《中考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí) 第二輪 語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)聚焦 第35講 主謂一致課件》由會(huì)員分享,可在線(xiàn)閱讀,更多相關(guān)《中考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí) 第二輪 語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)聚焦 第35講 主謂一致課件(18頁(yè)珍藏版)》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。
1、第35講主謂一致,中考對(duì)主謂一致的考查主要包括以下三點(diǎn): 1學(xué)科名詞作主語(yǔ);表示時(shí)間、長(zhǎng)度、價(jià)格、質(zhì)量等短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ);“the姓氏名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語(yǔ);一些以s結(jié)尾的不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ),如news,maths;“不定代詞名詞”作主語(yǔ),如both of,neither等。 2主語(yǔ)后帶有with,except,like,as well as等介詞短語(yǔ)。 3就近原則,如there be句型,either...or...,neither...nor...,not only...but also...等。 主謂一致是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上保持一致。因此,找出句子的真正主語(yǔ)是關(guān)鍵。同時(shí),要遵循三個(gè)原則:語(yǔ)法
2、一致、意義一致和就近原則。,高頻考向一語(yǔ)法一致原則,語(yǔ)法一致即主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)形式時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就用單數(shù)形式;主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)形式時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 當(dāng)and連接兩個(gè)或多個(gè)名詞,或both...and...連接兩個(gè)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如: Tom and Mike are good friends.湯姆和邁克是好朋友。 Both Lucy and Lily are students.露西和莉莉都是學(xué)生。 不定代詞either,neither,anybody,anyone,anything,someone,somebody,something,everyone,everybody,eve
3、rything,nobody,no one,nothing等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如: Is there anything wrong with your bike?你的自行車(chē)有什么毛病嗎? Everyone is ready for the sports meeting.大家都在為運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)做準(zhǔn)備。,高頻考向一語(yǔ)法一致原則,由each,each...and each...,every...and every...,every...作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如: Each boy and each girl was given a new book.每一個(gè)男孩和每一個(gè)女孩都被給了一本新
4、書(shū)。 主語(yǔ)后有with,along with,together with,as well as,no less than,more than,including,besides,like,except,but等詞或短語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式由主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定。如: Mr.Green with his wife and two daughters is coming to Beijing.格林先生將和他的妻子及兩個(gè)女兒一塊兒來(lái)北京。 “a number of名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;“the number of名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如: A number o
5、f trees are cut down.許多樹(shù)木被砍倒了。 The number of students in our class is 32.我們班學(xué)生人數(shù)為32。,高頻考向一語(yǔ)法一致原則,“a lot of(lots of,plenty of,a pile of,piles of,most of)名詞”和“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)名詞”等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于名詞,如果是不可數(shù)名詞,則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;如果是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如: Lots of people have been there.很多人去過(guò)那兒。 由“a pair(a kind,a series...)
6、of復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;“pairs(kinds...)of復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如: A pair of sunglasses is lying on the table.一副太陽(yáng)鏡放在桌子上。 Fifteen pairs of shoes are made each day.每天能制作十五雙鞋。,高頻考向一語(yǔ)法一致原則,某些只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞(如clothes,trousers,shorts,pants,shoes,gloves...)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂詞動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如: My shoes were worn out.我的鞋子穿壞了。 不定式或動(dòng)名詞作主
7、語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如: Reading is learning.讀書(shū)就是學(xué)習(xí)。,高頻考向一語(yǔ)法一致原則,【例1】 We make it a rule that each of us ________ the bedroom one day a week. Ahas cleaned Bhave cleaned Ccleans Dclean 解析:“each每一個(gè)”強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體,故用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù); “one day a week 一周一天”則表明指頻度,應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 答案:____ 【例2】 ________ that pair of ________ a little cheaper?
8、AIs;glass BAre;glass CIs;glasses DAre;glasses 解析:a pair of后應(yīng)接復(fù)數(shù)名詞,其作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。 答案:____,C,C,高頻考向一語(yǔ)法一致原則,【例3】 A woman with a young boy ________ getting into Uncles car.(2016,威海) Ais Bare Chas 解析:由空格后的getting可知其前應(yīng)為be動(dòng)詞,構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu);句中的主語(yǔ)是“a woman”,單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ),后面跟with,together with等時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 答案:____
9、,A,高頻考向一語(yǔ)法一致原則,【例4】 Everybody except Mike and Linda ________ there when the meeting began.(2015,泰安) Ais Bare Cwas Dwere 解析:我們可用“語(yǔ)法分析法”和“排除法”解答本題。句意:會(huì)議開(kāi)始時(shí),除了邁克和琳達(dá),每個(gè)人都到了。主語(yǔ)中含有except時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與except之間的名詞或代詞的數(shù)保持一致,此句中except之前的主語(yǔ)為everybody,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式,排除B、D兩項(xiàng)。此句含when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,根據(jù)從句中的關(guān)鍵詞began判斷空格處應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài),
10、排除A項(xiàng)。 答案:____,C,高頻考向二意義一致原則,意義一致又叫概念一致,即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式還是復(fù)數(shù)形式要看主語(yǔ)所表達(dá)的概念。 由and連接的兩個(gè)名詞,如果是指同一概念(即and后面無(wú)冠詞),則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如: The teacher and writer is coming to give us a report next week.那位老師兼作家下周要來(lái)給我們作報(bào)告。 The singer and dancer has been invited to the party.那位歌唱家兼舞蹈家被邀請(qǐng)參加了聚會(huì)。 表示金錢(qián)、價(jià)格、時(shí)間、長(zhǎng)度等復(fù)數(shù)名詞及詞組作主語(yǔ)時(shí),一般被看做一個(gè)整
11、體,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式。如: Three years is a long time.三年是一段很長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間。,高頻考向二意義一致原則,集體名詞(如family,team,crowd,company,class,group,government...)如果表示整體概念,則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;如果表示集體中的成員,則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如: My family is a small one with three people.我家是一個(gè)有三口人的小家庭。 people,police,cattle等集合名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如: The police are helping a girl
12、 find her mother.警察正在幫助一個(gè)女孩找媽媽。 算式中,表示加法和乘法時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)形式,也可用復(fù)數(shù)形式,但表示減法和除法時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須用單數(shù)形式。如: What is/are three times three?3乘以3是多少?,高頻考向二意義一致原則,【例5】 The twins ________ fond of the new idea in the magazine article.(2016,上海) Abe Bam Cis Dare 解析:此處考查主謂一致。句意為:這個(gè)雙胞胎很喜歡這份藝術(shù)雜志上的新點(diǎn)子。主語(yǔ)為the twins,表示雙胞胎,是兩個(gè)人,為復(fù)數(shù),因此
13、謂語(yǔ)的系動(dòng)詞為are。 答案:____,D,高頻考向三就近原則,有時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式與最靠近它的名詞保持一致,這種原則叫做就近原則,又叫做鄰近原則。 由either...or...,neither...nor...,not only...but(also)..,not...but...或or連接兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與較近的主語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上保持一致。如: Not only my parents but also I am looking forward to meeting my uncle.不但我父母而且我也盼望看到我叔叔。 Not only Jim but also his parents
14、 want to live in China.不僅吉姆而且他的父母也想居住在中國(guó)。 He or you have taken my pen.他或你拿了我的鋼筆。,高頻考向三就近原則,有時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式與最靠近它的名詞保持一致,這種原則叫做就近原則,又叫做鄰近原則。 由either...or...,neither...nor...,not only...but(also)..,not...but...或or連接兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與較近的主語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上保持一致。如: Not only my parents but also I am looking forward to meeting m
15、y uncle.不但我父母而且我也盼望看到我叔叔。 Not only Jim but also his parents want to live in China.不僅吉姆而且他的父母也想居住在中國(guó)。 He or you have taken my pen.他或你拿了我的鋼筆。 There be...和Here be...這兩個(gè)句式中的be動(dòng)詞常與最近的主語(yǔ)在數(shù)上保持一致。如: There is an apple and two bananas on the table.桌子上有一個(gè)蘋(píng)果和兩根香蕉。,高頻考向三就近原則,【例6】 There ________ a number of books
16、 in the library and the number of them ________ increasing.(2016,煙臺(tái)) Ahas;is Bhave;are Care;is Dis;are 解析:由第一個(gè)空前的單詞there可知,前一分句為there be句型,a number of books表示“很多書(shū)”,在there be句型中,be動(dòng)詞要與后面的名詞在數(shù)上保持一致,所以第一空用are;后一分句the number of them表示“它們的數(shù)量”,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。 答案:____,C,高頻考向三就近原則,【例7】 ________ Jane ________ Pe
17、ter is warmhearted.Theyre popular with our class.(2016,泉州) ABoth,and BNot only,but also CNeither,nor 解析:句意:不但珍尼,而且彼得熱心。他們都受我們班的歡迎。A.Bothand...和都,作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù);B.Not onlybut also...不但而且,作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)與靠近的詞一致;C.Neithernor...既不也不,作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)與靠近的詞一致。由后句的popular可知兩人都熱心,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是is,單數(shù),故應(yīng)用not only,but also。 答案:____,B,高頻考向三就近原則,【例8】 There ________ some flowers on the teachers desk just now,but now there ________ nothing on it. Ahave;has Bwere;has Cwere;is Dhas;has 解析:第一空應(yīng)根據(jù)some flowers來(lái)確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù),just now表明是過(guò)去時(shí);第二空根據(jù)nothing來(lái)判斷謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù),now表明一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 答案:____,C,