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1、Unit 4 I used to be afraid of the dark.,used to的用法,(一)used to的用法 used to表示“過(guò)去常常;以前常?！?指過(guò)去常常做某事,而現(xiàn)在不這樣做了。used to無(wú)人稱和數(shù)的變化,to后接動(dòng)詞原形。,1.肯定句的句式結(jié)構(gòu): 主語(yǔ)+used to+do I used to get up at six.我過(guò)去常在6點(diǎn)起床。 It used to be a quiet village.它過(guò)去是一個(gè)安靜的村莊。,2.否定句的句式結(jié)構(gòu): 主語(yǔ)+usednt/used not/didnt use to+do He usednt to study

2、hard. =He used not to study hard. =He didnt use to study hard.他過(guò)去學(xué)習(xí)不努力。,3.一般疑問(wèn)句及其答語(yǔ)的句式結(jié)構(gòu): (1)Used+主語(yǔ)+to do? Yes,主語(yǔ)+used to./No,主語(yǔ)+usednt to. (2)Did+主語(yǔ)+use+to do? Yes,主語(yǔ)+did./No,主語(yǔ)+didnt. Used he to go to school on foot? =Did he use to go to school on foot?他過(guò)去常常步行去上學(xué)嗎?,4.反意疑問(wèn)句的句式結(jié)構(gòu): (1)肯定句+didnt /use

3、dnt +主語(yǔ) He used to be very rich,didnt/usednt he?他過(guò)去非常富有,是不是? (2)否定句+did/used+主語(yǔ) He didnt use to smoke,did he? =He usednt to smoke,used he?他過(guò)去不常吸煙,是嗎?,(二)used to和be/get used to的區(qū)別 used to表示過(guò)去常常做某事或過(guò)去存在的狀態(tài),to后接動(dòng)詞原形;而be/get used to則表示“習(xí)慣于某事”,to為介詞,后面接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞。 I used to hate animals,but now I am/get u

4、sed to looking after them. 我過(guò)去討厭動(dòng)物,但現(xiàn)在我習(xí)慣了照顧它們。,be used to do意為“被用來(lái)做”,此結(jié)構(gòu)是被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu),to為不定式符號(hào)。 A pen is used to write.鋼筆被用來(lái)寫字。,針對(duì)性訓(xùn)練,.單項(xiàng)填空 1.(2015黔西南中考) Maria watch TV,but now she listening to music. A.used to,is used to B.is used to,used to C.used to,used to D.is used to,is used to,,提示:考查短語(yǔ)辨析。used to過(guò)去

5、常常,后接動(dòng)詞 原形;be used to 習(xí)慣于,后接v.-ing形式。句意為 “Maria過(guò)去常?？措娨?但現(xiàn)在她習(xí)慣聽音樂(lè)了” ,故選A。,針對(duì)性訓(xùn)練,.單項(xiàng)填空 2.(2015綏化中考) The old lady used to in the park. A.dance B.dancing C.danced,,提示:考查固定用法。句意為“這位老太太過(guò)去常在公 園跳舞”。used to do意為“過(guò)去常常做”,故選A。,針對(duì)性訓(xùn)練,.單項(xiàng)填空 3.(2015云南中考) Mary used to in the countryside,but now she is used toin the

6、 city. A.live,live B.live,living C.living,live D.living,living,,提示:考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。used to do sth.過(guò)去常 常做某事;be used to doing sth.習(xí)慣于做某事, 故 選B。,針對(duì)性訓(xùn)練,.單項(xiàng)填空 4.(吉林中考) I havent seen you for a long time,Maria.You look different now. Yes,I used short hair. A.to have B.to having C.for having,,提示:考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法。used后接

7、動(dòng)詞 不定式,意為“過(guò)去常常做某事”，故選A。,針對(duì)性訓(xùn)練,.單項(xiàng)填空 5.(青海中考)I used to the bus,but now I am used to walking. A.take B.taking C.took,,提示:used to后接動(dòng)詞原形,表示“過(guò)去常常做某事”，故選A。,針對(duì)性訓(xùn)練,.單項(xiàng)填空 6.(山西中考)Young people today posting wonderful articles and beautiful photos onto the micromessage(微信)to share with friends. A.are afraid

8、ofB.are used toC.are worried about,,提示:be used to doing sth.習(xí)慣于做某事，故選B。,針對(duì)性訓(xùn)練,.單項(xiàng)填空 7.The young man used to to work,but he is used to to work now. A.drive,walking B.drove,walked C.drive,walks D.driving,walk,,提示:句意為“這個(gè)年輕人過(guò)去常開車上班,但現(xiàn)在 習(xí)慣于走著去”，故選A。,針對(duì)性訓(xùn)練,.單項(xiàng)填空 8.I used to to rock music,but now I colle

9、ct coins. A.listeningB.listenC.listensD.listened,,提示:句意為“我過(guò)去常聽搖滾樂(lè),但現(xiàn)在收藏錢幣”，故選B。,針對(duì)性訓(xùn)練,.單項(xiàng)填空 9.How is your grandma? Shes fine.She used to TV at home after supper.But now she is used to out for a walk. A.watch,go B.watching,goC.watching,goingD.watch,going,,提示:最后兩句句意為“她以前晚飯后常在家看電視。 但現(xiàn)在她習(xí)慣出去散步”，故選D。

10、,針對(duì)性訓(xùn)練,.單項(xiàng)填空 10.You didnt use to go to school on foot,did you? .I used to ride a bike. A.Yes,I did B.No,I didnt C.Yes,I didnt D.No,I did,,提示:由答語(yǔ)I used to ride a bike.可知,過(guò)去不是“常常 步行去上學(xué)”,故用否定形式，故選B。,推理判斷題解題技巧,My grandfather is an eighty-year-old man.He always complains about how fast things hav

11、e changed,and he often says that life used to be better. Families arent families the way they used to be.A lot of families have broken down.If husband and wife have problems with their marriage,they no longer stay together.And mothers used to stay at home and take care of their children,but now not

12、anymore.Everyones working.No one has time to look after children at home.,And the cars! No one walks anymoreeveryone drives.We used to walk five miles to school every day,even in winter.But now we dont.And in school,the children dont have to think anymore.In math class,for example,we used to add,sub

13、tract,multiply and divide in our heads.Kids dont use their heads anymore,instead,they use calculators. Most families have computers now.In the past we didnt have computers.We didnt,even have lights.My mother used to spend all day cooking in the kitchen.But now nobody eats home-cooked food anymore. A

14、nd the young people dont talk to each other anymore now.They are too busy to talk,too busy to eat,too busy to think.Life used to be simple,but it isnt anymore. 【詞匯積累】marriage婚姻add,subtract,multiply and divide加、減、乘、除calculator計(jì)算器,1.We can conclude (推斷) from the passage that . A.there arent lights a

15、t home B.people like to eat home-cooked food C.life is difficult and fast for a lot of young people now D.they think the life is the same as it used to be,,提示:推理判斷題。通過(guò)最后一段中“They are too busy to talk,too busy to eat,too busy to think.Life used to be simple,but it isnt anymore.”可以推斷現(xiàn)在年輕人生活節(jié)奏快了,生活變得艱難了

16、,復(fù)雜了,故選C。,2.Which is RIGHT according to the passage? A.People have too much time to talk with each other now. B.Some families have become single-parent families. C.Life now is very simple. D.Lots of mothers stay at home and look after their children.,,提示:推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“A lot of families have broken

17、down.”推斷可知,一些家庭 成了單親家庭,故選B。,技巧借鑒,推理判斷題命題特點(diǎn): 所謂推斷,就是根據(jù)閱讀材料中所提供的信息,推斷出未知的信息,即把有關(guān)的文字作為已知部分,從中推斷出未知部分。推理是閱讀理解考試中常用的技巧之一。它要求考生在通篇理解文章的前提下,通過(guò)語(yǔ)篇邏輯關(guān)系,研究細(xì)節(jié)的暗示,推敲作者的態(tài)度、理解文章的寓意。它必須忠實(shí)于原文,要以文章提供的事實(shí)和線索為依據(jù),立足已知推斷未知,不能憑空想像、隨意揣測(cè);它要求讀者對(duì)文字的表面信息進(jìn)行分析、挖掘和邏輯推理,不能就事論事、以偏概全。只有吃透文章的字面意思,推理才有前提和基礎(chǔ)。,技巧借鑒,推理判斷題常見的提問(wèn)方式有: We ca

18、n conclude from the passage that. It can be inferred from the passage that. The writer suggests that. What is the real meaning of the words? The purpose in writing this text is to . From the passage we can conclude (作出結(jié)論)that . Which is RIGHT according to the passage?,技巧借鑒,做推理判斷題的方法: 1.事實(shí)推斷。這種推斷常常針對(duì)

19、某一個(gè)或幾個(gè)具體細(xì)節(jié),是比較簡(jiǎn)單的推斷。進(jìn)行這種推斷,要首先在文章中找出據(jù)以推斷的有關(guān)文字,然后加以分析,尤其要悟出字里行間的意思。 2.指代推斷。確定代詞的含義和指代對(duì)象是閱讀理解題常見的題目。要確定指代詞所指代的對(duì)象,關(guān)鍵在于對(duì)所在上下文的正確理解。指代名詞的指代詞,其單復(fù)數(shù)形式應(yīng)與被指代的詞一致,因此數(shù)的形式可作為識(shí)別指代對(duì)象第一個(gè)輔助標(biāo)志。,技巧借鑒,做推理判斷題的方法: 3.推斷隱含意義。有時(shí)作者在文章中沒有將某一個(gè)問(wèn)題直接陳述出來(lái),而是暗含其中。解題時(shí),要求考生仔細(xì)閱讀,忠實(shí)原文,吃透意思,在文章中找到問(wèn)題涉及的有關(guān)信息、關(guān)鍵詞,以文章提供的事實(shí)和線索為依據(jù),透過(guò)表面的文字,通過(guò)分

20、析、思考做出合乎情理的推斷。 4.推斷作者觀點(diǎn)。要求考生就作者對(duì)論述對(duì)象持什么樣的態(tài)度做出推斷,如:作者對(duì)所陳述的觀點(diǎn)是贊同、反對(duì),還是猶豫不定,對(duì)記述或描寫的人、物或事件是贊頌、同情、冷漠,還是厭惡。作者的這種思想傾向和感情色彩不一定直接表達(dá)出來(lái),而往往隱含在字里行間。因此,進(jìn)行這種推斷時(shí),我們既要依靠短文的主題思想作為推理的前提,又要注意作者的措辭,尤其是形容詞一類的修飾語(yǔ)。,技巧借鑒,做推理判斷題的方法: 5.推斷文章出處。根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容或結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)判斷其出處。 報(bào)紙:前面會(huì)出現(xiàn)日期、地點(diǎn)或通訊社名稱; 廣告:格式特殊,容易判斷; 產(chǎn)品說(shuō)明:器皿、設(shè)備的使用說(shuō)明會(huì)有產(chǎn)品名稱或操作方式,而藥品

21、的服用說(shuō)明會(huì)告知服用的時(shí)間、次數(shù)、用量等。,：關(guān)于人物的變化,初中的學(xué)習(xí)生活即將結(jié)束了。請(qǐng)你以“How I Change”為題,寫一篇短文,描述你這三年里前后 的變化。寫作要點(diǎn)包括外貌、興趣愛好、行為習(xí)慣 等方面。 寫作要求: 1.詞數(shù):80左右(開頭已經(jīng)給出,不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)); 2.短文中不能出現(xiàn)校名和人名,否則不得分; 3.所給的寫作要點(diǎn)都必須用上,緊扣主題,適當(dāng)發(fā)揮。,：關(guān)于人物的變化,【思路點(diǎn)撥】 開篇點(diǎn)題My life has changed a lot 闡述過(guò)去I was fat and short 說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在Now I like,：關(guān)于人物的變化,【重點(diǎn)詞匯】寫出下列短語(yǔ) 1.在那時(shí)

22、 2.對(duì)感興趣 3.擔(dān)心;憂慮 4.又高又壯 5.保持健康 6.對(duì)滿意,keep healthy,tall and strong,be worried about,be interested in,at that time,be pleased with,【重點(diǎn)句型】根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)意思完成下列句子 1.當(dāng)我上中學(xué)時(shí),我又胖又矮。 I was when I came to the middle school. 2.我的父母擔(dān)心我。 My parents me. 3.好的習(xí)慣幫助我學(xué)習(xí)更好,保持身體更加健康。 Good habits help me to and . 4.我的父母和老師都對(duì)我很滿意

23、。 My parents and my teachers are both me.,fat and short,were worried about,study better,keep healthier,pleased with,【單元參考句型】 I used to be I used to like Now I like,How I Change My life has changed a lot in the past three years.I was fat and short when I came to the middle school.At that time,I was i

24、nterested in computer games and I spent most of time on it.My parents were worried about me. Now,I like sports and I often play basketball with my classmates after school.So I become taller and stronger than before.I like reading,too.I usually go to the library to read some interesting books.Good ha

25、bits help me to study better and keep healthier.My parents and my teachers are both pleased with me.,范文,名師點(diǎn)評(píng) 文章符合題目要求,從外貌、興趣愛好和行為習(xí)慣等方面闡述了自己在三年中所發(fā)生的變化。文章層次清晰,布局合理。第一段著重介紹了三年前的情況,第二段重點(diǎn)說(shuō)明了現(xiàn)在的狀況,另外文章有適當(dāng)?shù)淖h論和抒情部分,如從父母非常擔(dān)心我到現(xiàn)在的父母和老師都對(duì)我很滿意體現(xiàn)了我的變化帶給他們的感受。,本篇書面表達(dá)是給出寫作要求的命題作文,具有一定的開放性,題目是How I Change,寫作內(nèi)容包括外

26、貌、興趣愛好和行為習(xí)慣等方面的變化。在寫作時(shí),首先,應(yīng)該注意包含“外貌、興趣愛好和行為習(xí)慣等”要點(diǎn);其次,準(zhǔn)確判斷所使用的時(shí)態(tài),表示“過(guò)去的情況”使用一般過(guò)去時(shí),表示“現(xiàn)在的情況”使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);最后,連接詞的使用可以使行文連貫、自然流暢,短語(yǔ)和復(fù)合句式的大量使用可以使文章變得栩栩如生。,寫作指導(dǎo),根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答下列問(wèn)題 (2015 郴州中考)On September 19,Alibaba went public(上市) on the New York Shock Exchange.It shows that Ma Yun has done his business successfully

27、.A short Chinese man seems to be the tallest man in the world right now.Ma used to be an English teacher.So far,he has become the richest man on the Chinese mainland. Ma was born in Hangzhou and grew up as a happy kid.At the age of twelve,he found that English was very interesting.Every morning he g

28、ot up at 5 a.m.,and then ran to a hotel near the West Lake,根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答下列問(wèn)題 where he could communicate with foreign tourists in English.He did it for nine years.The experience made him become a fantastic English speaker and also opened his eyes to the wide world.In a 1995 trip to the US,Ma was shown to

29、the Internet for the first time.Seeing the chance,Ma returned to China and set up a website without knowing much about computers.Four years later,Ma set up Alibaba in Hangzhou.People called him “Crazy Jack Ma”.But fifteen years later,Alibaba has developed into the worlds largest e-commerce (電子商務(wù)) co

30、mpany.,【詞匯積累】 Chinese mainland中國(guó)大陸 website網(wǎng)站,1.What does Ma Yun look like? 2.What did Ma Yun use to be? 3.Where was Ma Yun born? 4.Was Ma Yun shown to the Internet for the first time in 1995? 5.When did Ma Yun set up Alibaba in Hangzhou?,He is short.,He used to be an English teacher.,He was born in Hangzhou.,Yes,he was.,He set up Alibaba in Hangzhou in 1999.,根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容完成下列各題,A man can fail many times, but he isnt a,一個(gè)人可以失敗很多次， 但是只要他沒有開始責(zé)怪旁人， 他還不是一個(gè)失敗者。巴勒斯,,