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1、虛擬語氣 Subjunctive Mood (I) GRAMMER 語法 陳述語氣 I went to the theatre yesterday. Jack hadnt come back home yet. 祈 使語氣 Lets go. Dont touch anything on the table until the bell rings. 一 . 語氣的分類 虛擬語氣 If I were you,I would not leave her alone. Our teacher suggested that we go to the library this afterno

2、on. 條件句表示主句的條件 ,分 真實(shí)條件句 和 虛擬條件句 兩種。 a. 真實(shí)條件句 表示條件是 真的或有可 能實(shí)現(xiàn)的 , 采用 陳述語氣 。 b. 虛擬條件句 表示條件是 無法實(shí)現(xiàn)或 幾乎無法實(shí)現(xiàn)的 , 采用 虛擬語氣 。 真實(shí)條件句 真實(shí)條件句用于陳述語氣 , 假設(shè)的情 況可能發(fā)生 , 其中 if 是如果的意思。 時(shí)態(tài)關(guān)系 句型 : 條件從句 主句 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) shall/will + 動詞原形 If he comes, he will bring his violin. The volleyball match will be put off if

3、 it ___. A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained 答案 B 真實(shí)條件句主句為將來時(shí) , 從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 注意： 在真實(shí)條件句中 ,主句不能用 be going to表示將來 ,該用 shall, will. (錯 ) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it. (對 ) If you leave now, you will never regret it. 二 . if 虛擬條件句的概念 由 if 引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句叫作 if虛 擬條

4、件句 I could easily recognize if I had seen him before. 三 . if Sentence Structure if 虛擬條件句的結(jié)構(gòu) a. 表示 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反 的假設(shè) b. 表示 與過去事實(shí)相反 的假設(shè) c. 表示 與將來事實(shí)相反 的假設(shè) 1. 虛擬語氣用于 條件狀語 從句中 (1) 表示與 現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反 的假設(shè) , 條件 狀語從句 中的謂語動詞用“ 過去式 (be 動詞的過去式用 were)”, 而 主句 中 的謂語動詞 “ would / should/ could / might

5、+ 動詞原形”。 虛擬語氣 If I were a boy, I would join the army. What would you do if you won the lottery? If I won the lottery, I would If I won the lottery, I would buy an expensive car. If I had a lot of money I would buy a villa. If I had a lot of money now, I would travel around the world. If it

6、 were fine now, I would go shopping. a. If they ____ (be) here, they __________ (take) your advice. b. If the world-war _____ (burst) out again, what _____________ (happen) to our people on earth? were would take burst would happen PRACTICE 1: Fill in the blanks. c. If the policeman ________ (be not

7、) in that room, it ________ (be) very dangerous. d. If I ____ (be) in your position, I _________ (ask) for teachers help. were not could be were would ask 2. 與過去的事實(shí)相反 從句的謂語 用 had過去分詞 , 構(gòu)成 If I (we, you, he, they) had過去分詞 的 形式； 主句的謂語 用 should(第一人稱 )/would (第二、三人稱 ) /could/might have 動 詞過去分詞。 If he

8、 __________ more carefully, he _________________ the car accident yesterday. had driven would not have had If I ________ how to swim, I __________________ trapped in this island. had learnt would not have been a. If Tom ________ (be) more careful in the exam, he ________________ (pass) it alread

9、y. b. If you _______ (get) up earlier, you ________________ (catch) the first train. had been would have passed had got would have caught PRACTICE 2: Fill in the blanks. c. If I _______ (meet) you yesterday, we ______________ (go) to the concert together. had met would have gone 3. 與將來事實(shí)相反 從句的謂語用 I

10、f I (we, you, he, they) 動詞過去式 或 were to do 或 should do 形式 , 主句謂語用 should(第一人稱 ) /would (第二、三人稱 ) /could/ might 動詞原形。 If he got up early, he would be on time. 假如他來了 , 我們對他說什么呢？ If he were to come, what should we say to him. 假如他看見我 , 就會認(rèn)識我。 If he should see me, he would know me. a. If there ____

11、____ (be) no natural resource any more, we ___________ (make) use of nuclear power . b. What ____________ (happen) if you ____________ (get up) too late tomorrow? should be should make would happen should get up PRACTICE 3: Fill in the blanks c. If Robots _____________ (control) the world some day,

12、 here ________ (be) no friendship. were to control would be 二 . 虛擬語氣在 賓語從句 中的用法 在動詞 wish后的賓語從句中 , 表示與 現(xiàn)在或過去的事實(shí)相反 , 或?qū)淼?主觀愿望 , 從句通常省略連詞 that。 1) 表示對 現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬 : 從句動詞用 過去式或過去進(jìn)行式 (be動詞一般 用 were) 。 I wish I were as tall as you. I wish I were a bird. I wish every day were my birthday. I wish/wished I

13、hadnt eaten so much watermelon. (2) 表示對 過去情況 的虛擬 :從句動詞 常用“ had過去分詞” 。 The party was terrible, I wish I had never gone to it. (3) 表示對將來的主觀愿望 : 從句動詞形 式為 “ would動詞原形” 。 注意 : 主句的 主語 與從句的主要 不能相 同 , 因?yàn)橹骶涞闹髡Z所期望的從句動作 能否實(shí)現(xiàn)，取決于從句主語的態(tài)度或意 愿 (非動物名詞除外 )。 但愿你立刻來。 I wish you would come soon. I wish it would rai

14、n tomorrow. 含義 動詞形式 例句 If從句 主句 與事 實(shí)相 反 現(xiàn) 在 將 來 過 去 過去時(shí)形式 would / should / could / might + 動詞原形 If we had enough money, we would buy a computer now. 過去時(shí)形式 If it rained tomorrow, we would stay at home. were to + 動詞原形 If I were to ask, would you help me? should + 動詞原形 If it should be necessa

15、ry, I could come at six. 過去完成時(shí) would / should / could / might + have done If you had got there earlier, you would have caught the bus. wish 后的賓語從句 含義 動詞形式 例句 針對現(xiàn)狀表達(dá) 愿望（與事實(shí) 相反） 過去時(shí)形式 I wish I had a little lab of my own. 對過去發(fā)生的事 情表示遺憾或 后悔 過去完成形式 I wish you had let me know earlier. 針對將來表達(dá)愿 望

16、（雖然可能性 極小，但有實(shí)現(xiàn) 的可能） would / could / might + 動詞 原形 She sincerely wished that she might do something to comfort him. wish 后的賓語從句中常用 were代替 was I wish Tessa were here now. 動詞 hope后面不用虛擬語氣，而用相應(yīng)的 時(shí)態(tài)表示與過去 ,現(xiàn)在或?qū)碛嘘P(guān)的希望 I hope she wasnt late. I hope he is ready. I hope he will come tomorrow. I wish she had not been late. I wish he were ready. I wish he would come tomorrow. 關(guān)于虛擬語氣 辯析 1 關(guān)于虛擬語氣 辯析 2 關(guān)于虛擬語氣 辯析 3 關(guān)于虛擬語氣 辯析 4 關(guān)于虛擬語氣 辯析 5 句型練習(xí) (用 If I were you句型翻譯下 列句子 ) 1. 我要是你的話 , 我就會把英語學(xué)好。 2. 如果你昨天來 , 你就會看見他。 3. 萬一明天下雨 , 我們就不到那兒去。 4. 我希望我十年前認(rèn)識他。 5. 他對待我就像對待他自己的兒子一樣。 Homework