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畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）任務(wù)書(shū) 專(zhuān)業(yè) 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動(dòng)化 班級(jí) 姓名 下發(fā)日期 題目 落葉清掃機(jī)設(shè)計(jì) 專(zhuān)題 落葉清掃機(jī)設(shè)計(jì) 主 要 內(nèi) 容 及 要 求 本設(shè)計(jì)題目進(jìn)行落葉清掃機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)，主要工作有動(dòng)力選擇：汽油機(jī)或者電力驅(qū)動(dòng)。汽油驅(qū)動(dòng)型適合院落、停車(chē)場(chǎng)等戶外清掃作業(yè)；電瓶驅(qū)動(dòng)型因其噪音低，污染小，適合道路清掃作業(yè)。完成落葉清掃機(jī)的方案設(shè)計(jì)，以及結(jié)構(gòu)組成。 主要設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容為： 1. 落葉清掃機(jī)總體方案設(shè)計(jì)； 2. 落葉清掃機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)； 3. 完成折合A0 圖紙3張； 4. 翻譯英文文獻(xiàn)3000單詞左右； 5. 完成2萬(wàn)字左右的畢業(yè)論文或設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū)。 主要技術(shù)參數(shù) 清掃機(jī)高度1200mm，寬度800mm，長(zhǎng)度1420mm。圓盤(pán)毛刷轉(zhuǎn)速60r/min，滾筒轉(zhuǎn)速40r/min，所需功率225.8W。 進(jìn) 度 及 完 成 日 期 2009-3-30——2009-4-10 完成3000字外文資料翻譯 2009-4-13——2009-4-24 完成清掃機(jī)整體方案設(shè)計(jì)，并選出最佳方案 2009-4-27——2009-4-30 完成清掃機(jī)機(jī)架結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 2009-5-4——2009-5-8 完成清掃機(jī)動(dòng)力裝置設(shè)計(jì) 2009-5-11——2009-5-15 完成清掃機(jī)傳動(dòng)部分設(shè)計(jì) 2009-5-18——2009-5-22 完成清掃機(jī)清掃裝置設(shè)計(jì) 2009-5-25——2009-5-29 完成清掃機(jī)CAD圖繪制 2009-6-1——2009-6-5 完成清掃機(jī)畢業(yè)論文的書(shū)寫(xiě) 2009-6-8——2009-6-12 對(duì)畢業(yè)論文和圖紙進(jìn)行最后修改 2009-6-15——2009-6-19 打印畢業(yè)論文和圖紙 教學(xué)院長(zhǎng)簽字 日 期 教研室主任簽字 日 期 指導(dǎo)教師簽字 日 期 青島理工大學(xué)本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）說(shuō)明書(shū) 摘要 本文所設(shè)計(jì)的是用于落葉清掃的清掃機(jī)。能源裝置通過(guò)傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)將運(yùn)動(dòng)傳給兩側(cè)的盤(pán)形刷，使其分別作順時(shí)針和逆時(shí)針轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，將兩側(cè)的垃圾掃到中間，傳給中間的滾刷。然后，再由滾刷將垃圾掃入垃圾箱內(nèi)實(shí)現(xiàn)清掃功能。此設(shè)備屬中小型清掃工具，可以對(duì)各種大小的垃圾進(jìn)行清理，兩側(cè)的清掃刷可方便的清掃墻角及靠近障礙物的地方。 本課題研究中，通過(guò)查閱搜集大量資料，對(duì)不同清掃設(shè)備進(jìn)行分析對(duì)比最終確定出一種較為理想的落葉清掃機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)方案，然后根據(jù)已定方案進(jìn)行了具體結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算，并使該設(shè)備的結(jié)構(gòu)更加緊湊可靠。確定出各個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)零部件的尺寸及型號(hào)后，并對(duì)其進(jìn)行了校核以保證其能夠滿足設(shè)計(jì)要求。由于該設(shè)備的零部件相對(duì)比較普通易于制造，因此該設(shè)備的制造成本較低，是一種較為理想的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)用的落葉清掃工具。 關(guān)鍵詞：清掃機(jī)；盤(pán)形刷；滾刷；制造成本 ABSTRACT The corridor sweeping equipment is designed in this work. The energy installmen tpasses the movement to brush discs in both sides through the transmission system and makes their separately clockwise and the anti-clockwise rotation. They sweep both sides trash together, and pass it to middle rolls brushes. Then, rolls brushes again sweep trash into the trashcan to realize the function of clear sweeping. This equipment is the medium and small sweeper, which can carry on the cleaning to each kind of trash. Both brushes can facilitate to sweep the wall corner and the near obstacle clearly. In this article, massive materials can be collected. One more ideal corridor sweeper design proposal has been determined by analysis and comparison of the different scavenging arrangement. Then the concrete structure design calculation can be made according to this plan. The structure of this equipment can be made more compacted. The strength of all parts are calculated, and they all guarantee the request of design. Because the parts of equipment can be made quite easily, and the production cost is quite low, it is one more ideal economical practical corridor sweeper. Key Words: Sweeper; Disc brushes; Rolls brushes; Production cost 目 錄 摘要·················Ⅰ ABSTRACT······Ⅱ 目 錄··················Ⅲ 第1章 前言······1 1.1 清掃機(jī)的現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展前景······························1 1.2 清掃設(shè)備的概述···2 1.2.1 清掃設(shè)備的分類(lèi)······································2 1.2.2 我國(guó)清掃機(jī)械的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)······················2 1.2.3 發(fā)現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題和解決途徑··························3 1.3 課題需要完成的任務(wù)·······································4 1.3.1 設(shè)計(jì)主要內(nèi)容··········································4 1.3.2 設(shè)計(jì)工作基本要求··································4 第2章 總體方案設(shè)計(jì)·································6 2.1 設(shè)計(jì)主要技術(shù)要求···········································6 2.2 總體方案的確定···6 第3章 動(dòng)力裝置的確定····························10 3.1 蓄電池的選擇·····10 3.2 電動(dòng)機(jī)的選擇····11 第4章 清掃機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)························13 4.1 傳動(dòng)比的分配···13 4.2 帶輪的選擇設(shè)計(jì)···········································14 4.2.1 主軸帶輪的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算···························14 4.2.2 Ⅰ—Ⅱ軸帶輪的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算···················18 4.2.3 Ⅲ—Ⅳ軸的帶輪設(shè)計(jì)···························21 4.3 主軸的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算22 4.3.1 主軸的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)································22 4.3.2 軸的校核·24 4.3.3 鍵的校核·27 4.4 錐齒輪的計(jì)算······27 4.4.1 錐齒輪的計(jì)算·······································27 4.4.2 錐齒輪的校核計(jì)算······························32 4.5 車(chē)架的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算·33 結(jié)論····················35 參考文獻(xiàn)············36 致謝····················37 附件1·················38 附件2·················49 III 本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) (論文) 外 文 翻 譯 原 文 標(biāo) 題 Dry cleaning the car 譯 文 標(biāo) 題 干式清掃車(chē) 作者所在系別 機(jī)電工程學(xué)院 作者所在專(zhuān)業(yè) 車(chē)輛工程 作者所在班級(jí) 作 者 姓 名 作 者 學(xué) 號(hào) 指導(dǎo)教師姓名 指導(dǎo)教師職稱(chēng) 完 成 時(shí) 間 譯文標(biāo)題 干式清掃車(chē) 原文標(biāo)題 Dry cleaning the car 作 者 Andre.Robert 譯 名 安德烈.羅伯特 國(guó) 籍 美國(guó) 原文出處 美國(guó)學(xué)術(shù)出版社 Road sweeper is a new type of efficient cleaning equipment that combines road cleaning, garbage collection and transportation. Simple said is change his costume or dress on special automobile chassis road cleaning function of sweeping vehicles, vehicles in addition to the chassis engine, also equipped with a pair of engine, four brush sweep by the hydraulic motor drives the work, with fan, dustbin, tanks and other equipment. The new model can be a complete surface cleaning, the road road teeth cleaning, the road road teeth cleaning and cleaning the sprinkling water on the ground after work and so on, is suitable for various climate and dry pavement cleaning job. Cleaning the car type Generally, it is classified according to the way of walking, method of operation, or dust removal A hand-propelled sweeper and a hand-held sweeper A self-propelled sweeper Pure scavenging car 4, sweep sweeping car Pure suction sweeper Dry cleaning car Wet cleaning car All-smoking sweeping car The dry cleaning car is introduced Dry cleaning the car is a new type of road sweeper, not without a brush spray, all air assignments, by aerodynamics, by experts identified the domestic leading technology, and with independent intellectual property rights, development, and developed by luoyang chi windmill industry co., LTD., the production of road jie brand series vacuum sweeper all airflow, brush, spray, without a dust, without secondary dust, road clean vacuuming the widespread use of car will greatly reduce the content of particulate matter in the air, thoroughly solved the problem of the dust pollution is serious, is a modernized new sanitation product environmental protection, energy saving, the environmental protection technical indexes of this product is higher than the national industry standard. Pure suction sweeper Pure suction road sweeper is a new high-tech product that is "no secondary dust pollution and function superior to traditional sweeper". The vehicle adopts the principle of negative pressure pure absorption by the dust collection system, a dust collecting box, secondary dust collection box, dust collection system, hydraulic system, this sheng dust removal filter cartridge, and electric control system of walking system, etc, with high dust collection range, the net absorption rate, no secondary dust suction, and outlet no dust emissions, high working efficiency, etc. Is the preferred product for sanitation clean and material recycling. Suitable for the industrial and mining enterprises that produce dust, high concentration and high density of dust and dust; The rapid cleaning and cleaning of urban elevated, fast roads and tunnels; Cleaning and cleaning of main street, high grade highway and highway. The dry cleaning car is introduced Dry cleaning the car is a new type of road sweeper, not without a brush spray, all air assignments, by aerodynamics, by experts identified the domestic leading technology, and with independent intellectual property rights, development, and developed by luoyang chi windmill industry co., LTD., the production of road jie brand series vacuum sweeper all airflow, brush, spray, without a dust, without secondary dust, road clean vacuuming the widespread use of car will greatly reduce the content of particulate matter in the air, thoroughly solved the problem of the dust pollution is serious, is a modernized new sanitation product environmental protection, energy saving, the environmental protection technical indexes of this product is higher than the national industry standard. Multi-function all-suction cleaning car Multi-functional total suction sweep road car is to use the patent technology development of new products, it has changed the past the traditional method for cleaning the car plate rolling brush brush sweep, but all adopt the airflow to finish the homework, using air movement mode to hoard dust and garbage collection, so the efficiency is very high. This product can reduce dust pollution effectively, improve air quality, reduce the amount of particulate matter in air, and improve people's living environment. Why do you need to use a sweeping car The traditional answer: sweep the road to clean the floor, wash the floor to wash and dry all kinds of ground. The professional answer: the road car can not only solve the problem but also make more profit for the user. The sweeping car can solve the following problems: People live in a dusty environment with health problems; Environmental indicators required by state laws or local regulations; A problem caused by premature excess of the road due to dust or garbage; The product of the production workshop is contaminated by dust; The problem of dust pollution of fixed or moving machines in production workshops; The ability to bring greater profits (or savings) : The sweeping vacuuming system of sweeping cars is equivalent to about 6-40 times artificial; The level of 2, reduce dust pollution to the environment (to save time and money, reduce artificial cleaning of product appearance, cleaning and maintenance of mechanical equipment and periodic health work environment, etc.) Improve the efficiency of work and increase the motivation of the operator. A clean and tidy environment not only improves the image of the city, but also contributes to the construction of urban culture and the initiative of the citizens. The comparison between the mechanical and the manual 1, work efficiency, the same homework area time is greatly shortened; The clean cost of the mechanical unit area is, to be sure, lower than the artificial cost. Clean effect, the machine can avoid the problem that the cleaner USES not average, the clean effect is not unified; 4, safety performance, let clean workers in the safe environment (the traffic on the road is too much, and the safety of the self is not strong). Economic returns, for example, take a car for example, how much money it spent on the day it stopped using, the real price. In addition to the cost of investment, there are operational costs and labor costs. Sweep road car industry in China after decades of development, products from a single pure sweep type development to the present a variety of types, product performance and product quality rapidly improved, especially after the reform and opening up, by importing key purchased components to sweep road car product performance and reliability is greatly increased. But at present, the level of the road car in China is different from that of developed countries in other countries, especially in the reliability of the product. To improve the level of the sweep road car as soon as possible, reducing the gap with advanced countries sweep road car, meet the requirements of the sanitation department for road surface cleaning operation in our country, sweep road car production enterprise should choose an appropriate sweep road car research direction. With the development of the society, the progress, are no longer satisfied with the simple sense of vacuum sweeper, will from the perspectives of multifunctional, environmental protection, economy, to ask for more, call can satisfy the various needs of vacuuming car market. Is under such circumstances, the Chinese construction bureau of luoyang construction machinery factory and luoyang chi windmill industry co., LTD. Jointly developed with independent intellectual property rights of new multifunctional suction all sweep road car is now officially put on the market. The new model can be a complete surface cleaning, the road road teeth cleaning, the road road teeth cleaning and cleaning the sprinkling water on the ground after work and so on, is suitable for various climate and dry pavement cleaning operation, more suitable for square, roads, residential district, parking lot, wharf, airport, station, cement plants, power plants and other places clean dust removal. In order to avoid operation error, the control valve mainly distinguishes the main valve and the auxiliary valve. Then the two valve is, where is the main difference, the main valve driven by sweep road car chassis, vice valve power from the special function of the engine. The common engine of the road scavenging car has the north facing the wood, the jiangling, cummins. Main valve management chassis shell carriage tilt and carriages behind the back door of hydraulic pressure switch, the deputy valve management four brush to sweep road car (can be individually controlled one or all of the work) and suction cups. 2, the engine's secondary engine is different from the engine, but the average speed is around 1500 to 1800 3, according to the needs of work, generally can choose whether to take water spray dust function, general configuration generally take after water spray, also need to pay attention to the clear water tank of water is enough, clear water tank volume, working time may have difference. 4, the road sweepers electromagnetism multi-channel valve pressure adjustment is normally on the overflow valve, the user can adjust the pressure appropriately to change the speed of the sweeping brush. 5, additional sweeper can choose according to the road vehicle whether brush to brush on the left and the right to work at the same time, such as sweeping the road corner is only open one side of the brush rotation work here in the corner 6, the dustbin of the scavenging car may have small dust deposits, and manual processing is required to clean up the dustbin. 7, the distance from the sweeping car to the ground should be adjusted according to the condition of the road. The scavenging tube may often have dirt and mud, and it will need to be cleaned up regularly for better results. 9, control the electrical parts of the box in order to use a more stable need to replace a piece. 10, the sanitation worker should regularly check whether the functional areas are normal In order to avoid the effects of foreign bodies in hydraulic oil on the normal operation of the electromagnetic control valves, the sanitation workers should check the hydraulic oil regularly. 12, it is normal to check the limit device of the clutch power push rod of the engine. 13, the time interval should be five seconds when the floor is converted 14, when a hydraulic part of a road sweeper is not working properly, check the oil circuit before checking the circuit. (1) the reason that the circuit is partially abnormal may be: insurance disconnection, line connection looseness, line break (2) there may be reasons for the abnormal flow of oil: the oil pump failure, the breakdown of the tubing, the leakage of oil from the oil circuit, and the failure of the solenoid valve. Cleaning work Open the control box and point the control valve to the secondary valve position 2 start vice machine 3 the clutch control button points to the closed position, and the fan starts to work 4 point the dust box control knob to the descending position The left sweep or right sweep control button points to the descending position 6 turn the left sweep or right sweep the control knob to the positive position (left pan clockwise, right hand counterclockwise) The left spray, the right water spray, and the rear water control knob point to the open position Set the pump control button to the open position The car moves at the right speed and begins to sweep Cleaning the end The car stopped running Control the pump control button, left spray control button, right water control button, and rear water jet control knob point to close position 3 will sweep the control button to the middle position 4 move the dial to the position of the liter and then point to the middle position Point the dust box to the top and point to the middle position Point the clutch to the position of the point, and then point to the middle position 7 control the control key point to the middle position Close the secondary engine Turn off the power of the control box Waste discharged Open the control box and point the control knob to the main valve position 2 start the main engine of the vehicle Step 3 on the clutch Turn on the oil pump clutch switch. Release the clutch at the appropriate speed 6 position the back door control knob on the control box to point to the open position, and then point to the middle position in 5 seconds The control button is pointed at the Angle of the carriage, and the control key points to the middle position at any time 8 garbage cleaning When the garbage is cleared, the control button is pointed to the lower position, and the control button points to the middle position after the carriage return Set the back door to the center of the lock, and then point to the middle position 10 seconds later Clean up the garbage Step on the clutch 13 attach the additional pump clutch control button (inward push) Release the clutch at the appropriate speed The control valve of the control box points to the middle position Turn off the control box Best environment for the type of scavenging car Wet sweeping road, highway, road surface area No brush dry sweep road, highway, north cold outdoor work There is a brush dry sweeping car, which is not normal, and it is the same as wet . 道路清掃車(chē)是集路面清掃、垃圾回收和運(yùn)輸為一體的新型高效清掃設(shè)備。簡(jiǎn)單的說(shuō)就是在專(zhuān)用汽車(chē)底盤(pán)上改裝道路清掃功能的掃地車(chē)型，車(chē)輛除底盤(pán)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)外，另外加裝一個(gè)副發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，四把掃刷由液壓馬達(dá)帶動(dòng)工作，帶風(fēng)機(jī)、垃圾箱、水箱等多種配套設(shè)備。這種全新的車(chē)型可一次完成地面清掃、馬路道牙邊清掃、馬路道牙清洗及清掃后對(duì)地面的灑水等工作,適用于各種氣候和不同干燥路面的清掃作業(yè)。 清掃車(chē)類(lèi)型 一般以行走方式、作業(yè)方式或除塵方式來(lái)進(jìn)行分類(lèi)，通常多以作業(yè)方式分類(lèi) 1、手推式清掃車(chē)和手扶式清掃車(chē) 2、自行式清掃車(chē) 3、純掃式清掃車(chē) 4、吸掃式清掃車(chē) 5、純吸式清掃車(chē)（多功能全吸式掃路車(chē)） 6、干式清掃車(chē)（吸塵車(chē)） 7、濕式清掃車(chē) 8、全吸式清掃車(chē) 干式清掃車(chē)介紹 干式清掃車(chē)就是一種新型道路清掃車(chē)，不用刷子不噴水，全部氣流作業(yè),靠的是空氣動(dòng)力學(xué)原理, 經(jīng)專(zhuān)家鑒定國(guó)內(nèi)領(lǐng)先技術(shù)，且擁有獨(dú)立的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)，洛陽(yáng)馳風(fēng)車(chē)業(yè)有限公司自行開(kāi)發(fā)、研制、生產(chǎn)的路潔牌系列吸塵車(chē)全部用氣流，不用刷子、不噴水，沒(méi)有一次揚(yáng)塵、沒(méi)有二次揚(yáng)塵，路潔吸塵車(chē)的廣泛使用將大大減少空氣中可吸入顆粒物的含量，徹底解決了粉塵污染嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題，是一種環(huán)保、節(jié)能的現(xiàn)代化新型環(huán)衛(wèi)產(chǎn)品，這種產(chǎn)品的環(huán)保技術(shù)指標(biāo)高于國(guó)家行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。 純吸式清掃車(chē) 純吸式道路清掃車(chē)是一種“無(wú)二次揚(yáng)塵污染、功能上優(yōu)于傳統(tǒng)掃路車(chē)”的全新高科技產(chǎn)品！ 該車(chē)采用負(fù)壓純吸的原理，由吸塵系統(tǒng)、一次集塵箱、二次集塵箱、粉塵回收系統(tǒng)、液壓系統(tǒng)、今盛除塵濾筒、電控系統(tǒng)及行走系統(tǒng)等組成，具有吸塵范圍廣、吸凈率高、吸口無(wú)二次揚(yáng)塵、出風(fēng)口無(wú)粉塵排放、工作效率高等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，是環(huán)衛(wèi)清潔及物料回收的優(yōu)選產(chǎn)品。適用于于易產(chǎn)生揚(yáng)塵污染的多粉塵、高濃度和大密度的工礦企業(yè)；城市高架、快速道路及橋隧的快速清掃保潔；城市主干道、高等級(jí)公路及高速公路的清掃保潔。 干式清掃車(chē)介紹 干式清掃車(chē)就是一種新型道路清掃車(chē)，不用刷子不噴水，全部氣流作業(yè),靠的是空氣動(dòng)力學(xué)原理, 經(jīng)專(zhuān)家鑒定國(guó)內(nèi)領(lǐng)先技術(shù)，且擁有獨(dú)立的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)，洛陽(yáng)馳風(fēng)車(chē)業(yè)有限公司自行開(kāi)發(fā)、研制、生產(chǎn)的路潔牌系列吸塵車(chē)全部用氣流，不用刷子、不噴水，沒(méi)有一次揚(yáng)塵、沒(méi)有二次揚(yáng)塵，路潔吸塵車(chē)的廣泛使用將大大減少空氣中可吸入顆粒物的含量，徹底解決了粉塵污染嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題，是一種環(huán)保、節(jié)能的現(xiàn)代化新型環(huán)衛(wèi)產(chǎn)品，這種產(chǎn)品的環(huán)保技術(shù)指標(biāo)高于國(guó)家行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。 多功能全吸式清掃車(chē) 多功能全吸式掃路車(chē)是采用專(zhuān)利技術(shù)研制的新產(chǎn)品，它改變了以往清掃車(chē)用盤(pán)刷滾動(dòng)刷掃的傳統(tǒng)方式，而全部采用氣流來(lái)完成作業(yè)，利用氣流運(yùn)動(dòng)方式將粉塵和垃圾收集儲(chǔ)存起來(lái)，因此效率很高。本產(chǎn)品可有效減少粉塵污染，提高空氣質(zhì)量，降低空氣中可吸入顆粒物的含量，改善人們的生活環(huán)境。 為何需要使用掃路車(chē) 一、傳統(tǒng)的回答：掃路車(chē)用來(lái)掃地，洗地車(chē)用來(lái)清洗并擦干各種地面。 二、專(zhuān)業(yè)的回答：掃路車(chē)不僅能夠解決困難還能夠?yàn)槭褂谜攉@得更多的利潤(rùn)。 三、掃路車(chē)能夠解決以下問(wèn)題： 1、人們生活在滿是灰塵的環(huán)境中的健康問(wèn)題； 2、國(guó)家法律或地方法規(guī)要求的環(huán)境指標(biāo)； 3、由于灰塵或垃圾而造成路面過(guò)早過(guò)度的破損問(wèn)題； 4、生產(chǎn)車(chē)間的產(chǎn)品被灰塵污染的問(wèn)題； 5、生產(chǎn)車(chē)間內(nèi)固定或移動(dòng)的機(jī)器被灰塵污染的問(wèn)題； 四、能夠帶來(lái)更大的利潤(rùn)（或節(jié)約開(kāi)支）： 1、掃路車(chē)的掃地吸塵系統(tǒng)相當(dāng)于6-40倍的人工； 2、減少灰塵對(duì)環(huán)境污染的程度（節(jié)約時(shí)間和財(cái)力，減少人工對(duì)產(chǎn)品外表的清潔， 對(duì)機(jī)械設(shè)備的清潔保養(yǎng)以及周期性的環(huán)境衛(wèi)生工作等） 3、提高工作效率，同時(shí)提高操作者的工作積極性； 4、一個(gè)良好整潔的環(huán)境不僅提高城市形象，而且更有利于城市文化的建設(shè)及市民工作的積極性。 五、掃路車(chē)機(jī)械與人工的比較 1、工作效率，同樣的作業(yè)面積時(shí)間上大大縮短； 2、清潔成本，可以肯定的是機(jī)械單位面積的清潔成本比人工還要低； 3、清潔效果，機(jī)械可以避免清潔劑使用不平均，清潔效果不統(tǒng)一的問(wèn)題； 4、安全性能，讓清潔工人身處安全環(huán)境（馬路上的車(chē)輛太多，自身的安全意識(shí)不強(qiáng)） 5、經(jīng)濟(jì)回報(bào)，以一輛車(chē)為例，它停止使用的那天共花費(fèi)了多少錢(qián)，才是它真正的價(jià)錢(qián)。除了投資成本外，還有運(yùn)營(yíng)成本和人力消費(fèi)成本。 我國(guó)掃路車(chē)行業(yè)歷經(jīng)數(shù)十年的發(fā)展，產(chǎn)品從單一的純掃式發(fā)展到目前的多種型式，產(chǎn)品性能和產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量迅速提高，特別是在改革開(kāi)放以后，通過(guò)進(jìn)口關(guān)鍵外購(gòu)件使掃路車(chē)產(chǎn)品性能和可靠性大大提高。但目前我國(guó)掃路車(chē)的水平與國(guó)外發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家相比，還存在一定的差距，特別是在產(chǎn)品的可靠性方面。為盡快提高我國(guó)掃路車(chē)的水平，縮小與先進(jìn)國(guó)家掃路車(chē)水平的差距，滿足我國(guó)環(huán)衛(wèi)部門(mén)對(duì)路面清掃作業(yè)的要求，掃路車(chē)生產(chǎn)企業(yè)應(yīng)選擇一個(gè)合適的掃路車(chē)研究方向。隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展、進(jìn)步，不再滿足于單純意義上的吸塵車(chē)，將從多功能、環(huán)保、經(jīng)濟(jì)等方面提出更多的要求，市場(chǎng)呼喚能滿足各種需求的吸塵車(chē)。就是在上述情況下，由中國(guó)建筑二局洛陽(yáng)建筑工程機(jī)械廠與洛陽(yáng)馳風(fēng)車(chē)業(yè)有限公司聯(lián)合研制的具有自主知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)全新的多功能全吸式掃路車(chē)目前已正式投放市場(chǎng)。這種全新的車(chē)型可一次完成地面清掃、馬路道牙邊清掃、馬路道牙清洗及清掃后對(duì)地面的灑水等工作，適用于各種氣候和不同干燥路面的清掃作業(yè)，更適合于廣場(chǎng)、公路、住宅小區(qū)、停車(chē)場(chǎng)、碼頭、機(jī)場(chǎng)、車(chē)站、水泥廠、電廠等場(chǎng)所的清潔除塵。 1，為避免操作失誤，掃路車(chē)控制閥主要區(qū)分為主閥門(mén)和副閥門(mén)。那么這兩種閥門(mén)主要的區(qū)別又在哪里呢，主閥門(mén)的動(dòng)力來(lái)自掃路車(chē)底盤(pán)，副閥門(mén)的動(dòng)力來(lái)自專(zhuān)用功能部分的副發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)。常見(jiàn)的掃路車(chē)副發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)有朝柴、江鈴、康明斯。主閥門(mén)管理底盤(pán)后面的外殼車(chē)廂傾斜和車(chē)廂后門(mén)的液壓開(kāi)關(guān)，副閥門(mén)管理掃路車(chē)的四把地刷（可單獨(dú)控制一面或全部工作）和吸盤(pán)的工作。 2，掃路車(chē)的副發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)因?yàn)檫x用發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)品牌不同功率不同，不過(guò)一般的的轉(zhuǎn)速在1500轉(zhuǎn)-1800轉(zhuǎn)左右 3，根據(jù)工作需要一般可以選擇是否需要帶噴水降塵功能，常規(guī)配置一般自帶后噴水，同時(shí)需注意清水箱水量是否夠用，一般清水箱容積不同，工作時(shí)間可能有差距。 4，道路清掃車(chē)電磁多路閥壓力調(diào)節(jié)一般在溢流閥上，用戶可以適當(dāng)調(diào)節(jié)壓力來(lái)改變掃地刷的轉(zhuǎn)速。 5，另外掃地車(chē)可根據(jù)路面情況選擇車(chē)輛左邊地刷和右邊地刷是否同時(shí)工作，如掃路邊角落則只用開(kāi)啟靠角的一邊地刷轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)工作 6，掃路車(chē)的垃圾箱可能有細(xì)小的灰塵沉積，清理垃圾箱時(shí)需要人工手動(dòng)處理。 7，掃路車(chē)吸盤(pán)離地面的距離應(yīng)根據(jù)路段情況經(jīng)常調(diào)整。 8，掃路車(chē)吸塵管可能經(jīng)常有塵土泥巴粘附，需經(jīng)常清理到達(dá)更好效果。 9，控制箱內(nèi)的電器部分為了使用更穩(wěn)定需要更換時(shí)最好是拆一件換一件。 10，環(huán)衛(wèi)工人應(yīng)該經(jīng)常定期檢查各功能部位是否正常 11，為了避免液壓油中的異物會(huì)對(duì)電磁控制閥的正常工作造成影響，環(huán)衛(wèi)工人應(yīng)定期檢查液壓油是否正常。 12，經(jīng)常檢查車(chē)輛副發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的離合器電動(dòng)推桿的限位裝置是否正常。 13，掃地車(chē)控制鈕轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)，時(shí)間間隔應(yīng)為5秒 14，當(dāng)?shù)缆非鍜哕?chē)的某液壓件工作不正常時(shí)，按步驟先檢查油路再檢查電路。 （1）電路部分不正?？赡艿脑蛴校?保險(xiǎn)斷開(kāi)、 線路連接松動(dòng)脫落、 線路斷裂 （2）油路部分不正?？赡艿脑蛴校?油泵的故障、油管破裂或油路連接處脫落漏油、電磁閥故障。 清掃工作 1 打開(kāi)控制箱電源，將控制閥指向副閥位置 2 啟動(dòng)副機(jī) 3 將副機(jī)離合器控制按鈕指向合的位置，風(fēng)機(jī)開(kāi)始工作 4 將吸塵盒控制鈕指向降的位置 5 將左掃盤(pán)或右掃盤(pán)控制鈕指向降的位置 6 將左掃旋轉(zhuǎn)或右掃旋轉(zhuǎn)控制鈕指向正轉(zhuǎn)位置（左盤(pán)順時(shí)針、右盤(pán)逆時(shí)針） 7將左噴水、右噴水、后噴水控制鈕指向開(kāi)的位置 8 將水泵控制鈕指向開(kāi)的位置 9 車(chē)輛以適當(dāng)?shù)乃俣刃旭?，開(kāi)始清掃動(dòng)作 清掃結(jié)束 指 導(dǎo) 教 師 評(píng) 語(yǔ) 外文翻譯成績(jī)： 指導(dǎo)教師簽字： 年 月 日 注：1. 指導(dǎo)教師對(duì)譯文進(jìn)行評(píng)閱時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下幾個(gè)方面：①翻譯的外文文獻(xiàn)與畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）的主題是否高度相關(guān)，并作為外文參考文獻(xiàn)列入畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）的參考文獻(xiàn)；②翻譯的外文文獻(xiàn)字?jǐn)?shù)是否達(dá)到規(guī)定數(shù)量（3 000字以上）；③譯文語(yǔ)言是否準(zhǔn)確、通順、具有參考價(jià)值。 2. 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