǎn)品應(yīng)用到實(shí)際，將大大節(jié)省工作時(shí)間，提高工作效率，提高經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，同時(shí)將為大批量蘋果生產(chǎn)做出巨大貢獻(xiàn)，帶動(dòng)蘋果產(chǎn)業(yè)更快更好的發(fā)展。機(jī)械去皮，以電機(jī)為動(dòng)力，通過帶輪帶動(dòng)圓筒底部的磨盤旋轉(zhuǎn)。磨盤上表面中間低、邊緣高，呈波浪形。塊莖加入圓筒內(nèi)，因離心力和相互摩擦作用，在圓筒內(nèi)上、下、左、右翻動(dòng)，并不斷地滾動(dòng)；而圓筒內(nèi)壁的橡膠，將塊莖彈回，在磨盤和圓筒內(nèi)壁橡膠共同作用下土豆塊莖被均勻地磨去外皮，實(shí)現(xiàn)蘋果去皮的目的。去皮時(shí)加入清水，再打開側(cè)門，塊莖從側(cè)門排出，皮屑隨水流從磨盤的周圍間隙排出。該機(jī)為間歇生產(chǎn)，去皮機(jī)工作時(shí)，磨盤以一定的速度旋轉(zhuǎn)，滾筒內(nèi)的蘋果在離心力、重力和摩擦力共同作用下，利用蘋果相對(duì)于工作磨盤間的相對(duì)速度差，將蘋果的皮去掉。 外文原文 Potatoes peeled structure design Abstract: the graduation design is mainly studied on the basis of the principle of friction of potato peeling machine design, working principle and the composition of the equipment. Through the analysis of original data, project demonstration and related data analysis and calculation, the overall design of a complete potato peeler to peel and mechanical structure is a new form, to better serve the fruits and vegetables to the development of leather industry, better adapt to the demand of the market both at home and abroad, so has the good market prospect. Keywords: potatoes peeled structure； Friction； drive 1 the domestic research status Technology is to measure whether an enterprise has the advanced nature, whether have market competitiveness, whether can keep ahead of competitors' important index. With the rapid development of domestic potato peeling agency market, the core of the related production technology and research and development will certainly has become the focus of the industry enterprises. Understand the potato peeling machine in the production of the core technology research and development at home and abroad, process equipment, technology, application and trend, for an enterprise to improve product technical specification, improve the market competitiveness is critical. Potato products the main varieties of potatoes, potato chips, dehydrated mashed potatoes, etc. No matter what kind of products, its processing technology requirements of raw materials to deal with the peel potatoes, to guarantee the quality of the products, ensure its appearance, color and taste. Peel potatoes peeled methods mainly include artificial, chemical peeling, mechanical peeling, etc. Artificial to skin peeling effect is better, but low efficiency, high loss rate, obviously can not adapt to the needs of the development of the potato industrialization; Chemical peeling a hot alkaline or peel and low temperature liquid method in two forms, mainly rely on the strong alkali solution and liquid chemical peeling effect, softening and relaxation potato skins and body-to keep, then use high pressure water jet, peeled. This method the flushing process of before and after peeling the demand is higher, and liquid alkali, peel or consumption is too large, the cost is higher, and this way the serious influence the taste of the product. Mechanical peeling is friction peel form, the main dependence between potato and potato and potato with silicon carbide or rubber friction between role and achieve the goal of peel, good effect of this approach to skin, reduce the production cost, reduced environmental pollution, simple operation, fast speed, can one person operation, high energy efficiency to maximize the interests of the products. 2. the working principle of the potato peeler The potato peeling machine adopts horizontal machine, mainly including working cylinder, work table, frame and transmission parts (see diagram). When to work in the potato peeling machine, wheel rotation, the material by a bucket shape inlet, material fall on the surface of a rotating brush roller corrugated bulge, the effect of the centrifugal force by the brush roller tangent upward movement, material constant along the motion for a cylindrical wall, rise to the top, was at the top of the block back into the working surface of the plate. Into the rough surface and friction brush roll. The reciprocating movement of the material in this process, by violent agitation, and formed with a brush roller, wall and between particles is given priority to with flip, rubbing friction, impact of comprehensive mechanical effects, so as to achieve the aim of the skin. At the same time of friction peel, from inject water into the hole, in a timely manner will be wiped off the skin of the through brush brush roll and roll gap to discharge mouth eduction body. In the case of non-stop, open the discharge valve of mouth, material by dial discharged through the discharge port. After peeling potatoes peel by institutions discharging chute into the auxiliary body, after screening and other auxiliary work again into the next procedure. 3. summary Believe in the near future, once the product is applied to the actual, will greatly save the working time, improve work efficiency, improve the economic benefit, at the same time will make a great contribution for the mass production, giving impetus to the development of potato industry better and faster. Mechanical peeling, powered by motor, through the pulley drive cylinder at the bottom of the spinning mill. Low middle, high edge mill wheel surface, undulate. Tubers to join the cylinder, each other due to centrifugal force and the friction effect, within the cylinder up, down, left, right turn, and constantly rolling; And the rubber cylinder lining, will rebound tuber, in the mill and the cylinder wall under the function of rubber potato tuber is grinding to the skin evenly, achieve the goal of potato peeling. To skin with clear water, and then open the side door, tuber discharge from a side door, dander with flow from the discharge gap around the millstone. The machine for batch production, peeling machine, mill rotate at a certain speed, roller potato in under the action of centrifugal force, gravity and the friction, using potato work relative to the mill, the relative speed difference between the potato skin removed.