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車輛與動(dòng)力工程學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書 3噸柴油動(dòng)力貨車設(shè)計(jì)（傳動(dòng) 軸、離合器及操縱機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)） 摘 要 本文介紹了近年來(lái)發(fā)展的新型拉式膜片彈簧離合器的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)和工作原理，并與傳統(tǒng)的推式膜片彈簧離合器進(jìn)行了對(duì)比。在相同的約束條件下，優(yōu)化后的拉式膜片彈簧，無(wú)論是在后備系數(shù)的穩(wěn)定性、膜片的最大當(dāng)量應(yīng)力方面，還是在分離力的大小方面，均優(yōu)于推式膜片彈簧。然后，對(duì)于拉式膜片彈簧的載荷-變形特性和應(yīng)力-變形特性作了詳細(xì)分析。在分析的基礎(chǔ)上，闡述了拉式膜片彈簧基本參數(shù)的選擇和設(shè)計(jì)。由于拉式膜片彈簧離合器具有許多優(yōu)點(diǎn)，故拉式膜片彈簧離合器是一種很有發(fā)展前途的汽車離合器。 本設(shè)計(jì)通過(guò)對(duì)傳動(dòng)軸的傳動(dòng)類型分析，結(jié)合所設(shè)計(jì)車的特點(diǎn)以及市場(chǎng)趨勢(shì)等因素，對(duì)傳動(dòng)方式和傳動(dòng)軸進(jìn)行了選型；通過(guò)對(duì)傳動(dòng)軸的類型與結(jié)構(gòu)分析，選擇傳動(dòng)軸的十字軸滾針軸承的密封形式為蓋板式密封，并在其密封部位采用橡膠骨架油封和氈圈油封相結(jié)合的密封形式，以適應(yīng)農(nóng)村地區(qū)的惡略路況；通過(guò)對(duì)萬(wàn)向節(jié)的十字軸、滾針軸承、萬(wàn)向節(jié)差的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算，確定了所設(shè)計(jì)車輛使用的這些部件的具體尺寸；通過(guò)對(duì)傳動(dòng)軸的臨界轉(zhuǎn)速和計(jì)算載荷的確定，用待定系數(shù)法確定了傳動(dòng)軸的花鍵軸和軸管的尺寸，并校核了其扭轉(zhuǎn)強(qiáng)度和臨界轉(zhuǎn)速，確定了合適的安全系數(shù)。鑒于矩形花鍵的一系列優(yōu)點(diǎn)和國(guó)內(nèi)的生產(chǎn)加工水平，傳動(dòng)軸花鍵采用了矩形花鍵。 關(guān)鍵詞：離合器，膜片彈簧式, 傳動(dòng)軸, 十字軸 6 TON DIESEL POWER VAN DESIGN (TRANSMISSION SHAFT、CLUTCH AND CONTROLLING ORGANIZATION DESIGN) ABSTRACT In this paper, the constructional features and principles of operation of recently developed new style pull-type diaphragm spring clutch are described in contrast with the traditional push-type diaphragm spring clutch.In the same dimension,pull-type diaphragm spring by optimum design is better than push-type,in respect of stability of reservation coefficient maximum equivalent stress of diaphragm and magnitude of declutching force.Then,the load-deflection characteristics and stress-deflection characteristics of pull-type diaphram spring are analysed in detail.Base on these analyses,the selection of main parameters and design of this spring are discussed.The pull-type diaphragm spring clutch possesses many advantages,therefore pull-type diaphram spring clutch is a very prospective motor vehicle clutch. The thesis introduced power transmission shaft used on transporting. According to the features of the vans and the characters of the road in rural areas ,we chose the simply made open style power transmission shaft .For vans , its cost and convenience for reparation and adaptability rather than its comfort ability and science ratio are concerned .So during the design we did not pay too much attention to the popular which is often advanced technology of the filed .On the contrary ,we just made some necessary improvement to the using form .For example ,we use involutes serration instead of rectangle serration ,so the durability of the spine will be much upgraded while its cost still low because nowadays its not more difficult to machine involutes serration than rectangle serration .To up the durability of the shaft ,we paid much attention to the seal form of the unit .We used rubber bone seal together with felt washer . KEY WORD：clutch, pull-mebrane-spring type, transmission shaft, cross axle 符 號(hào) 說(shuō) 明 物理量 代號(hào) 單位 物理量 代號(hào) 單位 摩擦片外徑 D mm 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)最大功率時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)速 n r/min 摩擦片最大圓周速度 V m/s 離合器后備系數(shù) 單位壓力 靜摩擦力矩 N.m 摩擦面間的靜摩擦因數(shù) f 壓盤施加在摩擦面上的工作壓力 F N 摩擦面數(shù) Z 摩擦片的平均摩擦半徑 mm 單位摩擦面積滑磨功 w 汽車總質(zhì)量 Kg 輪胎滾動(dòng)半徑 m 主減速器傳動(dòng)比 軸的扭轉(zhuǎn)切應(yīng)力 軸的抗扭截面系數(shù) 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)最大轉(zhuǎn)矩 N.m 物理量 代號(hào) 單位 物理量 代號(hào) 單位 傳動(dòng)軸計(jì)算載荷 變速器一擋傳動(dòng)比 計(jì)算驅(qū)動(dòng)橋數(shù) n 萬(wàn)向傳動(dòng)的計(jì)算轉(zhuǎn)矩 N.m 萬(wàn)向傳動(dòng)的最大夾角 十字軸軸頸根部彎曲應(yīng)力 滾針工作長(zhǎng)度 mm 材料的彈性模量 E 臨界轉(zhuǎn)速 r/mi 安全系數(shù) K 動(dòng)載系數(shù) 傳動(dòng)花鍵軸的扭轉(zhuǎn)切應(yīng)力 齒側(cè)擠壓應(yīng)力 變速器一擋傳動(dòng)比 目 錄 第一章 前言........................................1 第二章 離合器概述......................................2 §2.1離合器設(shè)計(jì)要求..............................2 §2.2 離合器的工作原理.............................3 §2.3 離合器功用及分類.............................3 §2.4 離合器結(jié)構(gòu)方案分析...........................4 第三章 離合器設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算..............................7 §3.1離合器參數(shù)的選擇...........................7 §3.2 從動(dòng)盤總成................................11 §3.3 壓盤和離合器蓋計(jì)算.............................12 §3.4 拉式膜片彈簧計(jì)算...............................14 §3.5 膜片彈簧的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)............................15 §3.6扭轉(zhuǎn)減震器計(jì)算.................................19 §3.7 離合器操縱機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì).............................20 第四章 傳動(dòng)軸設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算..................................22 §4.1萬(wàn)向傳動(dòng)的計(jì)算載荷...........................22 §4.2 十字軸設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算.................................23 §4.3 十字軸滾針軸承的計(jì)算...........................24 §4.4 萬(wàn)向節(jié)叉的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算.............................25 §4.5 傳動(dòng)軸臨界轉(zhuǎn)速計(jì)算............................27 §4.6 軸管強(qiáng)度計(jì)算...................................29 §4.7 傳動(dòng)軸花鍵軸的計(jì)算.............................30 第五章 結(jié)論...........................................32 參考文獻(xiàn)...............................................33 致謝...................................................34 IV