XM100光學銑磨機主軸軸承座立式磁性研磨機設計-主軸箱含5張CAD圖,xm100,光學,機主,軸承,立式,磁性,研磨機,設計,主軸,cad 外文資料 The decisive criteria of the quality of machining tools are their productivity and working accuracy. One innovated method for improving the technological parameters of manufacturing machines (machine tools) is to optimise the structure of their nodal points and machine components. Because of the demands on machine tool productivity and accuracy, the spindle-housing system is the heart of the machine tool, Figure 1, [1]. Radial ball bearings with angular contact are employed in ever increasing arrays. The number of headstocks supported on ball bearings with angular contact is increasing proportionally with the increasing demands on the quality of the machine tool [2]. This is because these bearings can be arranged in various combinations to create bearing arrangements which can enable the reduction of both radial and axial loads. The possibility of varying the number of bearings, their preload value, dimensions and the contact angle of bearings used in the bearing nodes, creates a broad spectrum of combinations which enable us to achieve the adequate stiffness and high speed capabilities of the Spindle-Bearings System (SBS) [2], [3]. Adequate stiffness and revolving speed of the headstock are necessary conditions for meeting the manufacturing precision quality and machine tool productivity required by industry. When designing a machine tool headstock, the starting point is the design of the spindle support, as this limits the stability, accuracy and production capacity of the machine by its stiffness and revolving speed. However, the parameters influencing the stiffness and frequency can act in opposition to each other. The selection of the type of bearing has to take into consideration the optimization of its stiffness and revolving speed characteristics. The maximum turning speed of the bearings is a function of the maximum revolving speed of the individual bearings, their number, pre-load magnitude, manufacturing precision, and the types of lubrication used. The stiffness of the SBS depends on the stiffness of the bearings and the spindle itself. There are several methods that can be employed for determining the static stiffness of the spindle system, eg. [1] and [2]. However, one problem which has not yet been solved is the calculation of the stiffness of the bearings, (or nodes of bearings) in the individual housing, [7], [8], and [9]. Accurate calculation of the stiffness of the bearing nodes requires the determination of the static parameters of each bearing. From a mathematical point of view, this can be solved by using a system of non-linear differential equations, which requires the use of computers. To simplify the design, we need a static analysis which provides the basis for the dynamic characteristics of the mounting, and of the machine itself. Designers often prefer the conventional and proven methods of mounting, without taking into account the technical and technological parameters of the machine. For the design engineer, it is important to be able to undertake a quick evaluation of various SBS variants at the preliminary design stage. The success of the design will depend on the correct choice of suitable criteria for the SBS, and if the design engineer has adequate experience in this field. 2. Headstock – the heart of the machine tool the headstock, whether tool or workpiece carrier, has a direct influence on the static and dynamic properties of the cutting process. The spindle-bearing system (SBS) stiffness affects the surface quality, profile, and dimensional accuracy of the parts produced. It also has a direct influence on machine tool productivity because the width of cut influences the initiation of self-induced vibration; it is directly proportional to machine tool stiffness and damping. Complex analysis of the SBS is very difficult and complicated, [5]. The analysis requires an advanced understanding of mathematics, mechanics, machine parts, elastic-hydrodynamic theory, rolling housing techniques, and also programming skills. The results of our research into SBS have been divided into three parts: - new design of headstock - new design of "Duplo–Headstock“2.1. New design of headstock in the new design of a headstock which connects to a CNC system, the maximum width of cut is limited by the point at which self-exciting vibration starts. From a constructional point of view, the headstock design can be classified as follows: x classical headstock, x headstock with an integrated drive unit. The classical headstock is a mechanical unit, where a spindle is driven by a motor through a gearbox without any control system. The disadvantages of the classical construction are as follows: x problems with the gears at higher revolving frequencies, x actual cutting speeds are not continual because of the discontinuous nature of the gearboxes, x large dimensions of complete units. 2.2. New design of "Duplo–Headstock“The "Duplo-headstock“has been designed in order to achieve technological parameters comparable to the performance of standard electro-spindles, but at a lower production costs and with higher controllability. This particular headstock is assembled from readily available elements (bearings, single drives). The demands on the other peripheral devices are reduced, as are the costs. ?ubomír ?oo? et al. / Procedia Engineering 69 ( 2014 ) 1336 – 1344 1339 Figure 2 [5] shows the spindle (1), with built-in armature (2), is supported by bearings (3), (4). The stator (5) of the internal motor is supported in internal cylindrical body (6) on bearings (7), (8). The clutch (9) connects a hollow shaft with an external electro-motor (10). The stator feeding rings (11) are located in the rear part of the shaft. The clutch (12) enabling switching between working modes is located in the front part of the shaft. The advantage of this design, which is already in use, is that the headstock can work in three different modes: - stator is engaged on the spindle, - stator is engaged on the body, - no engagement. The “Duplo-headstock” can be described as a spindle with double supports, driven by two separate motors which can operate independently or together. Figures 3, 4, 5, 6 show the design of ?Duplo–headstock“. Connecting such a headstock with a suitable control system can provide optimal cutting conditions for various technological operations. The intelligent control system, Figure 7, can operate in any one of the working modes and ensure nominal or optimal technological parameters best suited to the machining process, [4]. Figure 8 shows the design for the construction of the "Duplo" Headstock. [6]. in the third mode (Figure 2), the clutch (12) is switched off. The spindle is driven by both motors, (Figure 5), providing the maximum speed, which is required, for example, in grinding. 3. Conclusion The paper presents in a very concise form summary of our results in research of new design of the spindle housing system. Special attention is paid to two designs of headstock namely classical headstock and headstock with an integrated drive unit. Description of these two versions is introduced. The paper also presents the function model based on the patent as well as the real headstock according to the patent [5]. The design of the generator of movements can also be used for other industrial applications in practice [5]. Acknowledgements The authors are grateful to support for this work to the Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Faculty of Mechanical engineering, to the Operational Programmed for Science and Research in the frame of the project Competence Centre ITMS 26240220073 Project APVV SK-SRB-0045-11, to the Agency APVV - grant No. APVV– 0096-10 and to the Agency VEGA – grant ?. 1/0120/12. 中文譯文 ??加工工具質量的決定性標準是其生產率和工作精度。一種改進制造機器（機床）的工藝參數(shù)的創(chuàng)新方法是優(yōu)化其節(jié)點和機器部件的結構。由于對機床生產率和精度的要求，主軸箱系統(tǒng)是機床的核心，如圖1所示[1]。角度接觸的徑向滾珠軸承用于不斷增加的陣列中。隨著對機床質量要求的不斷提高，角接觸球軸承所支撐的主軸箱數(shù)量也逐漸增加[2]。這是因為這些軸承可以以各種組合布置以產生可以減小徑向和軸向載荷的軸承布置。改變軸承數(shù)量，其預載荷值，軸承節(jié)點中使用的軸承的尺寸和接觸角的可能性創(chuàng)造了廣泛的組合，這使得我們能夠實現(xiàn)主軸 - 軸承系統(tǒng)的足夠的剛度和高速能力（SBS）[2]，[3]。滿足工業(yè)要求的制造精度質量和機床生產率的必要條件是，主軸箱具有足夠的剛度和轉速。設計機床主軸箱時，起點是主軸支架的設計，因為這會限制機器的剛度和轉速，從而限制機器的穩(wěn)定性，精度和生產能力。但是，影響剛度和頻率的參數(shù)可能會相互抵觸。軸承類型的選擇必須考慮到其剛度和轉速特性的優(yōu)化。軸承的最大轉速是單個軸承的最大轉速，它們的數(shù)量，預加載量，制造精度以及使用的潤滑類型的函數(shù)。 SBS的剛度取決于軸承和主軸本身的剛度。有幾種方法可用于確定主軸系統(tǒng)的靜態(tài)剛度，例如， [1]和[2]。 然而，尚未解決的一個問題是計算單個殼體中的軸承（或軸承的節(jié)點）的剛度，[7]，[8]，[9]。精確計算軸承節(jié)點的剛度需要確定每個軸承的靜態(tài)參數(shù)。從數(shù)學的角度來看，這可以通過使用需要使用計算機的非線性微分方程組來解決。為了簡化設計，我們需要一個靜態(tài)分析，為安裝和機器本身的動態(tài)特性提供基礎。設計人員通常更喜歡傳統(tǒng)和經(jīng)過驗證的安裝方法，而不考慮機器的技術和工藝參數(shù)。對于設計工程師而言，能夠在初步設計階段快速評估各種SBS變型非常重要。設計的成功取決于SBS適當標準的正確選擇，以及設計工程師是否具備足夠的經(jīng)驗。 2.主軸箱 - 機床的核心主軸箱，無論是刀具還是工件載具，都直接影響切割過程的靜態(tài)和動態(tài)特性。主軸軸承系統(tǒng)（SBS）剛度影響所生產零件的表面質量，輪廓和尺寸精度。由于切割寬度影響自激振動的開始，因此它對機床生產率也有直接影響;它與機床剛度和阻尼成正比。對SBS的復雜分析非常困難和復雜[5]。分析需要對數(shù)學，力學，機械零件，彈性流體動力學理論，滾動外殼技術以及編程技巧有深入的了解。我們對SBS的研究結果分為三個部分： - 主軸箱的新設計 - “Duplo-Headstock”的新設計2.1。主軸箱的新設計在連接到CNC系統(tǒng)的主軸箱的新設計中，切割寬度受到自激振動開始點的限制從結構上看，主軸箱設計可以分為以下幾類：x經(jīng)典主軸箱，帶有集成驅動單元的x主軸箱經(jīng)典主軸箱為機械其中一臺主軸由電機通過齒輪箱驅動而沒有任何控制系統(tǒng)，傳統(tǒng)結構的缺點如下：x在較高轉速下齒輪存在問題，x實際切削速度不連續(xù)，因為不連續(xù)性的變速箱，x大型整體單元2.2“Duplo-主軸箱”的新設計“Duplo-主軸箱”的設計是為了實現(xiàn)可比的技術參數(shù)到標準電主軸的性能，但生產成本更低，可控性更高。這種特殊的主軸箱由現(xiàn)成的元件（軸承，單個驅動器）組裝而成。對其他外圍設備的要求也降低了，成本也降低了。 ?ubomír?oo?等人。圖2 [5]顯示帶有內置電樞（2）的主軸（1）由軸承（3），（4）支撐。內部電機的定子（5）支撐在軸承（7），（8）上的內部圓柱體（6）中。離合器（9）將空心軸與外部電動機（10）連接。定子進給環(huán)（11）位于軸的后部。能夠在工作模式之間切換的離合器（12）位于軸的前部。這種已經(jīng)在使用的設計的優(yōu)點是，頭架可以以三種不同的模式工作： - 定子與主軸嚙合， - 定子與主體嚙合， - 不嚙合。 “Duplo-headstock”可以被描述為一個雙支撐主軸，由兩個獨立運行的電機驅動，可以獨立運行或一起運行。圖3,4,5,6顯示了“Duplo-headstock”的設計。將這樣的頭架連接到合適的控制系統(tǒng)可以為各種技術操作提供最佳切割條件。智能控制系統(tǒng)（圖7）可以在任何一種工作模式下運行，并確保最適合加工過程的標稱或最佳工藝參數(shù)[4]。圖8顯示了“Duplo”主軸箱的結構設計。 [6]。在第三種模式（圖2）中，離合器（12）關閉。主軸由兩個電機驅動（圖5），提供最大的速度，例如在磨削過程中所需的最大速度。 3.結論 本文以非常簡潔的形式總結了我們在主軸箱體系新設計研究方面取得的成果。 特別注意兩種頭架的設計，即經(jīng)典的頭架和帶集成驅動單元的頭架。 介紹了這兩個版本的描述。 本文還介紹了基于專利的功能模型以及根據(jù)專利[5]的真實主軸箱。 運動發(fā)生器的設計也可以用于其他工業(yè)應用[5]。致謝 ? 作者感謝支持這項工作的斯洛伐克技術大學布拉迪斯拉發(fā)機械工程學院的科學和研究運作計劃在框架項目能力中心ITMS 26240220073項目APVV SK-SRB-0045-11 ，代理APVV - 授權號APVV-0096-10和代理VEGA - 授權。1/0120/12。